模拟高住低练对青少年拳击运动员免疫指标的影响
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摘要
研究目的:使用低压低氧舱模拟高原环境对青少年拳击运动员进行高住低练,探讨高原训练对青少年运动员免疫指标的影响。研究方法:16名男子拳击运动员,随机分为对照组(8人)和实验组(8人),实验组进行4周的高住低练(模拟海拔2 000 m),日常训练(海拔300 m),夜间舱内睡眠10 h。对照组进行常压常氧正常训练和睡眠。每周一进行血液指标采集,采用Beckman Coulter XL-MCL流式细胞仪测定白细胞(WBC)计数、中性粒细胞(NE)、淋巴细胞(LY%)、单核细胞、CD4~+、CD8~+等免疫指标。结果:1)免疫细胞:实验组WBC计数组内比较在HILO-1周降低,HILO-2、4周呈上升趋势,组间、组内对照均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。淋巴细胞数量(LY%)组内对比HILO-1、2、3周均为下降趋势,HILO-4周组内对照升高13.52%(P<0.05),组间对比无统计学意义(P>0.05)。中性粒细胞(NE)整体处于上升趋势,HILO-4周组内对比上升了22.99%(P<0.01),HILO-4周组间对比上升18.06%(P<0.05)。单核细胞在HILO-1、3周组间对比呈上升趋势,但均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2)淋巴细胞亚群:T总(CD3~+)实验组组内对比发现HILO-1、2、3周均呈下降趋势,HILO-3周组内对比下降了20.37%,组间对比下降了16.89%(P<0.05),但T总在HILO-4周组间对比升高了22.11%(P<0.01),组内对比升高了13.78%(P<0.05)。CD4~+整体呈上升趋势,HILO-3、4周组间与组内对比差异显著(P<0.05)。CD8~+在HILO-2、4周为上升趋势,而在HILO-1、3、5周为下降趋势,呈交替式变化,HILO-5周组间、组内对比均差异显著(P<0.05)。CD4~+/CD8~+在HILO-3周、4周均呈上升趋势,其中在HILO-5周组内对比上升了129.41%,组间对比上升了116.66%(P<0.01)。3)免疫球蛋白:血清免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM不同时间点组间对比在HILO-1周均出现下降趋势,但无显著性变化。IgA在HILO-3周出现上升趋势,IgG在HILO-2、3周呈上升趋势,IgM在HILO-4周呈上升趋势,组间、组内对比均不具有显著性差异(P>0.05)。IgA、IgG在HILO-5周组间对比出现下降趋势,而IgM呈上升状态但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:模拟高住低练环境训练对青少年拳击运动员的免疫指标产生影响,但未出现异常反应,CD8~+指标对低压低氧双刺激较为敏感,可以作为监控免疫的指标之一。
Objective: The effect of altitude training on the immune index of young athletes was investigated by using low pressure and low oxygen chamber to simulate the altitude environment. Methods: 16 men's boxer were randomly divided into control group(n=8) and experimental group(n=8). The experimental group underwent 4 weeks of living high and training low(simulated altitude 2 000 m), daily training(altitude 300 m), and 10 hours of sleep in the chamber. The control group had normal training and sleep. And it was tested on Monday of every training week, including the white blood cell count, Neutrophils(NE), lymphocyte(LY%), monocyte, T4 and T8 immune index were measured by the Beckman Coulter XL-MCL flow cytometry instrument. Results: 1) Immune cells: the experimental group of WBC decreased at the HILO-1 week, but at HILO-2 and 4 weeks showed an uptrend, with no statistically significant difference between the group and in the group(P>0.05). Compared with HILO-1, 2, 3 weeks in the number of lymphocyte(LY%), the decrease trend is observed in the HILO-4 weeks group, with a 13.52% increase(P < 0.05), but no statistically significant difference between the groups. Neutrophilic granulocyte(NE) is on the rise, and the contrast in the HILO-4 week increased by 22.99%(P < 0.01), and the contrast between the HILO-4 week increased by 18.06%(P < 0.05). The comparison of monocytes in the HILO-1 and 3 weeks showed an uptrend but no statistical significance(P<0.05). 2) Lymphocyte subsets: T(CD3~+) of the experimental group in HILO-1, 2, 3 weeks are declining, the HILO-3 week of contrast in group fell by 20.37%, and contrast between groups also fell by 16.89%(P < 0.05), but at the HILO-4 week of contrast between group increased by 22.11%(P < 0.01), compared to rose 13.78% in the group(P < 0.05). CD4~+ overall showed an upward trend, and the difference between HILO-3 and 4 weeks are significant difference(P < 0.05). CD8~+ is increased in HILO-2, 4 weeks, while in HILO-1, 3, and 5 weeks, the decrease trend is changed. In HILO-5 weeks, there is significant difference between the groups and in the group(P < 0.05). CD4~+/CD8~+ showed an upward trend in HILO-3, 4 weeks, in the HILO-5 week is increased with 129.41% in the group and 116.66% between groups(P<0.01).3) Immunoglobulin: Serum immunoglobulin IgA, IgG and IgM showed a decrease in HILO-1 week, but no significant