保水剂与氮肥对麻竹抗性生理特性的影响
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摘要
为探讨水分和养分管理在沿海防护竹林应用以及优势竹种引种栽培的问题提供理论依据,研究保水剂和氮肥不同用量配合施用对麻竹叶片逆境抗性生理的影响。以两年生麻竹(Dendrocalamus latiflorus)为试验材料,配施不同剂量的保水剂(30、60、90 g/丛,代号为A1、A2、A3)和氮肥(200、400、600 g/丛,代号为B1、B2、B3),在笋期(7、8和9月),测定其叶片中叶绿素、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)、电解质渗透率、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)。并通过相关性分析、主成分分析和隶属函数法对不同保水处理进行综合评价及排序。研究结果表明,在保水剂与氮肥处理下,麻竹叶片中叶绿素、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量、SOD和POD活性均高于CK(对照);MDA含量和电解质渗透率均低于CK(对照),不同处理效果不同。在笋期(7、8和9月)中,麻竹叶片中叶绿素含量变化差异小,脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量、SOD和POD活性均在8月最低,MDA含量和电解质渗透率均在8月最高。各处理效果综合排序为:A3B3>A2B3>A1B2>A3B2>A3B1>A2B1>A1B1>A1B3>A2B2>CK(对照)。
Different dosage of super absorbent polymers(SAP) and nitrogen fertilizer were studied in coastal protected bamboo forests to identify the stress resistance physiology of bamboo leaf. Super absorbent polymers(SAP)(30, 60, 90 g/plexus) and nitrogen(200, 400, 600 g/plexus) were applied to the bamboo shoots of two-year old Dendrocalamus latiflorus(July, August, and September). The variation in photosynthetic pigments, biochemical attributes(proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugar), and antioxidant enzymes(malondialdehyde(MDA), electrolyte penetration rate, superoxide dismutase(SOD), and peroxidase(POD) were determined. The results revealed that the photosynthetic pigments, proline, soluble protein, soluble sugar, and activity of SOD and POD were higher in different dosage of SAP and nitrogen fertilizer compared to CK, whereas MDA content and electrolyte penetration rate were both lower in different treatments than CK. During growing season(July, August, and September), concentrations of photosynthetic pigments varied little, while the contents of proline, soluble protein, soluble sugar, and the activities of SOD and POD were minimum in August. On the contrary, MDA content and electrolyte penetration rate were higher in August. The order of super absorbent polymers(SAP) and nitrogen fertilizer mixture treatments: A3B3>A2B3>A1B2>A3B2>A3B1>A2B1> A1B1>A1B3>A2B2>CK.
Different dosage of super absorbent polymers(SAP) and nitrogen fertilizer were studied in coastal protected bamboo forests to identify the stress resistance physiology of bamboo leaf. Super absorbent polymers(SAP)(30, 60, 90 g/plexus) and nitrogen(200, 400, 600 g/plexus) were applied to the bamboo shoots of two-year old Dendrocalamus latiflorus(July, August, and September). The variation in photosynthetic pigments, biochemical attributes(proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugar), and antioxidant enzymes(malondialdehyde(MDA), electrolyte penetration rate, superoxide dismutase(SOD), and peroxidase(POD) were determined. The results revealed that the photosynthetic pigments, proline, soluble protein, soluble sugar, and activity of SOD and POD were higher in different dosage of SAP and nitrogen fertilizer compared to CK, whereas MDA content and electrolyte penetration rate were both lower in different treatments than CK. During growing season(July, August, and September), concentrations of photosynthetic pigments varied little, while the contents of proline, soluble protein, soluble sugar, and the activities of SOD and POD were minimum in August. On the contrary, MDA content and electrolyte penetration rate were higher in August. The order of super absorbent polymers(SAP) and nitrogen fertilizer mixture treatments: A3B3>A2B3>A1B2>A3B2>A3B1>A2B1> A1B1>A1B3>A2B2>CK.
