考虑多级流速下的岩石粗糙单裂隙渗流传热特性试验研究
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摘要
为系统研究增强型地热系统深部干热岩裂隙表面特征和热工质间的对流换热情况,基于N.Barton的JRC经典剖面和先进的3D打印技术,通过在岩样裂隙表面有规律地设置不同方向的粗糙度,以蒸馏水为热工质,考虑流体热物性变化,在人工岩样裂隙中进行多级流速下的对流换热试验。结果表明:低水平围压下,岩石单裂隙渗流特性呈线性演化规律,渗透压力与流速、温度呈正相关,与岩样粗糙度呈负相关;粗糙岩样中围压一定时,温度场和流场的耦合作用对流体出口温度影响较大;短边粗糙度相同时,长边粗糙度的增大会强化换热,且不同方向粗糙度主导的相邻岩样换热系数差及幅值比不一样;裂隙表面粗糙度大小对换热效果影响较大,此外,粗糙度的方向性通过控制渗流路径和有效换热面积来改变换热强度,说明粗糙度大小及各向异性在岩石渗流传热中是不可忽略的因素。
In order to investigate systematically convection heat transfer situation between fracture surface features of deep hot dry rock in enhanced geothermal system and work fluid,convective heat transfer experiments with distilled water considering thermophysical properties variations under multi-level flow rates were conducted in single fracture of artificial rocks based on N. Barton?s JRC model and advanced 3 D printing technology,which can achieve that the roughness was set regularly different directions in fracture surface of rocks. The results show that the seepage characteristics of single rock fractures emerge a linear evolution under low-level confining pressure. Osmotic pressures were positively correlated with flow rates and temperatures,and negative correlation with rock roughness. The coupling between temperature field and flow field has a great influence on the fluid outlet temperature under constant confining pressure. Increase of long side roughness will enhance heat transfer in the same roughness of short side and the gap of the heat transfer coefficient and the amplitude ratio of the adjacent rock samples in different direction roughness are different. Roughness value of fracture surface has a great effect on the heat transfer. Furthermore,the directionality of roughness changes the heat transfer intensity by controlling the seepage path and effective heat transfer area,which shows that value and anisotropy of roughness are not negligible factor in the study of rock heat transfer.
In order to investigate systematically convection heat transfer situation between fracture surface features of deep hot dry rock in enhanced geothermal system and work fluid,convective heat transfer experiments with distilled water considering thermophysical properties variations under multi-level flow rates were conducted in single fracture of artificial rocks based on N. Barton?s JRC model and advanced 3 D printing technology,which can achieve that the roughness was set regularly different directions in fracture surface of rocks. The results show that the seepage characteristics of single rock fractures emerge a linear evolution under low-level confining pressure. Osmotic pressures were positively correlated with flow rates and temperatures,and negative correlation with rock roughness. The coupling between temperature field and flow field has a great influence on the fluid outlet temperature under constant confining pressure. Increase of long side roughness will enhance heat transfer in the same roughness of short side and the gap of the heat transfer coefficient and the amplitude ratio of the adjacent rock samples in different direction roughness are different. Roughness value of fracture surface has a great effect on the heat transfer. Furthermore,the directionality of roughness changes the heat transfer intensity by controlling the seepage path and effective heat transfer area,which shows that value and anisotropy of roughness are not negligible factor in the study of rock heat transfer.
引文
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[18]张乐,胥蕊娜,姜培学.花岗岩平滑裂隙内超临界CO2对流换热实验研究[J].工程热物理学报,2016,37(7):1 500-1 505.(ZHANGLe,XU Ruina,JIANG Peixue.experimental research on convection heat transfer of supercritical CO2 in the smooth fracture of granite rock[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2016,37(7):1 500-1 505.(in Chinese))
[19]ZHANG L,JIANG P,WANG Z,et al.Convective heat transfer of supercritical CO2 in a rock fracture for enhanced geothermal systems[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,115:923-936.
