Effects of a New-Type Cleaning Agent and a Plant Growth Regulator on Phytoextraction of Cadmium from a Contaminated Soil
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摘要
In China, great efforts are being made to remediate farmlands polluted by heavy metals. In this study, a soil pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of a new-type cleaning agent, methylglycinediacetic acid(MGDA), and a plant growth regulator(PGR), diethl aminoethyl hexanoate(DA-6), on plant growth and extraction and detoxification of cadmium(Cd) by ryegrass. The results showed that foliar spray of DA-6 alone improved plant growth, with root length and shoot dry biomass increased by 38.5%–58.6% and 71.1%–89.3%, respectively, whereas addition of MGDA alone decreased root length and shoot dry biomass by 10.3%–18.6%and 9.1%–21.8%, respectively. Diethl aminoethyl hexanoate promoted the binding of Cd to cell walls and thus alleviated the toxicity of Cd and/or MGDA to plants. Applications of DA-6 and/or MGDA resulted in a significant increase in Cd extraction efficiency(P < 0.05), and the efficiency decreased in the order of MGDA + DA-6 > DA-6 > MGDA. The treatment of MGDA + DA-6 achieved 2.2%, 1.7%, and 0.8% Cd extraction efficiency by ryegrass in soils spiked with 25, 50, 100 mg Cd kg~(-1), respectively. Therefore,treatment of MGDA + DA-6 could be an efficient method for enhancing phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil by ryegrass.
In China, great efforts are being made to remediate farmlands polluted by heavy metals. In this study, a soil pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of a new-type cleaning agent, methylglycinediacetic acid(MGDA), and a plant growth regulator(PGR), diethl aminoethyl hexanoate(DA-6), on plant growth and extraction and detoxification of cadmium(Cd) by ryegrass. The results showed that foliar spray of DA-6 alone improved plant growth, with root length and shoot dry biomass increased by 38.5%–58.6% and 71.1%–89.3%, respectively, whereas addition of MGDA alone decreased root length and shoot dry biomass by 10.3%–18.6%and 9.1%–21.8%, respectively. Diethl aminoethyl hexanoate promoted the binding of Cd to cell walls and thus alleviated the toxicity of Cd and/or MGDA to plants. Applications of DA-6 and/or MGDA resulted in a significant increase in Cd extraction efficiency(P < 0.05), and the efficiency decreased in the order of MGDA + DA-6 > DA-6 > MGDA. The treatment of MGDA + DA-6 achieved 2.2%, 1.7%, and 0.8% Cd extraction efficiency by ryegrass in soils spiked with 25, 50, 100 mg Cd kg~(-1), respectively. Therefore,treatment of MGDA + DA-6 could be an efficient method for enhancing phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil by ryegrass.
In China, great efforts are being made to remediate farmlands polluted by heavy metals. In this study, a soil pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of a new-type cleaning agent, methylglycinediacetic acid(MGDA), and a plant growth regulator(PGR), diethl aminoethyl hexanoate(DA-6), on plant growth and extraction and detoxification of cadmium(Cd) by ryegrass. The results showed that foliar spray of DA-6 alone improved plant growth, with root length and shoot dry biomass increased by 38.5%–58.6% and 71.1%–89.3%, respectively, whereas addition of MGDA alone decreased root length and shoot dry biomass by 10.3%–18.6%and 9.1%–21.8%, respectively. Diethl aminoethyl hexanoate promoted the binding of Cd to cell walls and thus alleviated the toxicity of Cd and/or MGDA to plants. Applications of DA-6 and/or MGDA resulted in a significant increase in Cd extraction efficiency(P < 0.05), and the efficiency decreased in the order of MGDA + DA-6 > DA-6 > MGDA. The treatment of MGDA + DA-6 achieved 2.2%, 1.7%, and 0.8% Cd extraction efficiency by ryegrass in soils spiked with 25, 50, 100 mg Cd kg~(-1), respectively. Therefore,treatment of MGDA + DA-6 could be an efficient method for enhancing phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil by ryegrass.
