基于地质模式约束的中深层储层微相精细刻画——以渤海海域黄河口东洼渤中36构造区为例
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摘要
渤海海域黄河口东洼渤中36构造区东营组发育辫状河三角洲沉积,受探井较少及地震资料分辨率较低的影响,难以对储层进行精细刻画。利用岩心观察、地震属性分析、频谱分解等技术,以地质模式为约束,结合地质—地球物理方法,建立各微相的地质—地球物理响应关系,对中深层储层进行微相级别的精细预测与刻画。结果表明:研究区发育的主要微相包括前缘水下辫状河道、前缘河口坝及前缘席状砂;源汇体系、微古地貌特征与断裂活动为控制研究区沉积体发育的主要因素,其中源汇体系控制碎屑物质的搬运方向、微古地貌决定砂体的富集位置、断裂活动控制储层的汇聚区域。沉积体发育的主控因素决定储层的沉积模式,约束各微相的井震响应及平面地震相展布,实现中深层储层微相级别的精细刻画。该方法在探井较少时,将储层刻画至微相级别,为中深层古近系储层的精细研究提供依据。
In offshore East Huanghekou Sag,Bohai Sea oil exploration,the lack of well data and poor seismic imaging strongly inhibited the precise prediction of Palaeogene braided delta reservoir sandbodies.An advanced method for medium-deep reservoir precise prediction based on sedimentary analysis and geophysical techniques was proposed.The method which emphasizes core analysis,seismic attributes analysis and spectrum decomposition technology was supposed to guide the further precise prediction of microfacies reservoir.Several conclusions were drawn based on our research:three types of microfacies were recognized,including front subaqueous braided channel,front mouth bar and front sand sheet.Three key factors which controlled the development of Palaeogene medium-deep reservoir were analyzed,including source-sink system,micro-palaeogeomorphology and fault activity.The source-sink system controlled the transport direction of braided delta,and micro-palaeogeomorphology had an impact on the development position of each microfacies,and fault activity influenced the distribution area of reservoir sandbodies.Sedimentary model was raised up based on the analysis of sedimentary-controlling factors,and the lateral seismic facies distribution was constrained by this model.Thus the distribution ranges of sedimentary microfacies could be precisely characterized,and medium-deep reservoir could be precisely characterized into microfacies scale.This method offered a new thought for Palaeogene medium-deep reservoir precise prediction overcoming the disadvantages of insufficient drilling well data and poor seismic imaging,and provided basis for the well site deployment and reduced exploration risks.
In offshore East Huanghekou Sag,Bohai Sea oil exploration,the lack of well data and poor seismic imaging strongly inhibited the precise prediction of Palaeogene braided delta reservoir sandbodies.An advanced method for medium-deep reservoir precise prediction based on sedimentary analysis and geophysical techniques was proposed.The method which emphasizes core analysis,seismic attributes analysis and spectrum decomposition technology was supposed to guide the further precise prediction of microfacies reservoir.Several conclusions were drawn based on our research:three types of microfacies were recognized,including front subaqueous braided channel,front mouth bar and front sand sheet.Three key factors which controlled the development of Palaeogene medium-deep reservoir were analyzed,including source-sink system,micro-palaeogeomorphology and fault activity.The source-sink system controlled the transport direction of braided delta,and micro-palaeogeomorphology had an impact on the development position of each microfacies,and fault activity influenced the distribution area of reservoir sandbodies.Sedimentary model was raised up based on the analysis of sedimentary-controlling factors,and the lateral seismic facies distribution was constrained by this model.Thus the distribution ranges of sedimentary microfacies could be precisely characterized,and medium-deep reservoir could be precisely characterized into microfacies scale.This method offered a new thought for Palaeogene medium-deep reservoir precise prediction overcoming the disadvantages of insufficient drilling well data and poor seismic imaging,and provided basis for the well site deployment and reduced exploration risks.
引文
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[19]李峰峰,李军,高志前,等.浅水辫状河三角洲前缘沉积特征及储层砂体预测———以黄骅坳陷埕北低断阶沙二段为例[J].东北石油大学学报,2016,40(6):74-81.LI Fengfeng,LI Jun,GAO Zhiqian,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and prediction of shallow water braided river delta front:an example form Sha2Member of Chengbei Low Step fault block,Huanghua Depression[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2016,40(6):74-81.
[20]HENTZ T F,AMBROSE W A,CARR D L.Reservoir systems of the Pennsylvanian lower Atoka Group(Bend Conglomerate),Northern Fort Worth Basin,Texas:high-resolution facies distribution,structural controls on sedimentation,and production trends[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(7):1301-1332.
[21]DIXON J F,STEEL R J,OLARIU C.A model for cutting and healing of deltaic mouth bars at the shelf edge:mechanism for BasinMargin Accretion[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2013(83):284-299.
