残疾人教育扶贫的机制与对策研究
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摘要
扶贫先扶智,教育扶贫是残疾人扶贫工作的重要手段。教育不仅能够提升残疾人的人力资本,还能够切断贫困代际传递的链条,从而产生扶贫的长效机制。改革开放以来,我国出台了一系列保障残疾人受教育权、推动残疾人教育事业发展的政策,残疾人教育水平有了很大提高,这是残疾人贫困发生率大幅下降的主要动因之一。但是,当前残疾人教育扶贫过程中还存在不充分、不平衡的主要矛盾。为此,应该采取多种措施,包括提高对残疾人教育扶贫的认识,强调各项政策法规的协调性和实效性,发挥特殊教育在扶贫中的重要作用,提高残疾人教育质量,拓展残疾人教育扶贫资金渠道等,不断提高残疾人教育扶贫的效果。
Poverty alleviation is first aided by wisdom, and poverty alleviation through education is an important means of poverty alleviation for people with disabilities. Education will not only improve the human capital of disabled people, but also cut off the chain of intergenerational transmission of poverty, thus creating a long-term mechanism for poverty alleviation. Since the reform and opening up, China has introduced a series of policies that safeguard the right of disabled persons to receive education and promote the development of education for disabled persons. The education level of disabled people has been greatly improved. This is one of the major agents of the sharp decline in the incidence of poverty in persons with disabilities. However, it is also necessary to recognize the main contradiction of inadequacy and imbalance in the current process of poverty alleviation for disabled persons through education. To this end, various measures should be adopted, including raising the awareness of poverty alleviation through education for people with disabilities, emphasizing the coordination and effectiveness of various policies and regulations, making full use of special education in poverty alleviation, improving the quality of education for people with disabilities, and expanding the poverty alleviation fund channels for education of people with disabilities to continuously improve the effectiveness of poverty alleviation for disabled persons through education.
Poverty alleviation is first aided by wisdom, and poverty alleviation through education is an important means of poverty alleviation for people with disabilities. Education will not only improve the human capital of disabled people, but also cut off the chain of intergenerational transmission of poverty, thus creating a long-term mechanism for poverty alleviation. Since the reform and opening up, China has introduced a series of policies that safeguard the right of disabled persons to receive education and promote the development of education for disabled persons. The education level of disabled people has been greatly improved. This is one of the major agents of the sharp decline in the incidence of poverty in persons with disabilities. However, it is also necessary to recognize the main contradiction of inadequacy and imbalance in the current process of poverty alleviation for disabled persons through education. To this end, various measures should be adopted, including raising the awareness of poverty alleviation through education for people with disabilities, emphasizing the coordination and effectiveness of various policies and regulations, making full use of special education in poverty alleviation, improving the quality of education for people with disabilities, and expanding the poverty alleviation fund channels for education of people with disabilities to continuously improve the effectiveness of poverty alleviation for disabled persons through education.
引文
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[2] 郭熙保,周强.长期多维贫困、不平等与致贫因素[J].经济研究,2016(6):143-156.
[3] ALKIRE S,FOSTER J.Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement[J].Journal of Public Economics,2011,95(7):476-487.
[4] 廖娟.残疾与贫困:基于收入贫困和多维贫困测量的研究[J].人口与发展,2015,21(1):68-77.
[5] 解垩.残疾与劳动力市场——中国城镇男性的证据[J].管理世界,2011(4):37-45.
[6] ROMER,PAUL M.Increasing returns and long-run growth[J].Journal of Political Economy,1986,94(5):1002-1037.
[7] 李实,李文彬.中国教育投资的个人收益率的估计[M] //赵人伟,李实.中国居民收入分配研究.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1994:53-56.
[8] 赖德胜.教育扩展与收入不平等[J].经济研究,1997(10):46-53.
[9] 李春玲.文化水平如何影响人们的经济收入——对目前教育的经济收益率的考查[J].社会学研究,2003(3):64-76.
[10] 邓峰,丁小浩.中国教育收益率的长期变动趋势分析[J].统计研究,2013,30(7):39-47.
[11] 罗楚亮.城镇居民教育收益率及其分布特征[J].经济研究,2007(6):119-130.
[12] CURRIE J,MORETTI E.Mother’s education and the intergenerational transmission of human capital:evidence from college openings[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,2003,118(4):1495-1532.