[20]LOMIZE G M.Flow in fractured rocks(in Russian)[M].Moscow:Gesemergoizdat,1951:127-129.
[21]MANDELBROT B B,WHEELER J A.The fractal geometry of nature[J].American Journal of Physics,1983,51(3):286-287.
[22]谢和平.岩石节理的分形描述[J].岩土工程学报,1995,17(1):18-23.(XIE Heping.Fractal description of rock joints[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1995,17(1):18-23.(in Chinese))
[23]王刚,黄娜,蒋宇静,等.一种新型粗糙节理面随机强度模型及其应用[J].岩土力学,2014,35(2):497-503.(WANG Gang,HUANG Na,JIANG Yujing,et al.A new stochastic strength model of rough rock joint surfaces and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(2):497-503.(in Chinese))
[24]孙辅庭,佘成学,万利台.新的岩石节理粗糙度指标研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(12):2 513-2 519.(SUN Futing,SHEChengxue,WAN Litai.Research of a new roughness index of rock joint[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(12):2 513-2 519.(in Chinese))
[25]BARTON N,CHOUBEY V.The Shear Strength of Rock Joints in Theory and Practice[J].Rock Mechanics,1977,10(1/2):1-54.
[26]BAI B,HE Y,LI X,et al.Experimental and analytical study of the overall heat transfer coefficient of water flowing through a single fracture in a granite core[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,116:79-90.
[27]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:208-213.(YANG Shiming,TAO Wenquan.Heat transfer[M].Beijing:higher Education Press,2006:208-213.(in Chinese))
[28]BAI B,HE Y,LI X,et al.Local heat transfer characteristics of water flowing through a single fracture within a cylindrical granite specimen[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(22):1 460.
[2]LUND J W,FREESTON D H.World-wide direct uses of geothermal energy 2000[J].Geothermics,2001,30(1):29-68.
[3]李德威,王焰新.干热岩地热能研究与开发的若干重大问题[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2015,40(11):1 858-1 869.(LIDewei,WANG Yanxin.Major issues of research and development of Hot Dry Rock geothermal energy[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2015,40(11):1 858-1 869.(in Chinese))
[4]罗良,曹文炅,蒋方明.增强型地热系统采热的分形分叉网络模型[J].工程热物理学报,2015,36(2):388-392.(LUO Liang,CAOWenjiong,JIANG Fangming.Fractal branch network model of heat extraction in EGS[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2015,36(2):388-392.(in Chinese))
[5]宋阳,吴晓敏,胡珊,等.二氧化碳在干热岩中换热及固化的数值模拟[J].工程热物理学报,2013,34(10):1 902-1 905.(SONGYang,WU Xiaomin,HU Shan,et al.Numerical simulation of heat transfer and sequestration of CO2 in hot dry rock[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2013,34(10):1 902-1 905.(in Chinese))
[6]郭亮亮,张延军,许天福,等.大庆徐家围子不同储层改造的干热岩潜力评估[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2016,46(2):525-535.(GUO Liangliang,ZHANG Yanjun,XU Tianfu,et al.Evaluation of hot dry rock resource potential under different reservoir conditions in Xujiaweizi area,Daqing[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science,2016,46(2):525-535.(in Chinese))
[7]李正伟,张延军,郭亮亮,等.松辽盆地北部干热岩开发水热产出预测[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2015,45(4):1 189-1 197.(LIZhengwei,ZHANG Yanjun,GUO Liangliang,et al.Prediction of hydrothermal production from hot dry rock development in northern Songliao basin[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science,2015,45(4):1 189-1 197.(in Chinese))
[8]杨洲,杨闪,陈雄.干热岩开发中裂隙内流体温度的影响因素分析[J].矿产勘查,2015,6(1):98-101.(YANG Zhou,YANGShan,CHEN Xiong.Analysis of influencing factors of the fissure water temperature of the injection well during development of hot dry rock[J].Mineral Exploration,2015,6(1):98-101.(in Chinese))
[9]MOHAIS R,XU C,DOWD P.Fluid Flow and heat transfer within a single horizontal fracture in an enhanced geothermal system[J].Journal of Heat Transfer,2011,133(112603):1-8.
