L-茶氨酸对氧化应激断奶仔猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响
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摘要
本研究探讨了L-茶氨酸对氧化应激断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响。试验采用2×2二因素设计,160头断奶仔猪(7.53kg±0.51kg)随机分为4个处理组:1组(日粮中不添加L-茶氨酸,腹腔注射5mL生理盐水);2组(日粮中不添加L-茶氨酸,腹腔注射8 mg/kg体重敌快死);3组(日粮中添加1 000mg/kg L-茶氨酸,腹腔注射5mL生理盐水);4组(日粮中添加1 000mg/kg L-茶氨酸,腹腔注射8mg/kg体重敌快死)。预试期7d,正试期28d。结果显示:(1)与1组相比,2组仔猪平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)显著降低,而料重比显著升高(P<0.05);与2组相比,4组仔猪ADG显著增加(P<0.05)。(2)与1组相比,2组仔猪血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加,而总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著下降(P<0.05),3组仔猪血清MDA显著降低,而T-AOC显著增加(P<0.05);与2组相比,4组仔猪血清MDA含量显著降低,而T-AOC和GSH-Px活性显著上升(P<0.05)。(3)与1组相比,2组仔猪血清IgA、IgG、IL-2、IL-4水平显著增加,C3和C4水平显著下降(P<0.05),3组仔猪血清IgA、IgG和IL-4水平显著降低,而C3和C4水平显著增加(P<0.05);与2组相比,4组仔猪血清IgA、IgG、IL-2、IL-4水平显著降低,而血清C3水平显著增加(P<0.05)。结果表明,注射敌快死可引发仔猪氧化应激,造成生长性能下降、体液免疫能力下降;日粮中添加1 000mg/kg L-茶氨酸可缓解仔猪氧化损伤,提高氧化应激仔猪的生长性能、抗氧化能力和体液免疫能力。
To explore the effects of L-theanine on growth performance,antioxidant and immune response of oxidative stress weaned pigs,a two-factor(2×2)experimental design was employed.160 weaned pigs(7.53 kg±0.51 kg)were divided into 4 treatment groups:Treatment 1(withoutL-theanine,intraperitoneal injection of 5 mL normal saline),treatment 2(without L-theanine,intraperitoneal injection of 8 mg/(kg·BW)diquat),treatment 3(diet added 1 000 mg/kg L-theanine,intraperitoneal injection of 5 mL normal saline)and treatment 4(diet added 1 000 mg/kg Ltheanine,intraperitoneal injection of 8 mg/(kg·BW)diquat).7 dfor preliminary feeding and 28 d for formal feeding.The results showed that:(1) Compared to treatment 1,the average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)of weaned pigs in treatment 2 decreased significantly(P<0.05),while F/G increased significantly(P<0.05);Compared to treatment 2,L-theanine significantly increased ADG and ADFI in treatment 4(P<0.05).(2)Compared to treatment 1,diquat significantly increased serum malondialdehyde(MDA)content,while the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and the activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)significantly decreased in treatment 2(P<0.05),serum MDA content in treatment 3 significantly increased while the activity of GSH-Px significantly tended down(P<0.05);Compared to treatment 2,L-theanine significantly decreased serum MDA content while increased the activity of T-AOC and GSH-Px in treatment 4(P<0.05).(3)Compared to treatment 1,the levels of serum IgA,IgG and IL-2,IL-4 significantly increased,while C3 and C4 significantly decreased(P<0.05)in treatment 2,and the levels of serum IgA,IgG and IL-4 were significantly decreased,while the concentration of C3 and C4 significantly increased in treatment 3(P<0.05);Compared to treatment 2,the levels of serum IgA,IgG and IL-2,IL-4 significantly decreased,while C3 significantly increased in treatment 4(P<0.05).In conclusion,injection of diquat could cause oxidative stress in piglets,resulting decrease of growth performance and humoral immunity;Diets added 1 000 mg/kg L-theanine could relieve oxidative damage,improve the growth performance,the capacity of antioxidation and humoral immunity in oxidative stressed piglets.