引文
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[9]徐露,张丹,青会,等.保水剂结合黑麦草绿肥对烟田土壤的改良效应及烤烟品质的影响[J].山地学报,2017,35(5):727-733.
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[13]玉苏甫·阿不力提甫,阿依古丽·铁木儿,帕提曼·阿布都热合曼,等.利用隶属函数法综合评价梨砧木抗寒性[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(3):121-129.
[14]庞海颖,赵雄伟,任士福,等.施用保水剂对仁用杏光合特性的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2018(2):67-72.
[15]杨永辉,吴普特,武继承,等.冬小麦光合特征及叶绿素含量对保水剂和氮肥的响应[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(1):79-85.
[16]邵怡若,许建新,薛立,等.低温胁迫时间对4种幼苗生理生化及光合特性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(14):4237-4247.
[17]李柯妮,王康才,牛灵慧,等.保水技术对干旱胁迫下桔梗种子萌发及幼苗生长和生理特征的影响[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(11):2280-2289.
[18]李佳,刘立云,李艳,等.保水剂对干旱胁迫槟榔幼苗生理特征的影响[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(1):104-108.
[19]余红英,邓世媛,尹艳,等.保水剂对水分胁迫下超甜玉米生理生化性状的影响[J].玉米科学,2006,14(3):87-89.
[20]苏文锋,苏振声,林玲玲,等.干旱胁迫下抗蒸腾剂对叶子花生理特性的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2015,27(12):2122-2128.
[21]马彦茹,湘琳,葛春辉,等.干旱胁迫条件下施用保水剂对棉花植株生理生化的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(2):277-282.
[22]郝舒雪,曹红霞,王虎兵,等.水分胁迫对番茄幼苗生理特性的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2018,36(10):943-947.
[23]王红梅,包维楷,李芳兰,等.不同干旱胁迫强度下白刺花幼苗叶片的生理生化反应[J].应用与环境生物学报,2008,14(6):757-762.
[24]孙映波,尤毅,朱根发,等.干旱胁迫对文心兰抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(11):1675-1680.
[25]Jiang Y W,Huang B G.Drought and heat stress injury to two cool-season turfgrasses in relation to antioxidant metabolism and lipid peroxidation[J].Crop Science,2001,41(2):436-442.
[26]杨杰,曹昀,王秀文,等.保水剂对高羊茅种子萌发及幼苗生理的影响[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(1):351-356.
[27]唐兵,李庆平,龙伟,等.植物生长抑制剂对烤烟烟苗生理主成分的影响分析[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2013,45(2):92-96.
[28]Finér L,Ohashi M,Noguchi K,et al.Factors causing variation in fine root biomass in forest ecosystems[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2011,261(2):265-277.
[29]王晓娇,蒙美莲,曹春梅,等.水分胁迫对马铃薯出苗期根系生理特性及内源激素IAA、ABA含量的影响[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2018,50(2):103-109.
[30]李兴,蒋进,宋春武,等.保水剂对梭梭幼苗生长及根系形态的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(6):51-56.
[31]李中阳,吕谋超,樊向阳,等.不同类型保水剂对冬小麦水分利用效率和根系形态的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3753-3758.
[32]井大炜,邢尚军,刘方春,等.保水剂施用方式对侧柏根际微生态环境的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):146-154.
[33]井大炜,邢尚军,刘方春,等.保水剂-尿素凝胶对侧柏裸根苗细根生长和氮素利用率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1046-1052.
[2]张梅,郑郁善,陈礼光.滨海沙地竹子引种试验初报[J].西南林学院学报,2007,27(1):48-50.
[3]洪有为.沿海沙地引种麻竹等6个竹种抗风抗盐抗旱的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2005.
[4]林爱玉.沿海沙地竹子和木麻黄林防风固沙性能的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.
[5]周本智.麻竹出笋和高生长规律的研究[J].林业科学研究,1999,12(5):461-466.
[6]Mohammad J,Zohuriaan M,Kourosh K.Super absorbent Polymer Materials:A Review[J].Iranian Polymer Journal,2008,17(6):451-477.