引文
Aderholt M,Vogelien D L,Koether M,Greipsson S.2017.Phytoextraction of contaminated urban soils by Panicum virgatum L.enhanced with application of a plant growth regulator(BAP)and citric acid.Chemosphere.175:85-96.
Bao S D.2000.Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis(in Chinese).3rd Edn.China Agriculture Press,Beijing.
Bhargava A,Carmona F F,Bhargava M,Srivastava S.2012.Approaches for enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals.JEnviron Manage.105:103-120.
Cao A,Carucci A,Lai T,La Colla P,Tamburini E.2007.Effect of biodegradable chelating agents on heavy metals phytoextraction with Mirabilis jalapa and on its associated bacteria.Eur J Soil Biol.43:200-206.
Cassina L,Tassi E,Morelli E,Giorgetti L,Remorini D,Chaney R L,Barbafieri M.2011.Exogenous cytokinin treatments of an Ni hyper-accumulator,Alyssum murale,grown in a serpentine soil:Implications for phytoextraction.Int J Phytoremediation.13:90-101.
Cassina L,Tassi E,Pedron F,Petruzzelli G,Ambrosini P,Barbafieri M.2012.Using a plant hormone and a thioligand to improve phytoremediation of Hg-contaminated soil from a petrochemical plant.J Hazard Mater.231-232:36-42.
Cui J H,Liu T X,Li F B,Yi J C,Liu C P,Yu H Y.2017.Silica nanoparticles alleviate cadmium toxicity in rice cells:Mechanisms and size effects.Environ Pollut.228:363-369.
Du R J,He E K,Tang Y T,Hu P J,Ying R R,Morel J L,Qiu R L.2011.How phytohormone IAA and chelator EDTAaffect lead uptake by Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator Picris divaricata.Int J Phytoremediation.13:1024-1036.
Firdaus-e-Bareen,Shafiq M,Jamil S.2012.Role of plant growth regulators and a saprobic fungus in enhancement of metal phytoextraction potential and stress alleviation in pearl millet.J Hazard Mater.237-238:186-193.
Fu X P,Dou C M,Chen Y X,Chen X C,Shi J Y,Yu M G,Xu J.2011.Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Phytolacca americana L.J Hazard Mater.186:103-107.
Glinka Z.1980.Abscisic acid promotes both volume flow and ion release to the xylem in sunflower roots.Plant Physiol.65:537-540.
Gonz′alez I,Cortes A,Neaman A,Rubio P.2011.Biodegradable chelate enhances the phytoextraction of copper by Oenothera picensis grown in copper-contaminated acid soils.Chemosphere.84:490-496.
Hadi F,Bano A,Fuller M P.2010.The improved phytoextraction of lead(Pb)and the growth of maize(Zea mays L.):The role of plant growth regulators(GA3 and IAA)and EDTAalone and in combinations.Chemosphere.80:457-462.
He S Y,He Z L,Wu Q L,Wang L,Zhang X.2015a.Effects of GA3 on plant physiological properties,extraction,subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Pb in Lolium perenne.Int J Phytoremediation.17:1153-1159.
He S Y,He Z L,Yang X E,Stoffella P J,Baligar V C.2015b.Soil biogeochemistry,plant physiology,and phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soils.Adv Agron.134:135-225.
He S Y,Wu Q L,He Z L.2013.Effect of DA-6 and EDTAalone or in combination on uptake,subcellular distribution and chemical form of Pb in Lolium perenne.Chemosphere.93:2782-2788.
He S Y,Wu Q L,He Z L.2014.Synergetic effects of DA-6/GA3with EDTA on plant growth,extraction and detoxification of Cd by Lolium perenne.Chemosphere.117:132-138.
He S Y,Wu Q L,He Z L.2015c.Growth-promoting hormone DA-6 assists phytoextraction and detoxification of Cd by ryegrass.Int J Phytoremediation.17:597-603.
Khan A G,Kuek C,Chaudhry T M,Khoo C S,Hayes WJ.2000.Role of plants,mycorrhizae and phytochelators in heavy metal contaminated land remediation.Chemosphere.41:197-207.