To explore the effects of L-theanine on growth performance,antioxidant and immune response of oxidative stress weaned pigs,a two-factor(2×2)experimental design was employed.160 weaned pigs(7.53 kg±0.51 kg)were divided into 4 treatment groups:Treatment 1(withoutL-theanine,intraperitoneal injection of 5 mL normal saline),treatment 2(without L-theanine,intraperitoneal injection of 8 mg/(kg·BW)diquat),treatment 3(diet added 1 000 mg/kg L-theanine,intraperitoneal injection of 5 mL normal saline)and treatment 4(diet added 1 000 mg/kg Ltheanine,intraperitoneal injection of 8 mg/(kg·BW)diquat).7 dfor preliminary feeding and 28 d for formal feeding.The results showed that:(1) Compared to treatment 1,the average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)of weaned pigs in treatment 2 decreased significantly(P<0.05),while F/G increased significantly(P<0.05);Compared to treatment 2,L-theanine significantly increased ADG and ADFI in treatment 4(P<0.05).(2)Compared to treatment 1,diquat significantly increased serum malondialdehyde(MDA)content,while the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and the activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)significantly decreased in treatment 2(P<0.05),serum MDA content in treatment 3 significantly increased while the activity of GSH-Px significantly tended down(P<0.05);Compared to treatment 2,L-theanine significantly decreased serum MDA content while increased the activity of T-AOC and GSH-Px in treatment 4(P<0.05).(3)Compared to treatment 1,the levels of serum IgA,IgG and IL-2,IL-4 significantly increased,while C3 and C4 significantly decreased(P<0.05)in treatment 2,and the levels of serum IgA,IgG and IL-4 were significantly decreased,while the concentration of C3 and C4 significantly increased in treatment 3(P<0.05);Compared to treatment 2,the levels of serum IgA,IgG and IL-2,IL-4 significantly decreased,while C3 significantly increased in treatment 4(P<0.05).In conclusion,injection of diquat could cause oxidative stress in piglets,resulting decrease of growth performance and humoral immunity;Diets added 1 000 mg/kg L-theanine could relieve oxidative damage,improve the growth performance,the capacity of antioxidation and humoral immunity in oxidative stressed piglets.
引文
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[13]彭彬,刘仲华,林勇,等.L-茶氨酸改善慢性应激大鼠抑郁行为作用研究[J].茶叶科学,2014,4:355-363.PENG B,LIU Z H,LIN Y,et al.The ameliorative effect of L-theanine on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression in rats[J].Journal of Tea Science,2014,4:355-363.(in Chinese)
[14]刘晓慧,揭国良,林康,等.EGCG和茶氨酸对细胞氧化损伤的协同保护和修复作用研究[J].茶叶科学,2014,3:239-247.LIU X H,JIE G L,LIN K,et al.Research on synergistic protection and repairing effects of EGCG and theanine in oxidative damaged cells[J].Journal of Tea Science,2014,3:239-247.(in Chinese)
[15]KUEIHARA S,SHIBAHARA S,ARISSAKA H,et al.Enhancement of antigen-specific immunoglobulin G production in mice by co-administration of L-cystine and L-theanine[J].Journal of Veterinary Medical Science,2007,69(12):1263.
[16]孙浪,鲁双庆,肖调义,等.饲料中添加茶氨酸对草鱼免疫和血清生化指标的影响[J].饲料研究,2012,6:63-65.SUN L,LU S Q,XIAO D Y,et al.Effects of adding tea amino acid on the immune and serum biochemical indexes of grass fish[J].Feed Research,2012,6:63-65.(in Chinese)
[17]JIANG T,ZHOU C,REN S.Role of IL-2in cancer immunotherapy[J].Oncoimmunology,2016,5(6):e1163462.
[18]谢哲,肖长纪,吴求吉,等.补体系统与细胞因子的相互作用[J].医学分子生物学杂志,2009,6(5):468-471.XIE Z,XIAO C J,WU Q J,et al.Complement system and cytokines[J].Journal of Molecular Biology of Medicine,2009,6(5):468-471.(in Chinese)
[19]KORKMAZ H I,ULRICH M M W,VAN WIERINGEN W N,et al.The local and systemic inflammatory response in a pig burn wound model with a pivotal role for complement[J].Journal of Burn Care&Research,2017,38(5):e796-e806.
[20]RAYES J,ING M,DELIGNAT S,et al.Complement C3is a novel modulator of the anti-FⅧimmune response[J].Haematologica,2018,103(2):351-360.
[2]UNNO K,TANIDA N,ISHII N,et al.Anti-stress effect of theanine on students during pharmacy practice:Positive correlation among salivaryα-amylase activity,trait anxiety and subjective stress[J].Pharmacology Biochemistry&Behavior,2013,111:128-135.
[3]NAGAI K,ODA A,KONNISHI H.Theanine prevents doxorubicin-induced acute hepatotoxicity by reducing intrinsic apoptotic response[J].Food&Chemical Toxicology,2015,78:147-152.
[4]CHATTERJEE S,CHATTERJEE A,ROY S,et al.L-theanine healed NSAID-induced gastric ulcer by modulating pro-antioxidant balance in gastric ulcer margin[J].Journal of Natural Medicines,2014,68(4):699-708.
