沙尘信道下激光通信系统的性能分析
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摘要
沙尘对激光信号的散射和吸收作用会引起激光信号的严重衰减,本文结合我国沙尘粒子的半径分布特征,在考虑含水影响的基础上,研究了沙尘对激光信号衰减特性的影响,得到了接收端信噪比的表达式;同时针对OOK调制,推导了沙尘天气下激光通信系统的误码率和信道容量。仿真分析了能见度、传输距离、含水量以及激光波长等因素对误码率和信道容量的影响。结果表明:随着含水量和传输距离的增大以及大气能见度的减小,系统的误码率会呈现出不断增大的趋势,而信道容量则呈现减小的趋势。在能见度为4 km的情况下,波长为1 550 nm、传输距离为1 km时系统的误码率可达10~(-2)数量级,且归一化信道容量为8.48 bps/Hz。
The scattering and absorption caused by sand-dust channel will lead to serious attenuation of the laser signals. By considering the characteristics of the sand-dust particle radius distribution and the effects of sand-dust moisture content, the impact of sand-dust on the attenuation characteristics of laser signal is investigated and the expression of signal-to-noise ratio at the receiving end is proposed. Moreover, the bit error rate and channel capacity under sand-dust weather are deduced for the OOK modulation. Furthermore, the effects of atmospheric visibility, transmission distance, sand-dust moisture content and laser wavelength on the bit error rate and channel capacity are simulated. The results show that the channel capacity and system BER performance decrease with the increase of sand-dust moisture content, transmission distance and the decrease of atmospheric visibility. When the atmospheric visibility is 4 km, the system bit error rate achieves 10~(-2) orders of magnitude with a wavelength of 1 550 nm and a transmission distance of 1 km and the normalized channel capacity is up to 8.48 bps/Hz.
The scattering and absorption caused by sand-dust channel will lead to serious attenuation of the laser signals. By considering the characteristics of the sand-dust particle radius distribution and the effects of sand-dust moisture content, the impact of sand-dust on the attenuation characteristics of laser signal is investigated and the expression of signal-to-noise ratio at the receiving end is proposed. Moreover, the bit error rate and channel capacity under sand-dust weather are deduced for the OOK modulation. Furthermore, the effects of atmospheric visibility, transmission distance, sand-dust moisture content and laser wavelength on the bit error rate and channel capacity are simulated. The results show that the channel capacity and system BER performance decrease with the increase of sand-dust moisture content, transmission distance and the decrease of atmospheric visibility. When the atmospheric visibility is 4 km, the system bit error rate achieves 10~(-2) orders of magnitude with a wavelength of 1 550 nm and a transmission distance of 1 km and the normalized channel capacity is up to 8.48 bps/Hz.
引文
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[2] GHASSEMLOOY Z,PEREZ J,LEITGEB E.On the performance of FSO communications links under sandstorm conditions [C].Proceedings of The 12th International Conference on Telecommunications,Zagreb,Croatia,2013:53-58.
[3] GUPTA R,SINGH P.Performance analysis of FSO system for different fog conditions [M].SINGH R,CHOUDHURY S.Proceeding of International Conference on Intelligent Communication,Control and Devices,Singapore:Springer,2017.
[4] ESMAIL M A,FATHALLAH H,ALOUINI M S.Outdoor FSO communications under fog:attenuation modeling and performance evaluation [J].IEEE Photon.J.,2016,8(4):7905622-1-23.
[5] ROBINSON S,JASMINE S.Performance analysis of hybrid WDM-FSO System under various weather conditions [J].Frequenz,2016,70(9-10):433-441.
[6] WANG R X,LIU B,LI H R,et al..Variation of strong dust storm events in Northern China during 1978-2007 [J].Atmos.Res.,2017,183:166-172.
