包头市草原景观斑块耦合网络结构特征研究
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摘要
以内蒙古自治区包头市为研究区,选取包头市2016年夏季成像的Landsat OLI影像解译并结合外业调查,提取全域内草原景观斑块共28 009个。利用原始影像计算归一化差分植被指数(NDVI),根据研究区NDVI,把草原景观分为12级,构建草原景观网络。在景观水平上选取25个指数、类型水平上选取24个指数,对草原景观的空间格局、形状特征、聚集程度等进行分析。结果表明,在景观尺度上,包头市全域内景观相似临近百分比指数和散布与并列指数较高,景观分割指数较低。在类型尺度上,1～7级面积所占比例较高,斑块密度较低,聚合度较高; 8～12级面积所占比例较低,景观分割指数高,景观破碎,连通性差。利用度及度分布、平均路径长度、聚类系数分析草原景观网络特点发现,该草原景观网络的度为6的节点有5个,度最大值为8的节点有2个,平均路径长度为1. 606 1,草原景观网络具有明显的非均匀性。
Baotou City of Inner Mongolia was selected as the study area. The Landsat OLI image of Baotou City in summer of 2016 was selected as the research data for interpretation. Totally 28 009 grassland landscape patches were extracted. The normalized difference vegetation index( NDVI) was calculated from the original image. According to the NDVI of the study area,the grassland landscape was divided into 12 levels. Based on 12 levels of grassland landscape,a network of grassland landscapes was constructed. At the landscape level,totally 25 indices were selected,and at the type level,24 indices were selected. Using these indices,the spatial pattern,shape characteristics and degree of aggregation of the grassland landscape were analyzed. The results showed that the landscape similarity percentage index and the distribution and the side-by-side index were higher on the landscape scale,and the landscape segmentation index was lower in the whole territory of Baotou City. The proportion of grades 1 ～ 7 was high,the density of landscape patches was low,and the aggregation index was high. The proportion of grades 8 ～ 12 was low,the landscape segmentation index was high,the landscape was broken and the connectivity was poor on the type scale. The degree of utilization and degree distribution,average path length and clustering coefficient were used to analyze the characteristics of grassland landscape network.Five nodes with a degree of 6 were found in the grassland landscape network. The maximum value was 8,with 2 nodes,and the average path length was 1. 606 1. The results showed that the grassland landscape network had obvious non-uniformity. The research results had practical significance for the structural optimization of the grassland landscape in Baotou City and the stable development of the structure.
Baotou City of Inner Mongolia was selected as the study area. The Landsat OLI image of Baotou City in summer of 2016 was selected as the research data for interpretation. Totally 28 009 grassland landscape patches were extracted. The normalized difference vegetation index( NDVI) was calculated from the original image. According to the NDVI of the study area,the grassland landscape was divided into 12 levels. Based on 12 levels of grassland landscape,a network of grassland landscapes was constructed. At the landscape level,totally 25 indices were selected,and at the type level,24 indices were selected. Using these indices,the spatial pattern,shape characteristics and degree of aggregation of the grassland landscape were analyzed. The results showed that the landscape similarity percentage index and the distribution and the side-by-side index were higher on the landscape scale,and the landscape segmentation index was lower in the whole territory of Baotou City. The proportion of grades 1 ～ 7 was high,the density of landscape patches was low,and the aggregation index was high. The proportion of grades 8 ～ 12 was low,the landscape segmentation index was high,the landscape was broken and the connectivity was poor on the type scale. The degree of utilization and degree distribution,average path length and clustering coefficient were used to analyze the characteristics of grassland landscape network.Five nodes with a degree of 6 were found in the grassland landscape network. The maximum value was 8,with 2 nodes,and the average path length was 1. 606 1. The results showed that the grassland landscape network had obvious non-uniformity. The research results had practical significance for the structural optimization of the grassland landscape in Baotou City and the stable development of the structure.
引文
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[15]唐涛,李际平,袁晓红,等.基于邻接关系的森林景观斑块耦合网络结构特性分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(10):114-118.TANG Tao,LI Jiping,YUAN Xiaohong,et al. Structural characteristics of forest landscape patch coupling network based on adjacent relationships[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry and Technology,2016,36(10):114-118.(in Chinese)
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[21] ADLER J,PARMRYD I. Quantifying colocalization by correlation:the Pearson correlation coefficient is superior to the Mander's overlap coefficient[J]. Cytometry Part A,2010,77A(8):733-742.
