土壤铅胁迫对苘麻光合特性及生物量的影响
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摘要
为明确不同浓度铅污染对苘麻(Abutilon theophrasti)光合特性及生长的影响程度,揭示苘麻对铅胁迫的光合适应能力,在铅污染土壤区域提供潜在物种。该研究设置五个铅浓度梯度(0、500、1 000、1 500、2 000 mg·kg~(-1)),分析了在不同浓度铅污染胁迫下,苘麻的铅积累、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光特性及生物量的变化。结果表明:当铅浓度在1 000 mg·kg~(-1)以下时,净光合速率(P_n)和气孔导度(G_s)、光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、电子传递速率(ETR)的值分别与空白组的P_n、G_s、F_v/F_m、ETR值相比均不显著(P>0.05),表明铅浓度小于1 000 mg·kg~(-1)时,苘麻的光合活性未受到损伤,有很强的光合适应能力。苘麻生物量在500、1 000 mg·kg~(-1)铅胁迫下为空白组的88.6%、106%,苘麻能够正常生长,说明苘麻能够适应铅污染的胁迫。当铅浓度低于1 000 mg·kg~(-1)时,苘麻地上部与地下部对铅富集与转移的效果较好,表明在铅污染区苘麻也具有较强的铅积累能力。根据铅污染土壤区域的实际情况,结合苘麻在低浓度铅污染修复效率高的特点,认为苘麻可以作为铅污染地区修复的潜在物种。
In order to reveal the effects of Pb stress on the photosynthetic characteristics and growth of Abutilon theophrasti,to reveal the photosynthetic adaptability of A. theophrasti under Pb stress,and to provide potential species for Pb contaminated soil area,five Pb concentration gradients(0,200,500,1 000,1 500 mg·kg~(-1)) were set in the experiment. Pb accumulation,gas exchange parameters,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and biomass were analyzed under different concentrations of Pb stress. The results showed that net photosynthetic rate(P_n) and stomatal conductance(G_s),photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m),electron transport rate(ETR) of were not significant(P>0.05). This indicated that when the Pb concentration was less than 1 000 mg·kg~(-1),the activity of the reaction center of A. theophrasti was not affected,and the photosynthetic ability was strong. The biomass of A. theophrasti was 88.6% and 106% of the blank group under 500,1 000 mg·kg~(-1) Pb stress,it could grow normally. A. theophrasti had a adaptability under Pb stress,and had strong ability of Pb accumulating in polluted areas of Pb. In summary,when the Pb pollution is less than1 000 mg·kg~(-1),A. theophrasti has strong adaptability to Pb stress. A. theophrasti can be used as a potential species for Pb contaminated areas,according to the actual situation of Pb contaminated soil area,for the characteristics of high efficiency in the low concentration Pb pollution area.
In order to reveal the effects of Pb stress on the photosynthetic characteristics and growth of Abutilon theophrasti,to reveal the photosynthetic adaptability of A. theophrasti under Pb stress,and to provide potential species for Pb contaminated soil area,five Pb concentration gradients(0,200,500,1 000,1 500 mg·kg~(-1)) were set in the experiment. Pb accumulation,gas exchange parameters,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and biomass were analyzed under different concentrations of Pb stress. The results showed that net photosynthetic rate(P_n) and stomatal conductance(G_s),photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m),electron transport rate(ETR) of were not significant(P>0.05). This indicated that when the Pb concentration was less than 1 000 mg·kg~(-1),the activity of the reaction center of A. theophrasti was not affected,and the photosynthetic ability was strong. The biomass of A. theophrasti was 88.6% and 106% of the blank group under 500,1 000 mg·kg~(-1) Pb stress,it could grow normally. A. theophrasti had a adaptability under Pb stress,and had strong ability of Pb accumulating in polluted areas of Pb. In summary,when the Pb pollution is less than1 000 mg·kg~(-1),A. theophrasti has strong adaptability to Pb stress. A. theophrasti can be used as a potential species for Pb contaminated areas,according to the actual situation of Pb contaminated soil area,for the characteristics of high efficiency in the low concentration Pb pollution area.