L′opez M L,Peralta-Videa J R,Benitez T,Gardea-Torresdey JL.2005.Enhancement of lead uptake by alfalfa(Medicago sativa)using EDTA and a plant growth promoter.Chemosphere.61:595-598.
Neugschwandtner R W,Tlustos P,Kom′arek M,Sz′akov′a J.2008.Phytoextraction of Pb and Cd from a contaminated agricultural soil using different EDTA application regimes:Laboratory versus field scale measures of efficiency.Geoderma.144:446-454.
Phang I C,Leung D W M,Taylor H H,Burritt D J.2011.Correlation of growth inhibition with accumulation of Pb in cell wall and changes in response to oxidative stress in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings.Plant Growth Regul.64:17-25.
Pozo M J,L′opez-R′aez J A,Azc′on-Aguilar C,Garc′?a-Garrido JM.2015.Phytohormones as integrators of environmental signals in the regulation of mycorrhizal symbioses.New Phytol.205:1431-1436.
Rainer D.2014.MGDA-the innovative choice to meet the sustainable cleaning solution.Chin Clean Ind(in Chinese).7:48-53.
Robinson B H,Brooks R R,Howes A W,Kirkman J H,Gregg P E H.1997.The potential of the high-biomass nickel hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii for phytoremediation and phytomining.J Geochem Explor.60:115-126.
Salt D E,Prince R C,Pickering I J.2002.Chemical speciation of accumulated metals in plants:Evidence from X-ray absorption spectroscopy.Microchem J.71:255-259.
Tamura H,Honda M,Sato T,Kamachi H.2005.Pb hyperaccumulation and tolerance in common buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench).J Plant Res.118:355-359.
Tassi E,Pouget J,Petruzzelli G,Barbafieri M.2008.The effects of exogenous plant growth regulators in the phytoextraction of heavy metals.Chemosphere.71:66-73.
Uraguchi S,Fujiwara T.2013.Rice breaks ground for cadmiumfree cereals.Curr Opin Plant Biol.16:328-334.
Wang F J,Wang M,Liu Z P,Shi Y,Han T Q,Ye Y Y,Gong N,Sun J W,Zhu C.2015.Different responses of low grain-Cdaccumulating and high grain-Cd-accumulating rice cultivars to Cd stress.Plant physiol Biochem.96:261-269.
Wang J L,Yuan J G,Yang Z Y,Huang B F,Zhou Y H,Xin J L,Gong Y L,Yu H.2009.Variation in cadmium accumulation among 30 cultivars and cadmium subcellular distribution in 2 selected cultivars of water spinach(Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.).J Agric Food Chem.57:8942-8949.
Wang X,Liu Y G,Zeng G M,Chai L Y,Song X C,Min Z Y,Xiao X.2008.Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Bechmeria nivea(L.)Gaud.Environ Exp Bot.62:389-395.
Wang X K,Huang J L.2015.Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Experiments(in Chinese).3rd Edn.Higher Education Press,Beijing.
Wang Y P,Huang J,Gao Y Z.2012.Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization alters subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Medicago sativa L.and resists cadmium toxicity.PLoS ONE.7:e48669.
Wu F B,Dong J,Qian Q Q,Zhang G P.2005.Subcellular distribution and chemical form of Cd and Cd-Zn interaction in different barley genotypes.Chemosphere.60:1437-1446.
Yang J R,He J Q,Zhang G X,Mao X Q.1995.Tolerance mechanism of crops to Cd pollution.Chin J Appl Ecol(in Chinese).6:87-91.
Zhang H Y,Xie L Q,Xu P J,Jiang S R.2008.Dissipation of the plant growth regulator hexanoic acid 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester in pakchoi and soil.Int J Environ Anal Chem.88:561-569.
Zhao Y,Peralta-Videa J R,Lopez-Moreno M L,Ren M H,Saupe G,Gardea-Torresdey J L.2011.Kinetin increases chromium absorption,modulates its distribution,and changes the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in Mexican Palo Verde.Environ Sci Technol.45:1082-1087.
Zhou T,Hu Y J,Zhou X M,Wang P,Guo J X.2004.Effect of DA-6 on seedling photosynthesis and growth of wild barley Hordeum brevisubulatum.Pratacul Sci(in Chinese).21:31-34.
