安庆市外环境中H7N9禽流感病毒应急监测分析
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摘要
目的通过对安徽省安庆市人感染H7N9禽流感外环境标本检测,分析外环境中病毒污染情况,研究判断人感染H7N9的风险,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法于2017年1月5日—2月22日,采用完全随机抽样的方法,采集安庆市38家农贸市场、4例确诊人感染H7N9禽流感病例居家禽类相关标本共324份,用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法进行甲型流感病毒通用核酸检测,对阳性标本进一步进行H7N9检测。结果安庆市H7N9禽流感病毒阳性率28.40%,11个县(市、区)中有10个检出H7N9病毒阳性,阳性率90.90%(10/11)。主城区阳性率37.68%(26/69)高于非主城区,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.23,P<0.05);鸡、鸭、鸽子标本中,鸡标本阳性率最高31.75%(80/252),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.57,P<0.05);农贸市场来源的标本阳性率为29.77%(92/309),病例家来源的标本阳性率为0,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.24,P<0.05);不同类型标本中,咽拭子和肛拭子阳性率最高,分别为42.86%(9/21)和40.00%(2/5),其次为饮水和污水;发生人感染病例前外环境标本阳性率38.71%(12/31)高于发生后,但2者间的差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.79,P>0.05)。结论安庆市农贸市场存在H7N9禽流感病毒污染。
Objective To explore external environment contamination and human infection risk of avian influenza A(H7 N9) virus in Anqing municipality of Anhui province and to provide evidences for developing relevant prevention and control measures. Methods Using random sampling, we collected 324 poultry-related specimens at 38 farmers' markets and4 houses of patients diagnosed with avian influenza A(H7 N9) virus infection in Anqing mucicipality between 5 th January and 22 nd February, 2017. We detected common nucleic acids of influenza A with real-time fluorescent quantitative(RT-PCR) for all the specimens and avian influenza A(H7 N9) specific nucleic acids for all influenza A virus positive specimens. Results The positive rate of H7 N9 virus nucleic acid was 28.40% for all the specimens. Positive specimens were detected in 90.90%(10/11) of the sampling regions(county or district) of the municipality. The positive rate of specimens collected in main urban areas was significantly higher than that of specimens collected in other urban areas(χ2 = 9.23, P <0.05). The positive rate of chicken-related specimens was 37.68% and significantly higher than that of duck-and pigeonrelated specimens(χ2 = 6.57, P < 0.05). The positive rate for specimens sampled at poultry markets was 29.21%, while no positive specimens were detected for the specimens sampled in the houses of H7 N9 virus infected patients, with a significant difference(χ2 = 6.24, P < 0.05). For the ten types of specimens, the positive rates were the highest(42.86% and 40.00%) for poultry throat and anal swabs, followed by drinking water and sewage samples. Nonsignificant higher positive rate was detected for external environment specimens collected at houses of the H7 N9 virus infected patients before the infection incidence compared to those after the infection(χ2 = 1.79, P > 0.05). Conclusion Avian influenza A(H7 N9) virus contamination existed in poultry markets of Anqing municipality.
Objective To explore external environment contamination and human infection risk of avian influenza A(H7 N9) virus in Anqing municipality of Anhui province and to provide evidences for developing relevant prevention and control measures. Methods Using random sampling, we collected 324 poultry-related specimens at 38 farmers' markets and4 houses of patients diagnosed with avian influenza A(H7 N9) virus infection in Anqing mucicipality between 5 th January and 22 nd February, 2017. We detected common nucleic acids of influenza A with real-time fluorescent quantitative(RT-PCR) for all the specimens and avian influenza A(H7 N9) specific nucleic acids for all influenza A virus positive specimens. Results The positive rate of H7 N9 virus nucleic acid was 28.40% for all the specimens. Positive specimens were detected in 90.90%(10/11) of the sampling regions(county or district) of the municipality. The positive rate of specimens collected in main urban areas was significantly higher than that of specimens collected in other urban areas(χ2 = 9.23, P <0.05). The positive rate of chicken-related specimens was 37.68% and significantly higher than that of duck-and pigeonrelated specimens(χ2 = 6.57, P < 0.05). The positive rate for specimens sampled at poultry markets was 29.21%, while no positive specimens were detected for the specimens sampled in the houses of H7 N9 virus infected patients, with a significant difference(χ2 = 6.24, P < 0.05). For the ten types of specimens, the positive rates were the highest(42.86% and 40.00%) for poultry throat and anal swabs, followed by drinking water and sewage samples. Nonsignificant higher positive rate was detected for external environment specimens collected at houses of the H7 N9 virus infected patients before the infection incidence compared to those after the infection(χ2 = 1.79, P > 0.05). Conclusion Avian influenza A(H7 N9) virus contamination existed in poultry markets of Anqing municipality.