引文
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CHANG QS,ZHANG LX,LIU J,et al,2016.Dormancy mechanism and breaking approaches of Abutilon theophrasti seeds[J].J Plant Physiol,52(6):967-974.[常青山,张利霞,刘晶,等,2016.苘麻种子休眠机理及破眠方法[J].植物生理学报,52(6):967-974.]
GHNAYA T,NOUAIRI I,SLAMA I,et al,2005.Cadmium effects on growth and mineral nutrition of two halophytes:Sesuvium portulacastrum and Mesembryanthemum crystallinum[J].J Plant Physiol,162:1133-1140.
GAO L,LI ZQ,LI GC,2011.Research progress on provitamin A of maize[J].Crops,(5):12-15.[高岚,李泽琴,李国臣,2011.土壤重金属污染植物修复研究动态[J].作物杂志,(5):12-15.]
GENTY B,BRIANTAIS JM,BAKER NR,1989.The relationship between quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence[J].Bba-Gen Subj,90(1):87-92.
HAAG-KERWER A,SCHFER HJ,HEISS S,et al,1999.Cadmium exposurein Brassica juncea causes a decline in transpiration rate and leaf expansion without effect on photosynthesis[J].J Exp Bot,50(341):1827-1835.
JIA ZM,CHENG H,WEI H,et al,2012.Photosynthetic Responses of the riparian Salix variegata to cadmium stress in Three Gorges Reservoir Region[J].Sci Silv Sin,44(6):152-158.[贾中民,程华,魏虹,等,2012.三峡库区岸生植物秋华柳对镉胁迫的光合响应[J].林业科学,44(6):152-158.]
JACKSON B,ORDAZ O,2011.Genotypic difference in the inhibition of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence by salinity and cadmium stresses in wheat[J].J Plant Nutr,34(3):315-323.
JIA ZM,WEI H,SUN XC,et al,2011.Accumulation and tolerance of Salix variegate and Pterocarya stenoptera seedlings to cadmium[J].Acta Ecol Sin,31(1):107-114.[贾中民,魏虹,孙晓灿,等,2011.秋华柳和枫杨幼苗对镉的积累和耐受性[J].生态学报,31(1):107-114.]
KPPER H,PARAMESWARAN A,LEITENMAIER B,et al,2007.Cadmium-induced inhibition of photosynthesis and longterm acclimation to cadmium stress in the hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens[J].New Phytol,175(4):655-674.
LI Z,MA Z,VANDERKUIJP TJ,et al,2014.A review of soil heavy metal pollution from mines in China:pollution and health risk assessment[J].Sci Total Environ,468-469C:843-853.
LONG SP,BAKER NR,RAINES CA,1993.Analyzing the responses of photosynthetic CO2assimilation to long-term elevation of atmospheric CO2concentration[J].J Veg Sci,104-105:33-45.
LIN L,TANG Y,ZHANG JT,et al,2015.Effects of different water potentials on leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of cucumber during post-flowering growth stage[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,26(7):2030-2040.[林琭,汤昀,张纪涛,等,2015.不同水势对黄瓜花后叶片气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,26(7):2030-2040.]
LIN FF,CONG X,HUANG JL,et al,2014.Resistance of artificial wetland plants to lead[J].Chin J Environ Eng,8(6):2329-2334.[林芳芳,丛鑫,黄锦楼,等,2014.人工湿地植物对重金属铅的抗性[J].环境工程学报,8(6):2329-2334.]
PRASAD MNV,2004.Heavy metal stress in plants:from biomolecules to ecosystems[J].2nd ed.Berlin:Springer Press:148-170.