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[23]武鹏飞,宫辉力,周德民.基于复杂网络的官厅水库流域土地利用/覆被变化[J].地理学报,2012,67(1):113-121.WU Pengfei,GONG Huili,ZHOU Demin. Land use/cover change in Guanting Reservoir basin based on complex network[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(1):113-121.(in Chinese)
[24]周云龙.复杂网络平均路径长度的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2013.ZHOU Yunlong. Study on the average path length of complex networks[D]. Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2013.(in Chinese)
[25]林德明,刘则渊.复杂网络研究领域演进中的复杂性[J].数学的实践与认识,2011,41(17):174-182.LIN Deming,LIU Zeyuan. Complexity in the evolution of complex network research field[J]. Mathematics in Practice and Theory,2011,41(17):174-182.(in Chinese)
[26]潘灶烽,汪小帆.一种可大范围调节聚类系数的加权无标度网络模型[J].物理学报,2006,55(8):4058-4064.PAN Zaofeng,WANG Xiaofan. A weighted scale-free network model that can adjust clustering coefficients in a wide range[J]. Acta Physica Sinica,2006,55(8):4058-4064.(in Chinese)
[2]赵军,魏伟,冯翠芹.天祝草原景观格局分析及景观利用格局优化[J].资源科学,2008,30(2):281-287.ZHAO Jun,WEI Wei,FENG Cuiqin. Landscape pattern analysis and landscape utilization pattern optimization of Tianzhu grassland[J]. Resources Science,2008,30(2):281-287.(in Chinese)
[3]宝音,包玉海,阿拉腾图雅,等.内蒙古生态屏障建设与保护[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(3):62-65.BAO Yin,BAO Yuhai,ALATENTOYA,et al. Construction and protection of ecological barrier in Inner Mongolia[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2002,9(3):62-65.(in Chinese)
[4]潘庆民,薛建国,陶金,等.中国北方草原退化现状与恢复技术[J].科学通报,2018,63(17):1642-1650.PAN Qingmin,XUE Jianguo,TAO Jin,et al. Present situation of grassland degradation and restoration technology in northern China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2018,63(17):1642-1650.(in Chinese)
[5]庞立东,刘桂香.近二十年内蒙古西乌珠穆沁草原景观结构变化及驱动力浅析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(10):155-160.PANG Lidong,LIU Guixiang. Brief analysis on the change of landscape structure and driving force of Xiwuzhumuqin grassland in Inner Mongolia in recent 20 years[J]. Journal of Aird Land Resources and Environment,2010,24(10):155-160.(in Chinese)
[6]魏伟,石培基,雷莉,等.基于景观结构和空间统计方法的绿洲区生态风险分析———以石羊河武威、民勤绿洲为例[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(12):2023-2035.WEI Wei,SHI Peiji,LEI Li,et al. Eco-risk analysis of Oasis based on landscape structure and spatial statistical method—take Wuwei and Minqin oasis of Shiyang River as examples[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2014,29(12):2023-2035.(in Chinese)
[7]赵春燕,李际平,郑柳.“森林景观斑块耦合体”的构建研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(7):41-44.ZHAO Chunyan,LI Jiping,ZHENG Liu. Construction of “forest landscape patch coupling”[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry and Technology,2014,34(7):41-44.(in Chinese)
[8]陈晓敏,解智峰.城市土地集约利用评价及驱动力分析———以内蒙古包头市为例[J].国土资源情报,2011(6):46-52.CHEN Xiaomin,JIE Zhifeng. Evaluation and driving force analysis of urban land intensive utilization:a case study of Baotou City,Inner Mongolia[J]. Land and Resources Information,2011(6):46-52.(in Chinese)
[9]于佳生.包头市生态城市评价及对策研究[D].包头:内蒙古科技大学,2015.YU Jiasheng. Evaluation and countermeasure research of Baotou ecological city[D]. Baotou:Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,2015.(in Chinese)
[10]王鑫.包头市工业企业环境污染管理问题与对策研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2015.WANG Xin. Environmental pollution management problems and countermeasures of industrial enterprises in Baotou City[D].Huhhot:Inner Mongolia University,2015.(in Chinese)
[11]张敏.包头市城市建设用地扩展研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2011.ZHANG Min. Study on urban construction land expansion in Baotou City[D]. Huhhot:Inner Mongolia Normal University,2011.(in Chinese)
[12]庞立东,刘桂香,刘建强.遥感与GIS技术在草地景观分类与制图中的应用———以西乌珠穆沁为例[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(2):304-309.PANG Lidong,LIU Guixiang,LIU Jianqiang. Application of remote sensing and GIS technology in grassland landscape classification and mapping—taking Xiwuzhumuqin as an example[J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2010,31(2):304-309.(in Chinese)
[13] BIRTWISTLE A N,LAITURI M,BLEDSOE B,et al. Using NDVI to measure precipitation in semi-arid landscapes[J]. Arid Environment,2016,131:15-24.
