基于雄安新区水源涵养的山水林田湖草综合治理措施构想
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摘要
大清河流域是京津冀地区自太行山向海洋的最重要生态廊道,白洋淀为该生态廊道的咽喉。白洋淀及其组成水系和大中型水库共同起行洪和调蓄洪水之作用,不仅对保定市、雄安新区等城乡防灾减灾具有重要保障作用,而且承担和保障大清河流域"生产、生活、生态"供水之任务,因此,研究和探索流域国土空间规划,实施山水林田湖草综合治理,恢复流域调蓄水功能,对保障雄安新区规划与建设目标的实现具有重要意义。为此,运用文献研究、经验分析、工程类比等方法,在大清河流域自然与社会基础主要要素分析基础上,从流域的生态廊道地位和作用、水资源涵养功能及其产水能力、防洪减灾地位与作用3个方面分析大清河流域生态环境对雄安新区的保障作用,指出流域水资源问题是影响和制约雄安新区建设和发展的关键之一。概略地测算出大清河流域总降水量为264.11亿m3,其中,流域水资源(包括地表水和地下水)只有64.65亿m3,仅占总降水量的24.5%;其余大部分蒸发进入大气或通过地表径流而流入海洋或渗入地下转化为包气带水,说明大清河流域水源涵养功能很差。人类强烈活动对流域下垫面进行了过度改造,影响和破坏了流域的汇水、径流、渗水、含水等功能,是造成流域水源涵养功能下降的重要原因之一。针对流域水资源问题及其成因,提出了缓解雄安新区水资源供需矛盾和确保大清河流域生态安全的山水林田湖草综合治理措施构想,包括大清河流域国土空间治理体系宏观调控、地表水调蓄与地下水开采布局联合调整、结合土地整治的地表水治理等6项措施。
Daqing river basin is the most important ecological corridor from Taihang mountains to the sea in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Baiyangdian is the throat of the ecological corridor.Baiyangdian and its water system and large and middle-sized reservoirs play an important role in flood control and storage.They not only play an important role in disaster prevention and mitigation in urban and rural areas such as Baoding city and Xiongan New Area,but also undertake and guarantee the task of"Production,Life and Ecology"water supply in the Daqing river basin.So,we should study and explore the territorial spatial planning of the basin,implement the comprehensive management of mountains,forests,lakes and grasses,and restore the basin's flood regulation and storage for an important role of the realization with the plan and building object of the region.The water resources in the basin is one of the key factors affecting and restricting the construction and development of Xiongan New Area,which was based on the analysis of the main elements of the natural and social foundation of the Daqing river basin with the protection function of the ecological environment of the Daqing river basin to Xiongan New Area studied and analyzed by the methods of literature research,experience analysis and engineering analogy,from three aspects:the status and function of the ecological corridor,the function of water conservation and its water production capacity,and the status and function of flood control and disaster reduction...The total precipitation in the Daqing river basin was estimated to be 26.411 billion cubic metres,of which only 6.465 billion cubic metres was keptin the basin and became water resources(including surface water and groundwater),accounting for only 24.5%of the total precipitation.Most of the water evaporated into the atmosphere or flowed into the ocean through surface runoff or underground water into the vadose zone.The results showed that the water conservation function of the Daqing river basin was very poor.Intense human activities have over-reformed the underlying surface of the basin,affecting and destroying the catchment,runoff,seepage and water-bearing functions of the basin,which was one of the important reasons for the decline of the water conservation function of the basin.Focusing on at the problems and causes of water resources in the basin,the paper puts forward six measures to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in Xiongan New Area and to ensure the ecological safety of the Daqing river basin,including macro-control of land and space management system in the Daqing river basin,joint adjustment of surface water storage and groundwater exploitation layout,and surface water management combined with land regulation.
Daqing river basin is the most important ecological corridor from Taihang mountains to the sea in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Baiyangdian is the throat of the ecological corridor.Baiyangdian and its water system and large and middle-sized reservoirs play an important role in flood control and storage.They not only play an important role in disaster prevention and mitigation in urban and rural areas such as Baoding city and Xiongan New Area,but also undertake and guarantee the task of"Production,Life and Ecology"water supply in the Daqing river basin.So,we should study and explore the territorial spatial planning of the basin,implement the comprehensive management of mountains,forests,lakes and grasses,and restore the basin's flood regulation and storage for an important role of the realization with the plan and building object of the region.The water resources in the basin is one of the key factors affecting and restricting the construction and development of Xiongan New Area,which was based on the analysis of the main elements of the natural and social foundation of the Daqing river basin with the protection function of the ecological environment of the Daqing river basin to Xiongan New Area studied and analyzed by the methods of literature research,experience analysis and engineering analogy,from three aspects:the status and function of the ecological corridor,the function of water conservation and its water production capacity,and the status and function of flood control and disaster reduction...The total precipitation in the Daqing river basin was estimated to be 26.411 billion cubic metres,of which only 6.465 billion cubic metres was keptin the basin and became water resources(including surface water and groundwater),accounting for only 24.5%of the total precipitation.Most of the water evaporated into the atmosphere or flowed into the ocean through surface runoff or underground water into the vadose zone.The results showed that the water conservation function of the Daqing river basin was very poor.Intense human activities have over-reformed the underlying surface of the basin,affecting and destroying the catchment,runoff,seepage and water-bearing functions of the basin,which was one of the important reasons for the decline of the water conservation function of the basin.Focusing on at the problems and causes of water resources in the basin,the paper puts forward six measures to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in Xiongan New Area and to ensure the ecological safety of the Daqing river basin,including macro-control of land and space management system in the Daqing river basin,joint adjustment of surface water storage and groundwater exploitation layout,and surface water management combined with land regulation.
引文
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