changes are observed(P>0.05). IgA showed an upward trend in HILO-3 weeks. IgG increased in HILO-2 and 3 weeks, and IgM showed an upward trend in HILO-4 week. There is no significant difference between groups and groups(P>0.05). IgA and IgG showed a decreasing trend in HILO-5 week group, while IgM showed a rising state but no significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusion: The environment of simulated living high and training low has effect on the immune indexes of boxing athletes for adolescents, but does not appear abnormal response, CD8~+ index in double stimulation is more sensitive to low oxygen and can be used as one of monitor immune index.
Objective: The effect of altitude training on the immune index of young athletes was investigated by using low pressure and low oxygen chamber to simulate the altitude environment. Methods: 16 men's boxer were randomly divided into control group(n=8) and experimental group(n=8). The experimental group underwent 4 weeks of living high and training low(simulated altitude 2 000 m), daily training(altitude 300 m), and 10 hours of sleep in the chamber. The control group had normal training and sleep. And it was tested on Monday of every training week, including the white blood cell count, Neutrophils(NE), lymphocyte(LY%), monocyte, T4 and T8 immune index were measured by the Beckman Coulter XL-MCL flow cytometry instrument. Results: 1) Immune cells: the experimental group of WBC decreased at the HILO-1 week, but at HILO-2 and 4 weeks showed an uptrend, with no statistically significant difference between the group and in the group(P>0.05). Compared with HILO-1, 2, 3 weeks in the number of lymphocyte(LY%), the decrease trend is observed in the HILO-4 weeks group, with a 13.52% increase(P < 0.05), but no statistically significant difference between the groups. Neutrophilic granulocyte(NE) is on the rise, and the contrast in the HILO-4 week increased by 22.99%(P < 0.01), and the contrast between the HILO-4 week increased by 18.06%(P < 0.05). The comparison of monocytes in the HILO-1 and 3 weeks showed an uptrend but no statistical significance(P<0.05). 2) Lymphocyte subsets: T(CD3~+) of the experimental group in HILO-1, 2, 3 weeks are declining, the HILO-3 week of contrast in group fell by 20.37%, and contrast between groups also fell by 16.89%(P < 0.05), but at the HILO-4 week of contrast between group increased by 22.11%(P < 0.01), compared to rose 13.78% in the group(P < 0.05). CD4~+ overall showed an upward trend, and the difference between HILO-3 and 4 weeks are significant difference(P < 0.05). CD8~+ is increased in HILO-2, 4 weeks, while in HILO-1, 3, and 5 weeks, the decrease trend is changed. In HILO-5 weeks, there is significant difference between the groups and in the group(P < 0.05). CD4~+/CD8~+ showed an upward trend in HILO-3, 4 weeks, in the HILO-5 week is increased with 129.41% in the group and 116.66% between groups(P<0.01).3) Immunoglobulin: Serum immunoglobulin IgA, IgG and IgM showed a decrease in HILO-1 week, but no significant changes are observed(P>0.05). IgA showed an upward trend in HILO-3 weeks. IgG increased in HILO-2 and 3 weeks, and IgM showed an upward trend in HILO-4 week. There is no significant difference between groups and groups(P>0.05). IgA and IgG showed a decreasing trend in HILO-5 week group, while IgM showed a rising state but no significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusion: The environment of simulated living high and training low has effect on the immune indexes of boxing athletes for adolescents, but does not appear abnormal response, CD8~+ index in double stimulation is more sensitive to low oxygen and can be used as one of monitor immune index.