[7] 董庆生.我国典型沙区中沙尘的物理特性 [J].电波科学学报,1997,12(1):15-25.DONG Q S.Physical characteristics of the sand and dust in different deserts of China [J].Chin.J.Radio Sci.,1997,12(1):15-25.(in Chinese)
[8] 周碧.黄土高原半干旱区气溶胶辐射特性观测研究 [D].兰州:兰州大学,2012.ZHOU B.Measurements of Aerosol Radiative Properties over Semi-arid Region of the Loess Plateau [D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2012.(in Chinese)
[9] 王红霞,竹有章,田涛,等.激光在不同类型气溶胶中传输特性研究 [J].物理学报,2013,62(2):024214-1-3.WANG H X,ZHU Y Z,TIAN T,et al..Characteristics of laser transmission in different types of aerosols [J].Acta Phys.Sinica,2013,62(2):024214-1-3.(in Chinese)
[10] ISLAM M R,OMER ELSHAIKH Z E,KHALIFA O O,et al..Prediction of signal attenuation due to duststorms using Mie scattering [J].IIUM Eng.J.,2010,11(1):71-87.
[11] 闵星,李兴财,李新碗,等.带电沙尘暴对电磁波传播过程的影响 [J].光学学报,2015,35(1):0129001-1-8.MIN X,LI X C,LI X W,et al..Effects of charged sandstorm on electromagnetic wave propagation [J].Acta Opt.Sinica,2015,35(1):0129001-1-8.(in Chinese)
[12] LI H S,SANG X Y.SNR and transmission error rate for remote laser communication system in real atmosphere channel [J].Sens.Actuators A Phys.,2017,258:156-162.
[13] WANG H Q,WANG X,CAO M H.Ergodic channel capacity of spatial correlated multiple-input multiple-output free space optical links using multipulse pulse-position modulation [J].Opt.Eng.,2017,56(2):026103.
[14] 韩立强,游雅晖.大气衰减和大气湍流效应下多输入多输出自由空间光通信的性能 [J].中国激光,2016,43(7):0706004-1-8.HAN L Q,YOU Y H.Performance of multiple input multiple output free space optical communication under atmospheric turbulence and atmospheric attenuation [J].Chin.J.Lasers,2016,43(7):0706004-1-8.(in Chinese)
[15] 董庆生,赵振维,丛洪军.沙尘引起的毫米波衰减 [J].电波科学学报,1996,11(2):29-32.DONG Q S,ZHAO Z W,CONG H J.The mm-wave attenuation due to sand and dust [J].Chin.J.Radio Sci.,1996,11(2):29-32.(in Chinese)
[16] ALHUWAIMEL S,MISHRA A,INGGS M.Review of radar signal attenuation due to sand and dust storms [C].Proceedings of 2012 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications,Cape Town,South Africa,2012:1096-1099.
[17] SIHVOLA A H,KONG J A.Effective permittivity of dielectric mixtures [J].IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens.,1988,26(4):420-429.
[18] ELLISON W J.Permittivity of pure water,at standard atmospheric pressure,over the frequency range 0-25 THz and the temperature range 0-100 ℃ [J].J.Phys.Chem.Ref.Data,2007,36(1):1-18.
[19] ELSHEIKH E A A,ISLAM M R,HABAEBI M H,et al..Dust storm attenuation modeling based on measurements in Sudan [J].IEEE Trans.Antennas Propag.,2017,65(8):4200-4208.
[20] KIM I I,MCARTHUR B,KOREVAAR E J.Comparison of laser beam propagation at 785 nm and 1 550 nm in fog and haze for optical wireless communications [C].Proceedings of SPIE 4214,Optical Wireless Communications Ⅲ,Boston,MA,2001:26-37.
[21] RICKLIN J C,HAMMEL S M,EATON F D,et al..Atmospheric channel effects on free-space laser communication [J].J.Opt.Fiber Commun.Rep.,2006,3(2):111-158.
[22] WEI A H,HAN B,ZHAO W,et al..The influence of atmospheric turbulence on IM/DD space optical communication system [C].Proceedings of SPIE 8906,International Symposium on Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging 2013:Laser Communication Technologies and Systems,Beijing,China,2013:890610-1-8.