Bao S D.2000.Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis(in Chinese).3rd Edn.China Agriculture Press,Beijing.
Bhargava A,Carmona F F,Bhargava M,Srivastava S.2012.Approaches for enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals.JEnviron Manage.105:103-120.
Cao A,Carucci A,Lai T,La Colla P,Tamburini E.2007.Effect of biodegradable chelating agents on heavy metals phytoextraction with Mirabilis jalapa and on its associated bacteria.Eur J Soil Biol.43:200-206.
Cassina L,Tassi E,Morelli E,Giorgetti L,Remorini D,Chaney R L,Barbafieri M.2011.Exogenous cytokinin treatments of an Ni hyper-accumulator,Alyssum murale,grown in a serpentine soil:Implications for phytoextraction.Int J Phytoremediation.13:90-101.
Cassina L,Tassi E,Pedron F,Petruzzelli G,Ambrosini P,Barbafieri M.2012.Using a plant hormone and a thioligand to improve phytoremediation of Hg-contaminated soil from a petrochemical plant.J Hazard Mater.231-232:36-42.
Cui J H,Liu T X,Li F B,Yi J C,Liu C P,Yu H Y.2017.Silica nanoparticles alleviate cadmium toxicity in rice cells:Mechanisms and size effects.Environ Pollut.228:363-369.
Du R J,He E K,Tang Y T,Hu P J,Ying R R,Morel J L,Qiu R L.2011.How phytohormone IAA and chelator EDTAaffect lead uptake by Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator Picris divaricata.Int J Phytoremediation.13:1024-1036.
Firdaus-e-Bareen,Shafiq M,Jamil S.2012.Role of plant growth regulators and a saprobic fungus in enhancement of metal phytoextraction potential and stress alleviation in pearl millet.J Hazard Mater.237-238:186-193.
Fu X P,Dou C M,Chen Y X,Chen X C,Shi J Y,Yu M G,Xu J.2011.Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Phytolacca americana L.J Hazard Mater.186:103-107.
Glinka Z.1980.Abscisic acid promotes both volume flow and ion release to the xylem in sunflower roots.Plant Physiol.65:537-540.
Gonz′alez I,Cortes A,Neaman A,Rubio P.2011.Biodegradable chelate enhances the phytoextraction of copper by Oenothera picensis grown in copper-contaminated acid soils.Chemosphere.84:490-496.
Hadi F,Bano A,Fuller M P.2010.The improved phytoextraction of lead(Pb)and the growth of maize(Zea mays L.):The role of plant growth regulators(GA3 and IAA)and EDTAalone and in combinations.Chemosphere.80:457-462.
He S Y,He Z L,Wu Q L,Wang L,Zhang X.2015a.Effects of GA3 on plant physiological properties,extraction,subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Pb in Lolium perenne.Int J Phytoremediation.17:1153-1159.
He S Y,He Z L,Yang X E,Stoffella P J,Baligar V C.2015b.Soil biogeochemistry,plant physiology,and phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soils.Adv Agron.134:135-225.
He S Y,Wu Q L,He Z L.2013.Effect of DA-6 and EDTAalone or in combination on uptake,subcellular distribution and chemical form of Pb in Lolium perenne.Chemosphere.93:2782-2788.
He S Y,Wu Q L,He Z L.2014.Synergetic effects of DA-6/GA3with EDTA on plant growth,extraction and detoxification of Cd by Lolium perenne.Chemosphere.117:132-138.
He S Y,Wu Q L,He Z L.2015c.Growth-promoting hormone DA-6 assists phytoextraction and detoxification of Cd by ryegrass.Int J Phytoremediation.17:597-603.
Khan A G,Kuek C,Chaudhry T M,Khoo C S,Hayes WJ.2000.Role of plants,mycorrhizae and phytochelators in heavy metal contaminated land remediation.Chemosphere.41:197-207.
L′opez M L,Peralta-Videa J R,Benitez T,Gardea-Torresdey JL.2005.Enhancement of lead uptake by alfalfa(Medicago sativa)using EDTA and a plant growth promoter.Chemosphere.61:595-598.