PIETRINI F,IANNELLI MA,PASQUALINI S,et al,2003.Interaction of cadmium with glutathione and photosynthesis in developing leaves and chloroplasts of Phragmites australis(Cav.)Trin.ex Strudel[J].J Plant Physiol,133(2):829-837.
POSCHENRIEDER C,GUNSE B,BARCELO J,1989.Influence of cadmium on water relations,stomatal resistanceand abscisic acid content in expanding bean leaves[J].JPlant Physiol,90(4):1365-1371.
QIAN YQ,ZHOU XX,HAN L,et al,2100.Rapid Light-response curves of PSⅡchlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaves of Salix leucopithecia subjected to eadmium-ion stress[J].Acta Ecol Sin,31(20):6134-6142.[钱永强,周晓星,韩蕾,等,2011.Cd2+胁迫对银芽柳PSⅡ叶绿素荧光光响应曲线的影响[J].生态学报,31(20):6134-6142.]
QI Y,GUAN X,YAN B,et al,2016.Seed germination and seedling growth of seed from velvetleaf treated by herbicides[J].Chin Environ Sci,36(8):2480-2486.[齐月,关潇,闫冰,等,2016.除草剂对苘麻子代萌发和幼苗生长的延迟影响[J].中国环境科学,36(8):2480-2486.]
SUN YY,XU LL,FENG XD,et al,2015.Biomass,cadmium accumulation and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters response of Ageratum conyzoides to different concentrations of cadmium stress[J].Guihaia,35(5):679-684.[孙园园,徐玲玲,冯旭东,等,2015.藿香蓟的镉积累、生物量及叶绿素荧光参数对不同梯度镉胁迫的响应[J].广西植物,35(5):679-684.]
SHU WS,YE ZH,ZHANG ZH,et al,2003.Restoration of lead and zinc mine tailings in South China[J].Act Ecol Sin,23(8):1629-1639.
VASSILEV A,PEREZ-SANZ A,SEMANE B,et al,2005.Cadmium accumulation and tolerance of two Salix genotypes hydrophoniclly grown in presence of cadmium[J].J Plant Nutr,28(12):2159-2177.
WU BF,YUAN C,ZHU L,2011.Characteristics of the ecology and environment monitoring system of The Three Gorges Project[J].[吴炳方,袁超,朱亮,2011.三峡工程生态与环境监测系统的特点[J].长江流域资源与环境,20(3):339-346.]
WU YM,2013.Patent bibliometric analysis on the remediation techniques of soil heavy metal pollution[J].Ecol&Environ Sci,22(5):901-904.[吴耀楣,2013.中国土壤重金属污染修复技术的专利文献计量分析[J].生态环境学报,22(5):901-904.]
WEI SH,ZHOU QX,WANG X,2005.Cadmium-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L.and its accumulating characteristics[J].Acta Sci Circumst,26(3):167-171.[魏树和,周启星,王新,2005.超积累植物龙葵及其对镉的富集特征[J].环境科学学报,26(3):167-171.]
WHITE PJ,BROWN PH,2010,Plant nutrition for sustainable development and global health[J].Ann Bot-London,105(7):1073-1080.
WANG WJ,LI WX,ZU YG,2009.Differences in pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters between stems and leaves eupatorium adcnophorum under different temperature treatments[J].Acta Ecol Sin,29(10):5424-5433.[王文杰,李文馨,祖元刚,2009.紫茎泽兰茎和叶片及叶绿素荧光相关参数对不同温度处理的响应差异[J].生态学报,29(10):5424-5433.]
XU T,WANG F,GUO Q,et al,2014.Transfer characteristic and source identification of soil heavy metals from waterlevel-fluctuating zone along Xiangxi River,Three-Gorges Reservoir Area[J].Chin J Envir Sci,35(4):1502-1508.[胥焘,王飞,郭强,等,2014.三峡库区香溪河消落带及库岸土壤重金属迁移特征及来源分析[J].环境科学,35(4):1502-1508.]
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