[7]李倩,巴图,李玉龙,等.保水剂施用方式对土壤含水量和微生物生物量及马铃薯产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(10):1453-1460.
[8]宋双双,孙保平,张建锋.保水剂和微生物菌肥对半干旱区造林和土壤改良的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(3):334-339.
[9]徐露,张丹,青会,等.保水剂结合黑麦草绿肥对烟田土壤的改良效应及烤烟品质的影响[J].山地学报,2017,35(5):727-733.
[10]高天鹏,郭睿,王东,等.保水剂与钾肥对旱地马铃薯产量和叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(5):1221-1226.
[11]章桂芝.沿海沙地竹林施肥效应与经营管理措施研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2014:16.
[12]高俊凤.植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:76.
[13]玉苏甫·阿不力提甫,阿依古丽·铁木儿,帕提曼·阿布都热合曼,等.利用隶属函数法综合评价梨砧木抗寒性[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(3):121-129.
[14]庞海颖,赵雄伟,任士福,等.施用保水剂对仁用杏光合特性的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2018(2):67-72.
[15]杨永辉,吴普特,武继承,等.冬小麦光合特征及叶绿素含量对保水剂和氮肥的响应[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(1):79-85.
[16]邵怡若,许建新,薛立,等.低温胁迫时间对4种幼苗生理生化及光合特性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(14):4237-4247.
[17]李柯妮,王康才,牛灵慧,等.保水技术对干旱胁迫下桔梗种子萌发及幼苗生长和生理特征的影响[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(11):2280-2289.
[18]李佳,刘立云,李艳,等.保水剂对干旱胁迫槟榔幼苗生理特征的影响[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(1):104-108.
[19]余红英,邓世媛,尹艳,等.保水剂对水分胁迫下超甜玉米生理生化性状的影响[J].玉米科学,2006,14(3):87-89.
[20]苏文锋,苏振声,林玲玲,等.干旱胁迫下抗蒸腾剂对叶子花生理特性的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2015,27(12):2122-2128.
[21]马彦茹,湘琳,葛春辉,等.干旱胁迫条件下施用保水剂对棉花植株生理生化的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(2):277-282.
[22]郝舒雪,曹红霞,王虎兵,等.水分胁迫对番茄幼苗生理特性的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2018,36(10):943-947.
[23]王红梅,包维楷,李芳兰,等.不同干旱胁迫强度下白刺花幼苗叶片的生理生化反应[J].应用与环境生物学报,2008,14(6):757-762.
[24]孙映波,尤毅,朱根发,等.干旱胁迫对文心兰抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(11):1675-1680.
[25]Jiang Y W,Huang B G.Drought and heat stress injury to two cool-season turfgrasses in relation to antioxidant metabolism and lipid peroxidation[J].Crop Science,2001,41(2):436-442.
[26]杨杰,曹昀,王秀文,等.保水剂对高羊茅种子萌发及幼苗生理的影响[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(1):351-356.
[27]唐兵,李庆平,龙伟,等.植物生长抑制剂对烤烟烟苗生理主成分的影响分析[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2013,45(2):92-96.
[28]Finér L,Ohashi M,Noguchi K,et al.Factors causing variation in fine root biomass in forest ecosystems[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2011,261(2):265-277.
[29]王晓娇,蒙美莲,曹春梅,等.水分胁迫对马铃薯出苗期根系生理特性及内源激素IAA、ABA含量的影响[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2018,50(2):103-109.
[30]李兴,蒋进,宋春武,等.保水剂对梭梭幼苗生长及根系形态的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(6):51-56.
[31]李中阳,吕谋超,樊向阳,等.不同类型保水剂对冬小麦水分利用效率和根系形态的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3753-3758.
[32]井大炜,邢尚军,刘方春,等.保水剂施用方式对侧柏根际微生态环境的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):146-154.
[33]井大炜,邢尚军,刘方春,等.保水剂-尿素凝胶对侧柏裸根苗细根生长和氮素利用率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1046-1052.