Neugschwandtner R W,Tlustos P,Kom′arek M,Sz′akov′a J.2008.Phytoextraction of Pb and Cd from a contaminated agricultural soil using different EDTA application regimes:Laboratory versus field scale measures of efficiency.Geoderma.144:446-454.
Phang I C,Leung D W M,Taylor H H,Burritt D J.2011.Correlation of growth inhibition with accumulation of Pb in cell wall and changes in response to oxidative stress in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings.Plant Growth Regul.64:17-25.
Pozo M J,L′opez-R′aez J A,Azc′on-Aguilar C,Garc′?a-Garrido JM.2015.Phytohormones as integrators of environmental signals in the regulation of mycorrhizal symbioses.New Phytol.205:1431-1436.
Rainer D.2014.MGDA-the innovative choice to meet the sustainable cleaning solution.Chin Clean Ind(in Chinese).7:48-53.
Robinson B H,Brooks R R,Howes A W,Kirkman J H,Gregg P E H.1997.The potential of the high-biomass nickel hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii for phytoremediation and phytomining.J Geochem Explor.60:115-126.
Salt D E,Prince R C,Pickering I J.2002.Chemical speciation of accumulated metals in plants:Evidence from X-ray absorption spectroscopy.Microchem J.71:255-259.
Tamura H,Honda M,Sato T,Kamachi H.2005.Pb hyperaccumulation and tolerance in common buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench).J Plant Res.118:355-359.
Tassi E,Pouget J,Petruzzelli G,Barbafieri M.2008.The effects of exogenous plant growth regulators in the phytoextraction of heavy metals.Chemosphere.71:66-73.
Uraguchi S,Fujiwara T.2013.Rice breaks ground for cadmiumfree cereals.Curr Opin Plant Biol.16:328-334.
Wang F J,Wang M,Liu Z P,Shi Y,Han T Q,Ye Y Y,Gong N,Sun J W,Zhu C.2015.Different responses of low grain-Cdaccumulating and high grain-Cd-accumulating rice cultivars to Cd stress.Plant physiol Biochem.96:261-269.
Wang J L,Yuan J G,Yang Z Y,Huang B F,Zhou Y H,Xin J L,Gong Y L,Yu H.2009.Variation in cadmium accumulation among 30 cultivars and cadmium subcellular distribution in 2 selected cultivars of water spinach(Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.).J Agric Food Chem.57:8942-8949.
Wang X,Liu Y G,Zeng G M,Chai L Y,Song X C,Min Z Y,Xiao X.2008.Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Bechmeria nivea(L.)Gaud.Environ Exp Bot.62:389-395.
Wang X K,Huang J L.2015.Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Experiments(in Chinese).3rd Edn.Higher Education Press,Beijing.
Wang Y P,Huang J,Gao Y Z.2012.Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization alters subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Medicago sativa L.and resists cadmium toxicity.PLoS ONE.7:e48669.
Wu F B,Dong J,Qian Q Q,Zhang G P.2005.Subcellular distribution and chemical form of Cd and Cd-Zn interaction in different barley genotypes.Chemosphere.60:1437-1446.
Yang J R,He J Q,Zhang G X,Mao X Q.1995.Tolerance mechanism of crops to Cd pollution.Chin J Appl Ecol(in Chinese).6:87-91.
Zhang H Y,Xie L Q,Xu P J,Jiang S R.2008.Dissipation of the plant growth regulator hexanoic acid 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester in pakchoi and soil.Int J Environ Anal Chem.88:561-569.
Zhao Y,Peralta-Videa J R,Lopez-Moreno M L,Ren M H,Saupe G,Gardea-Torresdey J L.2011.Kinetin increases chromium absorption,modulates its distribution,and changes the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in Mexican Palo Verde.Environ Sci Technol.45:1082-1087.
Zhou T,Hu Y J,Zhou X M,Wang P,Guo J X.2004.Effect of DA-6 on seedling photosynthesis and growth of wild barley Hordeum brevisubulatum.Pratacul Sci(in Chinese).21:31-34.