引文
常芸,何子红,王莱芮,等,2002.高原训练对国家短道速滑运动员细胞免疫功能的影响[J].体育科学,22(1):86-90.
范越,2017.初次进行高原训练对青少年游泳运动员运动能力及通气功能的影响[D].北京:北京体育大学.
傅涛,江伟,刘智强,等,2017.力竭运动应激对小鼠脾T、B淋巴细胞功能及钾离子通道Kv1.3表达的影响[J].北京体育大学学报,40(9):42-47.
甘春龙,赵晋,徐杨,等,2014.不同海拔高原训练对亚高原地区青少年运动员免疫机能的影响[C]//中国运动生理生化学术会议.
何跃华,2009.4周高原训练对外周血中免疫细胞数量及比例的影响[J].游泳,(5):52-55.
黄旭,2014.青少年男子长跑运动员高原冬训期高强度间歇性训练研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学.
刘莉,林建棣,成伟栋,等,2003.T淋巴细胞及其亚群与运动免疫[J].中国组织工程研究,7(18):2634-2635.
孟志军,2014.4周海拔1 900~2 600米交替训练对世居高原女子长跑运动员红细胞系和白细胞系相关指标的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,33(9):914-916.
沈惠,王兴,2016.基于知识图谱的国内高原训练研究现状及热点解析[J].中国体育教练员,24(4):32-34.
宋小波,2014b.青少年游泳运动员高原训练应激与适应的观察[D].北京:北京体育大学.
宋小波,陆一帆,王斌,等,2017a.儿童青少年游泳运动员高原训练心脏功能变化研究[J].中国体育科技,53(5):101-109.
唐斌,2015.不同低氧训练方式对大鼠血清Ig A、Ig G和Ig M的影响[J].湖北体育科技,(7):593-595.
童博,2016.哈尔滨游泳集训队少年组运动员高原训练前后生理指标和训练效果的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学.
王迪,刘建,梅晓涛,等,2015.世居高原青少年长跑运动员进行高原--亚高原交替训练的实验研究[C]//2015全国体育科学大会.
王恬,陈佩杰,高炳宏,2006.模拟低氧训练对女子赛艇运动员淋巴细胞亚群等指标变化的影响[J].体育科学,26(6):59-61.
肖军,李小薇,雷慧芬,等,2017.高原环境对人外周血细胞的影响[J].中国输血杂志,30(8):870-872.
谢红,郝选明,黄海,等,2002.T淋巴细胞活性对有氧运动的免疫应答与适应特征[J].中国运动医学杂志,21(2):206-207.
徐婷,2017.青少年身体发育特征及其训练方法研究[J].内江科技,(12):104.
杨清源,2018.拳击赛前上下高原训练血液指标变化特征[J].武术研究,(1):97-100,111.
于涛,常芸,赵鹏,等,2016.亚高原训练对中国优秀女子举重运动员身体机能状态的影响[J].体育科学,36(12):67-71.
赵永才,高炳宏,吴格林,等,2012.高住低练对游泳运动员红细胞免疫黏附功能及白细胞计数的影响[J].中国应用生理学杂志,28(4):356-360.
张勇,李之俊,2005.模拟低住高练(LoHi)对自行车运动员免疫功能的影响[J].体育科学,25(11):26-28.
郑慧芳,杨建文,2006.高原训练对免疫指标的影响[J].吉林体育学院学报,22(4):66-67.
DONG J,CHEN P,WANG R,et al.,2011.NADPH oxidase:a target for the modulation of the excessive oxidase damage induced by overtraining in rat neutrophils[J].Int J Biol Sci,7(6):881-891.
MAZZEO R S,2005.Altitude,exercise and immune function.[J].Exerc Immunol Rev,11(11):6-16.
PEDERSEN B K,STEENSBERG A,2002.Exercise and hypoxia:effects on leukocytes and interleukin-6-shared mechanisms?[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,34(12):2004-2013.
SON H J,KIM H J,KIM J H,et al.,2012.Erythropoietin,2,3 DPG,oxygen transport capacity,and altitude training in adolescent Alpine skiers[J].Aviat Space Environ Med,83(1):50-53.