[14]龚建周,夏北成.景观格局指数间相关关系对植被覆盖度等级分类数的响应[J].生态学报,2007,27(10):4075-4085.GONG Jianzhou,XIA Beicheng. Response of correlation between landscape pattern indices to classification number of vegetation coverage grades[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(10):4075-4085.(in Chinese)
[15]唐涛,李际平,袁晓红,等.基于邻接关系的森林景观斑块耦合网络结构特性分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(10):114-118.TANG Tao,LI Jiping,YUAN Xiaohong,et al. Structural characteristics of forest landscape patch coupling network based on adjacent relationships[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry and Technology,2016,36(10):114-118.(in Chinese)
[16]许峰,尹海伟,孔繁花,等.基于MSPA与最小路径方法的巴中西部新城生态网络构建[J].生态学报,2015,35(19):6425-6434.XU Feng,YIN Haiwei,KONG Fanhua,et al. Construction of ecological network of new towns in central and Western Brazil based on MSPA and minimum path method[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(19):6425-6434.(in Chinese)
[17] ATH B D,SCHARLER U M,ULANOWICZ R E,et al. Ecological network analysis:network construction[J]. Ecological Modelling,2007,208(1):49-55.
[18]李医民,李鑫,华静.基于复杂网络的生态系统稳定性与生态多样性[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(6):1700-1706.LI Yimin,LI Xin,HUA Jing. Ecosystem stability and ecological diversity based on complex networks[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(6):1700-1706.(in Chinese)
[19] JONGMAN R H G. Nature conservation planning in Europe:developing ecological networks[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning,1995,32(3):169-183.
[20]于强,杨斓,岳德鹏,等.基于复杂网络分析法的空间生态网络结构研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(3):214-224.YU Qiang,YANG Lan,YUE Depeng,et al. Investigation on complex spatial ecological network structure based on complex network analysis method[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(3):214-224.http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20180326&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 03. 026.(in Chinese)
[21] ADLER J,PARMRYD I. Quantifying colocalization by correlation:the Pearson correlation coefficient is superior to the Mander's overlap coefficient[J]. Cytometry Part A,2010,77A(8):733-742.
[22] LIU L,LIU Y,ZHANG N. A complex network approach to topology control problem in underwater acoustic sensor networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Parallel&Distributed Systems,2014,25(12):3046-3055.
[23]武鹏飞,宫辉力,周德民.基于复杂网络的官厅水库流域土地利用/覆被变化[J].地理学报,2012,67(1):113-121.WU Pengfei,GONG Huili,ZHOU Demin. Land use/cover change in Guanting Reservoir basin based on complex network[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(1):113-121.(in Chinese)
[24]周云龙.复杂网络平均路径长度的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2013.ZHOU Yunlong. Study on the average path length of complex networks[D]. Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2013.(in Chinese)
[25]林德明,刘则渊.复杂网络研究领域演进中的复杂性[J].数学的实践与认识,2011,41(17):174-182.LIN Deming,LIU Zeyuan. Complexity in the evolution of complex network research field[J]. Mathematics in Practice and Theory,2011,41(17):174-182.(in Chinese)
[26]潘灶烽,汪小帆.一种可大范围调节聚类系数的加权无标度网络模型[J].物理学报,2006,55(8):4058-4064.PAN Zaofeng,WANG Xiaofan. A weighted scale-free network model that can adjust clustering coefficients in a wide range[J]. Acta Physica Sinica,2006,55(8):4058-4064.(in Chinese)