[10]ZHANG Y J,LI Z W,YU Z W,et al.Evaluation of developing an enhanced geothermal heating system in northeast China:field hydraulic stimulation and heat production forecast[J].Energy and Buildings,2015,88(88):1-14.
[11]JIANG P,LI X,XU R,et al.Heat extraction of novel underground well pattern systems for geothermal energy exploitation[J].Renewable Energy,2016,90:83-94.
[12]赵坚.岩石裂隙中的水流-岩石热传导[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1994,18(2):119-123.(ZHAO Jian.Experimental study of flow-rock heat transfer in rock fractures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1994,18(2):119-123.(in Chinese))
[13]ZHAO Z.On the heat transfer coefficient between rock fracture walls and flowing fluid[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2014,59:105-111.
[14]SHEN S,XU J L,ZHOU J J,et al.Flow and heat transfer in microchannels with rough wall surface[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2006,47(11/12):1 311-1 325.
[15]HE Y,BAI B,HU S,et al.Effects of surface roughness on the heat transfer characteristics of water flow through a single granite fracture[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2016,80:312-321.
[16]HUANG X,ZHU J,LI J,et al,Fluid friction and heat transfer through a single rough fracture in granitic rock under confining pressure[J].International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2016,75(1):78-85.
[17]李正伟.干热岩裂隙渗流-传热试验及储层模拟评价研究[博士学位论文][D].长春:吉林大学,2016.(LI Zhengwei.Research on hot dry rock fracture seepage heat transfer experiment and reservoir modeling evaluation[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Changchun:Jilin University,2016.(in Chinese))
[18]张乐,胥蕊娜,姜培学.花岗岩平滑裂隙内超临界CO2对流换热实验研究[J].工程热物理学报,2016,37(7):1 500-1 505.(ZHANGLe,XU Ruina,JIANG Peixue.experimental research on convection heat transfer of supercritical CO2 in the smooth fracture of granite rock[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2016,37(7):1 500-1 505.(in Chinese))
[19]ZHANG L,JIANG P,WANG Z,et al.Convective heat transfer of supercritical CO2 in a rock fracture for enhanced geothermal systems[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,115:923-936.
[20]LOMIZE G M.Flow in fractured rocks(in Russian)[M].Moscow:Gesemergoizdat,1951:127-129.
[21]MANDELBROT B B,WHEELER J A.The fractal geometry of nature[J].American Journal of Physics,1983,51(3):286-287.
[22]谢和平.岩石节理的分形描述[J].岩土工程学报,1995,17(1):18-23.(XIE Heping.Fractal description of rock joints[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1995,17(1):18-23.(in Chinese))
[23]王刚,黄娜,蒋宇静,等.一种新型粗糙节理面随机强度模型及其应用[J].岩土力学,2014,35(2):497-503.(WANG Gang,HUANG Na,JIANG Yujing,et al.A new stochastic strength model of rough rock joint surfaces and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(2):497-503.(in Chinese))
[24]孙辅庭,佘成学,万利台.新的岩石节理粗糙度指标研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(12):2 513-2 519.(SUN Futing,SHEChengxue,WAN Litai.Research of a new roughness index of rock joint[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(12):2 513-2 519.(in Chinese))
[25]BARTON N,CHOUBEY V.The Shear Strength of Rock Joints in Theory and Practice[J].Rock Mechanics,1977,10(1/2):1-54.
[26]BAI B,HE Y,LI X,et al.Experimental and analytical study of the overall heat transfer coefficient of water flowing through a single fracture in a granite core[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,116:79-90.
[27]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:208-213.(YANG Shiming,TAO Wenquan.Heat transfer[M].Beijing:higher Education Press,2006:208-213.(in Chinese))
[28]BAI B,HE Y,LI X,et al.Local heat transfer characteristics of water flowing through a single fracture within a cylindrical granite specimen[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(22):1 460.