引文
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[13]邓立权,范明,黄飚,等.吉林省活禽市场外环境禽流感污染情况调查[J].中国公共卫生,2017,33(3):493-495.
[14]曹蓝,陈艺韵,鲁恩洁,等.2015年广州市3 447份外环境标本高致病性禽流感病毒监测结果分析[J].现代预防医学,2016,43(32):4402-4404.
[15]张烨,李晓丹,邹淑梅,等.2009-2013年我国活禽市场环境样本中禽流感病毒的检测[J].病毒学报,2015,31(6):615-619.
[16]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.人感染H7N9禽流感诊疗方案(2017年第1版)[S].2017.
[17]Liu D,Shi W,Shi Y,et al.Origin and diversity of novel avian influenza A H7N9 viruses causing human infection:phylogenetic,structural,and coalescent analyses[J].Lancet,2013,381(9881):1926-1932.
[2]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.人感染H7N9禽流感防控方案(第3版)[S].2014.
[3]刘大维.我国H7N9禽流感病毒血凝素和神经氨酸酶基因的分子进化分析[J].中国当代医药,2016,23(30):179-182.
[4]章国宝,应丽红,章小雨,等.浙江省缙云县H7N9禽流感外环境标本检测结果分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2015,25(16):2783-2785.
[5]李伟强,李功理,冯嘉韵,等.广州市番禺区人感染H7N9禽流感流行病学和外环境监测[J].热带医学杂志,2016,16(12):1571-1573.
[6]陈茂余,杨玉芳,梁均和,等.广东省江门市H7N9禽流感外环境监测及人感染H7N9禽流感流行趋势研究[J].疾病监测,2016,31(10):847-850.
[7]陈恩富,柴程良,孙继民,等.浙江省人感染H7N9禽流感流行特征与防控对策[J].中国公共卫生,2013,29(5):625-627.
[8]刘静雯,刘慧,陆剑云,等.广州市2013-2015年人感染H7N9禽流感外环境监测结果分析[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(10):1382-1386.
[9]严文靖,曾晓旭,刘晓青,等.环鄱阳湖地区禽流感病毒外环境监测研究[J].热带病与寄生虫学,2016,14(1):10-12.
[10]Li J,Chen J,Yang G,et al.Case-control study of risk factors for human infection w ith avian influenza A(H7N9)virus in Shanghai,China,2013[J].Epidemiol Infect,2015,143(9):1826-1832.
[11]韩明锋,冉献贵,赵凤德,等.国内102例人感染H7N9禽流感特点初步分析[J].传染病信息,2013,26(2):68-81.
[12]袁俊,狄飚,马晓薇,等.广州市人感染H7N9禽流感快速风险评估[J].中华流行病学杂志,2013,34(5):488-490.
[13]邓立权,范明,黄飚,等.吉林省活禽市场外环境禽流感污染情况调查[J].中国公共卫生,2017,33(3):493-495.
[14]曹蓝,陈艺韵,鲁恩洁,等.2015年广州市3 447份外环境标本高致病性禽流感病毒监测结果分析[J].现代预防医学,2016,43(32):4402-4404.
[15]张烨,李晓丹,邹淑梅,等.2009-2013年我国活禽市场环境样本中禽流感病毒的检测[J].病毒学报,2015,31(6):615-619.
[16]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.人感染H7N9禽流感诊疗方案(2017年第1版)[S].2017.
[17]Liu D,Shi W,Shi Y,et al.Origin and diversity of novel avian influenza A H7N9 viruses causing human infection:phylogenetic,structural,and coalescent analyses[J].Lancet,2013,381(9881):1926-1932.