土壤加硒对柴油胁迫下三叶草光合荧光特性的影响
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摘要
以三叶草(Trifolium repens)为供试植物,利用室内盆栽试验,研究土壤加硒(Se)对不同柴油(diesel)质量分数梯度(0、15、20、25g/kg)胁迫下三叶草光合荧光特性的影响,以期探索出一种提高植物在高质量分数柴油胁迫下植物生长的方法,支持补充植物修复技术.结果表明:不同柴油质量分数梯度对三叶草的根茎鲜重有显著的抑制(P<0.05),三叶草光合荧光特性在柴油的作用下受到明显的抑制,表现为PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII实际光化学效率(ФPSⅡ)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)随着柴油质量分数的增加显著降低(P<0.05),胞间二氧化碳质量分数(Ci)和非光化学淬灭系数(qN)随着柴油质量分数升高逐渐升高.而加硒显著缓解了柴油对植物生长和光合作用的胁迫,表现为根茎鲜重最大分别提高了59.4%、28.9%;光合荧光参数Fv/Fm、ФPSⅡ、qP、Pn、Tr和Gs相对于无硒对照组显著增加,Pn增加了18%～49%;Gs增加了24%～32%;Tr增加了6%～31%;Fv/Fm增加了1.4%～3.2%;qP增加了11.4%～21.5%;ФPSⅡ增加了14.4%～21.0%.而Ci相对于不加硒组呈降低趋势,但并不显著,qP降低了0.8%～2.1%.加硒后三叶草的光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数都显著区别于不加硒对照组,表明三叶草的光合作用受抑制的状态在硒的作用下有显著的改善.因此通过向柴油污染土壤添加低质量分数硒,可以有效缓解柴油对植物光合作用的抑制,促进植物生长.研究结果对植物修复柴油污染土壤有一定的支持补充作用.
A pot-culture experiment is conducted to assess the effects of selenium on Trifolium repens exposed to various levels of diesel(0,15,20,25 g/kg).The results show that the fresh weights of both shoot and root all decrease with the increased diesel.Exposure to diesel led to concentration-dependent decreases in photosynthesis fluorescent parameters(except qN and Ci).qN and Ci showed a reverse trend.Application of Se to soil increased Trifoliumrepenstolerance to diesel and significantly increased the photosynthesis fluorescent parameters(Fv/Fm、ФPSⅡ、qP、Pn、Tr and Gs),with the increments of Pn ranged from18%to 49%;Gs ranged from 24%to 32%;Tr ranged from 6%to 31%;Fv/Fmranged from 1.4%to 3.2%;qP ranged from 11.4% to 21.5%;ФPSⅡranged from 14.4 % to 21.0%.qP showed an significant decreased in Se applied groups and Ci showed insignificant decreased in Se applied groups when compared to non-Se applied groups.These results contribute to the ongoing effort to develop an effective phytoremediation system for soils contaminated by diesel.
A pot-culture experiment is conducted to assess the effects of selenium on Trifolium repens exposed to various levels of diesel(0,15,20,25 g/kg).The results show that the fresh weights of both shoot and root all decrease with the increased diesel.Exposure to diesel led to concentration-dependent decreases in photosynthesis fluorescent parameters(except qN and Ci).qN and Ci showed a reverse trend.Application of Se to soil increased Trifoliumrepenstolerance to diesel and significantly increased the photosynthesis fluorescent parameters(Fv/Fm、ФPSⅡ、qP、Pn、Tr and Gs),with the increments of Pn ranged from18%to 49%;Gs ranged from 24%to 32%;Tr ranged from 6%to 31%;Fv/Fmranged from 1.4%to 3.2%;qP ranged from 11.4% to 21.5%;ФPSⅡranged from 14.4 % to 21.0%.qP showed an significant decreased in Se applied groups and Ci showed insignificant decreased in Se applied groups when compared to non-Se applied groups.These results contribute to the ongoing effort to develop an effective phytoremediation system for soils contaminated by diesel.
引文
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[13]熊仕娟,刘俊,徐卫红,等.外源硒对黄瓜抗性、镉积累及镉化学形态的影响[J].环境科学,2015(1):286-294.
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[17]And G D F,Sharkey T D.Stomatal Conductance and Photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1982,33(33):317-345.
[18] Chaves M M,Flexas J,Pinheiro C.Photosynthesis under Drought and Salt Stress:Regulation Mechanisms from Whole Plant to Cell[J].Annals of Botany,2009,103(4):551-560.
[19]Djanaguiraman M,Prasad P V,Seppanen M.Selenium Protects Sorghum Leaves from Oxidative Damage Under High Temperature Stress by Enhancing Antioxidant Defense System[J].Plant Physiology&Biochemistry,2010,48(12):999-1007.
[20]Huang C,Wei G,Jie Y,et al.Effects of Concentrations of Sodium Chloride on Photosynthesis,Antioxidative Enzymes,Growth and Fiber Yield of Hybrid Ramie[J].Plant Physiology&Biochemistry,2014,76(5):86-93.
[21]王萍,聂东伶,柏文富,等.短梗大参叶片光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数日变化[J].经济林研究,2009,27(1):69-71.