STEPPICH B,DAYYANI F,GRUBER R,et al.,2000.Selective mobilization of CD14+CD16+monocytes by exercise[J].Am J Physiol Cell Physiol,279(3):C578-586.
范越,2017.初次进行高原训练对青少年游泳运动员运动能力及通气功能的影响[D].北京:北京体育大学.
傅涛,江伟,刘智强,等,2017.力竭运动应激对小鼠脾T、B淋巴细胞功能及钾离子通道Kv1.3表达的影响[J].北京体育大学学报,40(9):42-47.
甘春龙,赵晋,徐杨,等,2014.不同海拔高原训练对亚高原地区青少年运动员免疫机能的影响[C]//中国运动生理生化学术会议.
何跃华,2009.4周高原训练对外周血中免疫细胞数量及比例的影响[J].游泳,(5):52-55.
黄旭,2014.青少年男子长跑运动员高原冬训期高强度间歇性训练研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学.
刘莉,林建棣,成伟栋,等,2003.T淋巴细胞及其亚群与运动免疫[J].中国组织工程研究,7(18):2634-2635.
孟志军,2014.4周海拔1 900~2 600米交替训练对世居高原女子长跑运动员红细胞系和白细胞系相关指标的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,33(9):914-916.
沈惠,王兴,2016.基于知识图谱的国内高原训练研究现状及热点解析[J].中国体育教练员,24(4):32-34.
宋小波,2014b.青少年游泳运动员高原训练应激与适应的观察[D].北京:北京体育大学.
宋小波,陆一帆,王斌,等,2017a.儿童青少年游泳运动员高原训练心脏功能变化研究[J].中国体育科技,53(5):101-109.
唐斌,2015.不同低氧训练方式对大鼠血清Ig A、Ig G和Ig M的影响[J].湖北体育科技,(7):593-595.
童博,2016.哈尔滨游泳集训队少年组运动员高原训练前后生理指标和训练效果的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学.
王迪,刘建,梅晓涛,等,2015.世居高原青少年长跑运动员进行高原--亚高原交替训练的实验研究[C]//2015全国体育科学大会.
王恬,陈佩杰,高炳宏,2006.模拟低氧训练对女子赛艇运动员淋巴细胞亚群等指标变化的影响[J].体育科学,26(6):59-61.
肖军,李小薇,雷慧芬,等,2017.高原环境对人外周血细胞的影响[J].中国输血杂志,30(8):870-872.
谢红,郝选明,黄海,等,2002.T淋巴细胞活性对有氧运动的免疫应答与适应特征[J].中国运动医学杂志,21(2):206-207.
徐婷,2017.青少年身体发育特征及其训练方法研究[J].内江科技,(12):104.
杨清源,2018.拳击赛前上下高原训练血液指标变化特征[J].武术研究,(1):97-100,111.
于涛,常芸,赵鹏,等,2016.亚高原训练对中国优秀女子举重运动员身体机能状态的影响[J].体育科学,36(12):67-71.
赵永才,高炳宏,吴格林,等,2012.高住低练对游泳运动员红细胞免疫黏附功能及白细胞计数的影响[J].中国应用生理学杂志,28(4):356-360.
张勇,李之俊,2005.模拟低住高练(LoHi)对自行车运动员免疫功能的影响[J].体育科学,25(11):26-28.
郑慧芳,杨建文,2006.高原训练对免疫指标的影响[J].吉林体育学院学报,22(4):66-67.
DONG J,CHEN P,WANG R,et al.,2011.NADPH oxidase:a target for the modulation of the excessive oxidase damage induced by overtraining in rat neutrophils[J].Int J Biol Sci,7(6):881-891.
MAZZEO R S,2005.Altitude,exercise and immune function.[J].Exerc Immunol Rev,11(11):6-16.
PEDERSEN B K,STEENSBERG A,2002.Exercise and hypoxia:effects on leukocytes and interleukin-6-shared mechanisms?[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,34(12):2004-2013.
SON H J,KIM H J,KIM J H,et al.,2012.Erythropoietin,2,3 DPG,oxygen transport capacity,and altitude training in adolescent Alpine skiers[J].Aviat Space Environ Med,83(1):50-53.
STEPPICH B,DAYYANI F,GRUBER R,et al.,2000.Selective mobilization of CD14+CD16+monocytes by exercise[J].Am J Physiol Cell Physiol,279(3):C578-586.