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[23]WANG Y.Seismic time-frequency spectral decomposition by matching pursuit[J].Geophysics,2007,72(1):13-20.
[24]吴奎,吴俊刚,张中巧,等.辽中凹陷北部湖底扇沉积模式及地震响应特征[J].东北石油大学学报,2012,36(5):33-37.WU Kui,WU Jungang,ZHANG Zhongqiao,et al.Sedimentary model and seismic response characteristics of the sublacustrine fan in Northern Liaozhong Depression[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2012,36(5):33-37.
[25]李素华,李兆影.官渡构造下沙溪庙组致密砂岩储层有效识别[J].东北石油大学学报,2014,38(2):35-42.LI Suhua,LI Zhaoying.Effective identification of tight sandstone reservoir of lower Shaximiao Formation in Guandu Structure[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2014,38(2):35-42.
[26]陈建阳,田昌炳,周新茂,等.融合多种地震属性的沉积微相研究与储层建模[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(1):98-102.CHEN Jianyang,TIAN Changbing,ZHOU Xinmao,et al.Sedimentary microfacies studies and reservoir modelling by integration of multiple seismic attributes[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(1):98-102.
[27]周晓光,黄晓波,宋章强,等.环渤中凹陷西次洼东三段物源要素表征及其对砂体差异富集的控制[J].东北石油大学学报,2017,41(6):9-14.ZHOU Xiaoguang,HUANG Xiaobo,SONG Zhangqiang,et al.Provenance element control over the differential sedimentation of sand body in Ed3of West Sag Around Bozhong Depression[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2017,41(6):9-14.
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[2]POSAMENTIER H W.Seismic geomorphology and depositional systems of deep water environments:observations from offshore Nigeria,gulf of Mexico and Indonesia(abs.)[C].[S.l.]:AAPG Annual Convention Program,2001:160.
[3]ZENG Hongliu,HENTZ T F.High-frequency sequences stratigraphy from seismic sedimentrology:applied to Miocene,Vermilion Block 50,Tiger Shoal Area,Offshore Louisiana[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(2):153-174.
[4]曾洪流,朱筱敏,朱如凯,等.陆相坳陷型盆地地震沉积学研究规范[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):275-284.ZENG Hongliu,ZHU Xiaomin,ZHU Rukai,et al.Guidelines for seismic sedimentologic study in non-marine postrift basins[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):275-284.
[5]杨懿,姜在兴,魏小洁,等.利用地震属性分析沉积环境的误区:以辽河盆地滩海东部凹陷东二段为例[J].地学前缘,2012,19(1):221-227.YANG Yi,JIANG Zaixing,WEI Xiaojie,et al.Pitfall in sedimentary interpretation using seismic attributes:an example from Dong2Member in east depression,offshore area of Liaohe Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(1):221-227.
[6]徐长贵.陆相断陷盆地源—汇时空耦合控砂原理:基本思想、概念体系及控砂模式[J].中国海上油气,2013,25(4):3-11.XU Changgui.Controlling sand principle of source-sink coupling in time and space in continental rift basins:basic idea,conceptual systems and controlling sand models[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2013,25(4):3-11.
[7]朱红涛,徐长贵,朱筱敏,等.陆相盆地源—汇系统要素耦合研究进展[J].地球科学,2017,42(11):1851-1870.ZHU Hongtao,XU Changgui,ZHU Xiaomin,et al.Advances of the source-to-sink units and coupling model research in continental basin[J].Earth Science,2017,42(11):1851-1870.
[8]TOR T S,HELLAND W,MARTINSEN O J,et al.Relationships between morphological and sedimentological parameters in sourceto-sink system:a basin for predicting semi-quantitative characteristics in subsurface systems[J].Basin Research,2009(21):361-387.
[9]冯有良,徐秀生.同沉积构造坡折带对岩性油气藏富集带的控制作用:以渤海湾盆地古近系为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(1):22-31.FENG Youliang,XU Xiusheng.Syndepositional structural slope-break zone controls on lithologic reservoir:a case from Paleogene Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(1):22-31.
[10]林畅松,潘元林,肖建新,等.构造坡折带—断陷湖盆层序和油气预测的重要概念[J].地球科学,2000,25(3):260-267.LIN Changsong,PAN Yuanlin,XIAO Jianxin,et al.Structral slope break zone-an important concept for rift subsidence basin sequence and petroleum prediction[J].Earth Science,2000,25(3):260-267.
[11]徐长贵.渤海海域古近系坡折带成因类型及其对砂体的控制作用[J].中国海上油气,2006,19(6):365-371.XU Changgui.Genetic types of Paleogene slope-break zones and their controls on depositional system in Bohai Offshore[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2006,19(6):365-371.