[22]李伶,袁琳,宋丽娜,等.镉对浮萍叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(5):1062-1068.
[23] Hichem H,Elnaceur A,Mounir D.Effects of Salt Stress on Photosynthesis, Psii Photochemistry and Thermal Energy Dissipation in Leaves of Two Corn(Zea Mays L.)Varieties[J].Photosynthetica,2009,47(4):517-526.
[24] Gilmore A M.Mechanistic Aspects of Xanthophyll Cycle-Dependent Photoprotection in Higher Plant Chloroplasts and Leaves[J].Physiologia Plantarum,2010,99(1):197-209.
[2] Zhang Z,Zhou Q,Peng S,et al.Remediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soils by Joint Action of Pharbitis nil L.and Its Microbial Community[J].[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(22):5600-5605.
[3]刘亚云,孙红斌,陈桂珠,等.秋茄幼苗对多氯联苯污染的生理生态响应[J].生态学报,2007,27(2):746-754.
[4]王铮敏.Bap和Cr(Ⅵ)对红树植物秋茄幼苗生长及生理生态效应研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2008.
[5]王磊,杜菲,孙卉,等.人体硒代谢与硒营养研究进展[J].生物技术进展,2015(4):285-290.
[6] Y1ezBarrientes E,Rodriguez Flores C,Wrobel K,et al.Impact of Cadmium and Selenium Exposure on Trace Elements,Fatty Acids and Oxidative Stress in Lepidiumsativum[J].Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society,2017,56(1):3-9.
[7] Djanaguiraman M,Devi D D,Shanker A K,et al.Selenium-an Antioxidative Protectant in Soybean during Senescence[J].Plant&Soil,2005,272(1/2):77-86.
[8] Hawrylak-Nowak B.Beneficial Effects of Exogenous Selenium in Cucumber Seedlings Subjected to Salt Stress[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2009,132(1-3):259.
[9] Wang Y,Oyaizu H.Enhanced Remediation of DioxinsSpiked Soil by a Plant-Microbe System Using a Dibenzofuran-Degrading Comamonas Sp.and Trifolium Repens L[J].Chemosphere,2011,85(7):1109-1114.
[10]Huang C,Wei G,Jie Y,et al.Effects of Concentrations of Sodium Chloride on Photosynthesis,Antioxidative Enzymes,Growth and Fiber Yield of Hybrid Ramie[J].Plant Physiology&Biochemistry,2014,76(5):86-93.
[11]Zhang X,Chen L,Liu X,et al.Synergic Degradation of Diesel by Scirpustriqueter and Its Endophytic Bacteria[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2014,21(13):8198-8205.
[12]Cheema S A,Imran K M,Shen C,et al.Degradation of Phenanthrene and Pyrene in Spiked Soils by Single and Combined Plants Cultivation[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,177(1):384-389.
[13]熊仕娟,刘俊,徐卫红,等.外源硒对黄瓜抗性、镉积累及镉化学形态的影响[J].环境科学,2015(1):286-294.
[14] Akladious S A.Influence of Different Soaking Times with Selenium on Growth, Metabolic Activities of Wheat Seedlings Under Low Temperature Stress[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2012,11:14792-14804.
[15]Shrift A.Aspects of Selenium Metabolism in Higher Plants[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1969,20(1):475-494.
[16]Ahammed G J,Wang M M,Zhou Y H,et al.The Growth, Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Defense Responses of Five Vegetable Crops to Phenanthrene Stress[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2012,80(3):132-139.
[17]And G D F,Sharkey T D.Stomatal Conductance and Photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1982,33(33):317-345.
[18] Chaves M M,Flexas J,Pinheiro C.Photosynthesis under Drought and Salt Stress:Regulation Mechanisms from Whole Plant to Cell[J].Annals of Botany,2009,103(4):551-560.
[19]Djanaguiraman M,Prasad P V,Seppanen M.Selenium Protects Sorghum Leaves from Oxidative Damage Under High Temperature Stress by Enhancing Antioxidant Defense System[J].Plant Physiology&Biochemistry,2010,48(12):999-1007.
[20]Huang C,Wei G,Jie Y,et al.Effects of Concentrations of Sodium Chloride on Photosynthesis,Antioxidative Enzymes,Growth and Fiber Yield of Hybrid Ramie[J].Plant Physiology&Biochemistry,2014,76(5):86-93.
[21]王萍,聂东伶,柏文富,等.短梗大参叶片光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数日变化[J].经济林研究,2009,27(1):69-71.
[22]李伶,袁琳,宋丽娜,等.镉对浮萍叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(5):1062-1068.
[23] Hichem H,Elnaceur A,Mounir D.Effects of Salt Stress on Photosynthesis, Psii Photochemistry and Thermal Energy Dissipation in Leaves of Two Corn(Zea Mays L.)Varieties[J].Photosynthetica,2009,47(4):517-526.
[24] Gilmore A M.Mechanistic Aspects of Xanthophyll Cycle-Dependent Photoprotection in Higher Plant Chloroplasts and Leaves[J].Physiologia Plantarum,2010,99(1):197-209.