[5]刘昆言,丰金玉,肖文军.茶氨酸合成及生理作用研究进展[J].茶叶通讯,2014,4:3-7.LIU K Y,FENG J Y,XIAO W J.Research progress on biosynthesis and physiological function of theanine[J].Journal of Tea Communication,2014,4:3-7.(in Chinese)
[6]陈义勇,窦祥龙,黄友如,等.茶氨酸的超声—微波提取工艺及其抗氧化活性[J].食品工业,2014,35(10):165-167.CHEN Y Y,DOU X L,HUANG Y R,et al.Optimization of ultrasonic microwave assisted extraction technology of theanine from tea and its antioxidant activity[J].Food Industry,2014,35(10):165-167.(in Chinese)
[7]陈淑珍,甄永苏.茶氨酸的药理作用及机制[J].医学研究杂志,2013,42(11):17-20.CHEN S Z,ZHEN Y S.Pharmacological action and mechanism of theanine[J].Journal of Medical Research,2013,42(11):17-20.(in Chinese)
[8]李桂兰,抗晶晶,殷志敏.L-茶氨酸对H2O2致LO2细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制研究[J].中国细胞生物学报,2014,36(6):785-790.LI G L,KANG J J,YIN Z M.Protective effect and the mechanism of L-theanine H2O2 against induced injury in LO2cells[J].Journal of Chinese Cell Biology,2014,36(6):785-790.(in Chinese)
[9]HWANG Y H,PARK B K,LIM J H,et al.Effects of beta-glucan from Paenibacillus polymyxa and Ltheanine on growth performance and immunomodulation in weanling piglets[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2008,21(12):1753-1759.
[10]文慧,魏时来,张石蕊,等.L-茶氨酸对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(10):1946-1954.WEN H,WEI S L,ZHANG S R,et al.Effects of L-theanine on performance and immune function of Yellow-feathered broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2012,24(10):1946-1954.(in Chinese)
[11]汪丽伟,蔡海莹.茶多酚和L-茶氨酸对热应激下蛋用仔公鸡生长性能及抗氧化能力的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(12):76-80.WANG L W,CAI H Y.Effects of tea polyphenol and L-theanine on growth performance and antioxidant performance of egg-laying chickens under heat stress[J].Chinese Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2013,40(12):76-80.(in Chinese)
[12]李宁,闫峻,穆淑琴,等.日粮添加L-茶氨酸对育肥猪采食行为的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2016,12(10):52-54.LI N,YAN J,MU S Q,et al.Effects of L-theanine on intake behavior in finishing pigs[J].Food and Feed Industry,2016,12(10):52-54.(in Chinese)
[13]彭彬,刘仲华,林勇,等.L-茶氨酸改善慢性应激大鼠抑郁行为作用研究[J].茶叶科学,2014,4:355-363.PENG B,LIU Z H,LIN Y,et al.The ameliorative effect of L-theanine on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression in rats[J].Journal of Tea Science,2014,4:355-363.(in Chinese)
[14]刘晓慧,揭国良,林康,等.EGCG和茶氨酸对细胞氧化损伤的协同保护和修复作用研究[J].茶叶科学,2014,3:239-247.LIU X H,JIE G L,LIN K,et al.Research on synergistic protection and repairing effects of EGCG and theanine in oxidative damaged cells[J].Journal of Tea Science,2014,3:239-247.(in Chinese)
[15]KUEIHARA S,SHIBAHARA S,ARISSAKA H,et al.Enhancement of antigen-specific immunoglobulin G production in mice by co-administration of L-cystine and L-theanine[J].Journal of Veterinary Medical Science,2007,69(12):1263.
[16]孙浪,鲁双庆,肖调义,等.饲料中添加茶氨酸对草鱼免疫和血清生化指标的影响[J].饲料研究,2012,6:63-65.SUN L,LU S Q,XIAO D Y,et al.Effects of adding tea amino acid on the immune and serum biochemical indexes of grass fish[J].Feed Research,2012,6:63-65.(in Chinese)
[17]JIANG T,ZHOU C,REN S.Role of IL-2in cancer immunotherapy[J].Oncoimmunology,2016,5(6):e1163462.
[18]谢哲,肖长纪,吴求吉,等.补体系统与细胞因子的相互作用[J].医学分子生物学杂志,2009,6(5):468-471.XIE Z,XIAO C J,WU Q J,et al.Complement system and cytokines[J].Journal of Molecular Biology of Medicine,2009,6(5):468-471.(in Chinese)
[19]KORKMAZ H I,ULRICH M M W,VAN WIERINGEN W N,et al.The local and systemic inflammatory response in a pig burn wound model with a pivotal role for complement[J].Journal of Burn Care&Research,2017,38(5):e796-e806.
[20]RAYES J,ING M,DELIGNAT S,et al.Complement C3is a novel modulator of the anti-FⅧimmune response[J].Haematologica,2018,103(2):351-360.