[12]郑敬贵,王昕,杜晓峰,等.沉积成因过程分析方法在沉积体系研究中的应用:以渤海海域渤中A区沙二段为例[J].中国海上油气,2012,24(增刊1):19-28.ZHENG Jinggui,WANG Xin,DU Xiaofeng,et al.Applying process analysis of sedimentary origen in researches of sedimentary system:a case of Member E2s2in BZ-A block,Bohai Water[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2012,24(Supp.1):19-28.
[13]杨江海,马严.源—汇沉积过程的深时古气候意义[J].地球科学,2017,42(11):1910-1921.YANG Jianghai,MA Yan.Paleoclimate perspectives of source-to-sink sedimentary processes[J].Earth Science,2017,42(11):1910-1921.
[14]张宇.渤南洼陷同沉积断裂构造坡折带对沉积的控制作用[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2010,40(5):860-865.ZHANG Yu.The controlling role of syndepositional fault structural slope-break zone to depositional system in Bonan Sub-Sag[J].Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition),2010,40(5):860-865.
[15]傅强,付晓伟,夏庆龙,等.黄河口凹陷古近系东营组沉积层序格架与油气聚集[J].中国海上油气,2010,22(5):290-295.FU Qiang,FU Xiaowei,XIA Qinglong,et al.Sedimentary sequence framework and hydrocarbon accumulation in Paleogene Dongying Formation,Huanghekou Sag[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2010,22(5):290-295.
[16]张新涛,周心怀,牛成民,等.渤海湾盆地黄河口凹陷油气成藏模式[J].石油天然气学报,2014,36(3):30-36.ZHANG Xintao,ZHOU Xinhuai,NIU Chengmin,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation mode in Huanghekou Sag of Bohai Basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Techology,2014,36(3):30-36.
[17]张新涛,周心怀,牛成民,等.黄河口凹陷古近纪构造坡折带对沉积体系的控制[J].地质论评,2014,60(2):332-338.ZHANG Xintao,ZHOU Xinhuai,NIU Chengmin,et al.Constraints by tectonic slope-break zones on the depositional systems in Eogene in the sag of the Yellow River Estuary[J].Geological Review,2014,60(2):332-338.
[18]李建平,辛仁臣,向淑敏,等.渤海湾盆地黄河口凹陷古近系东营组三段沉积特征[J].古地理学报,2008,10(4):363-370.LI Jianping,XIN Renchen,XIANG Shumin,et al.Sedimentary characteristics of the Member 3of Paleogene Dongying Formation in Huanghekou Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2008,10(4):363-370.
[19]李峰峰,李军,高志前,等.浅水辫状河三角洲前缘沉积特征及储层砂体预测———以黄骅坳陷埕北低断阶沙二段为例[J].东北石油大学学报,2016,40(6):74-81.LI Fengfeng,LI Jun,GAO Zhiqian,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and prediction of shallow water braided river delta front:an example form Sha2Member of Chengbei Low Step fault block,Huanghua Depression[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2016,40(6):74-81.
[20]HENTZ T F,AMBROSE W A,CARR D L.Reservoir systems of the Pennsylvanian lower Atoka Group(Bend Conglomerate),Northern Fort Worth Basin,Texas:high-resolution facies distribution,structural controls on sedimentation,and production trends[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(7):1301-1332.
[21]DIXON J F,STEEL R J,OLARIU C.A model for cutting and healing of deltaic mouth bars at the shelf edge:mechanism for BasinMargin Accretion[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2013(83):284-299.
[22]张延章,尹寿鹏,张巧玲,等.地震分频技术的地质内涵及其效果分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(1):64-71.ZHANG Yanzhang,YIN Shoupeng,ZHANG Qiaoling,et al.Geologic significance of the seismic spectral decomposition technology and its application analysis[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(1):64-71.
[23]WANG Y.Seismic time-frequency spectral decomposition by matching pursuit[J].Geophysics,2007,72(1):13-20.
[24]吴奎,吴俊刚,张中巧,等.辽中凹陷北部湖底扇沉积模式及地震响应特征[J].东北石油大学学报,2012,36(5):33-37.WU Kui,WU Jungang,ZHANG Zhongqiao,et al.Sedimentary model and seismic response characteristics of the sublacustrine fan in Northern Liaozhong Depression[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2012,36(5):33-37.
[25]李素华,李兆影.官渡构造下沙溪庙组致密砂岩储层有效识别[J].东北石油大学学报,2014,38(2):35-42.LI Suhua,LI Zhaoying.Effective identification of tight sandstone reservoir of lower Shaximiao Formation in Guandu Structure[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2014,38(2):35-42.
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