养殖场来源的环境颗粒物特征分析
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摘要
养殖场是环境颗粒物(PM)的重要来源。高浓度PM对环境危害严重,影响人类和动物的健康。分析了养殖场颗粒物(PM)的来源、浓度、粒径大小及分布、化学组成,并提出了养殖场PM的减排措施。
Farms were an important source of environmental particulate matter( PM). High concentration of PM was harmful to the environment,affecting people and animal health. The source,concentration,size and distribution,chemical composition of PM in farms were analyzed,and some measures for emission reduction were proposed.
Farms were an important source of environmental particulate matter( PM). High concentration of PM was harmful to the environment,affecting people and animal health. The source,concentration,size and distribution,chemical composition of PM in farms were analyzed,and some measures for emission reduction were proposed.
引文
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[32]TAKAI H,PEDERSEN S.A comparison study of different dust control methods in pig buildings[J].Applied engineering in agriculture,2000,3(16):269-277.
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[36]ALMUHANNA E.Dust control in livestock buildings with electrostatically-charged water spray[D].Manhattan:Kansas State University,2007:236.
[37]RONG L,NIESLEN P V,TONG G,et al.Computational fluid dynamics study on the influence of airflow patterns on carbon dioxide distribution in a scaled livestock building[C]//International conference on agricultural engineerings.[s.l.]:[s.n.],2008.
[38]BULL M.Investigation of the impact of intensive broiler rearing on local fine particulate matter concentrations[J].Water and environment journal,2008,22(1):25-31.
[39]VISSER M C,FAIRCHILD B,CZARICK M,et al.Fine particle measurements inside and outside tunnelventilated broiler houses[J].Journal of applied poultry research,2006,15(3):394-405.
[2]ANDERSEN C I,VON ESSEN S G,SMITH L M,et al.Respiratory symptoms and airway obstruction in swine veterinarians:A persistent problem[J].American journal of industrial medicine,2004,46(4):386-392.
[3]RADON K,WEBER C,IVERSEN M,et al.Exposure assessment and lung function in pig and poultry farmers[J].Occupational and environmental medicine,2001,58(6):405-410.
[4]PHILLIPS V R,HOLDEN M R,SNEATH R W,et al.The development of robust methods for measuring concentrations and emission rates of gaseous and particulate air pollutants in livestock buildings[J].Journal of agricultural engineering research,2008,70(1):11-24.
[5]GRIMM E.Control of PM emissions from livestock farming installations in Germany[C]//HINZ T,TAMOSCHAT-DEPOLT K.Proceedings of particulate matter in and from agriculture.[s.l.]:FAL Agricultural Research,2007.
[6]CHARDON W J,VAN DER HOEK K W.Berekeningsmethode voor de emissie van fijn stof vanuit de landbouw[R].Alterra/RIVM,2002:35.
[7]TAKAI H,PEDERSEN S,JOHNSEN J O,et al.Concentrations and emissions of airborne dust in livestock buildings in Northern Europe[J].Journal of agricultural engineering research,1998,70(1):59-77.
[8]DONHAM K J,POPENDORF W,PALMGREN U,et al.Characterization of dusts collected from swine confinement buildings[J].American journal of industrial medicine,1986,10(3):294-297.
[9]HONEY L F,MCQUITTY J B.Some physical factors affecting dust concentrations in a pig facility[J].Canadian agricultural engineering,1979,21(1):9-14.
[10]AARNINK A J A,ROELOFS P F M M,ELLEN H H,et al.Dust sources in animal houses[C]//Proceedings of international symposium on dust control in animal production facilities.Aarhus,Denmark:[s.n.],1999.
[11]NILSSON C.Dust investigations in pig houses:Report 25[R].Swedish U-niversity of Agricultural Sciences,Department of Farm Buildings,Division of Farm Building Construction,1982:93.
[12]QI R,MANBECK H B,MAGHIRANG R G.Dust net generation rate in a poultry layer house[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1992,35(5):1639-1645.
[13]AARNINK A J A,STOCKHOFE-ZURWIEDEN N,WAGEMANS M J M.Dust in different housing systems for growing-finishing pigs[C]//Proceedings of engineering the future.Leuven,Belgium:[s.n.],2004.
[14]KALISTE E,LINNAINMAA M,MEKLIN T,et al.The bedding of laboratory animals as a source of airborne contaminants[J].Laboratory animals,2004,38(1):25-37.
[15]KALISTE E,LINNAINMAA M,MEKLIN T,et al.Airborne contaminants in conventional laboratory rabbit rooms[J].Laboratory animals,2002,36(1):43-50.
[16]ALMEIDA S M,PIO C A,FREITAS M C,et al.Source apportionment of fine and coarse particulate matter in a sub-urban area at the Western European Coast[J].Atmospheric environment,2005,39(17):3127-3138.
[17]ALMEIDA S M.Approaching PM2.5and PM2.5-10source apportionment by mass balance analysis,principal component analysis and particle size distribution[J].Science of the total environment,2006,368(2/3):663-674.
[18]HINZ T,LINKE S,PIO C A,et al.A comprehensive experimental study of aerial pollutants in and emissions from livestock buildings.Part 1:Methods[J].Journal of agricultural engineering research,1998,70(1):111-118.
[19]HINZ T,LINKE S.A comprehensive experimental study of aerial pollutants in and emissions from livestock buildings.Part 2:Results[J].Journal of agricultural engineering research,1998,70(1):119-129.
[20]ROMANN M,HINZ T.Particle size and shape distribution of stable dust analysed with laser diffraction and imaging technique[C]//HINZ T,TAMOSCHAT DEPOLT K.Proceedings of particulate matter in and from agriculture.[s.l.]:FAL Agricultural Research,2007.
[21]ROUMELIOTIS T S,VAN HEYST B J.Size fractionated particulate matter emissions from a broiler house in Southern Ontario,Canada[J].Science of the total environment,2007,383(1/2/3):174-182.
[22]YODER M F,VAN WICKLEN G L.Respirable aerosol generation by broiler chicken[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1988,31:1510-1517.
[23]MAGHIRANG R G,PUMA M C,LIU Y,et al.Dust concentrations and particle size distribution in an enclosed swine nursery[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1997,40(3):749-754.
[24]ICC and SRI(IC Consultants and Silsoe Research Institute).Atmospheric emissions of particulates from agriculture,a scoping study.Final peport for the ministry of agriculture[R].Fisheries and Food Research and Development,2000:97.
[25]HINZ T,LINKE S.Air quality and emission factors in turkey production[C]//ANEJA.Proceedings of workshop on air quality:State of the science.[s.l.]:[s.n.],2006:744-751.
[26]SEEDORF J,HARTUNG J.Emission of airborne particulates from animal production[C]//Livestock framing and the environment.Braunschweig:FAL,2001:15-22.
[27]HARTUNG J,SALEH M.Composition of dusts and effects on animals[C]//HINZ T,TAMOSCHAT-DEPOLT K.Proceedings of particulate matter in and from agriculture.[s.l.]:FAL Agricultural Research,2007.
[28]MAMANE Y,WILLIS R,CONNER T.Evaluation of computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy applied to an ambient urban aerosol sample[J].Aerosol science and technology,2001,34(1):97-107.
[29]SCHNEIDER T,SCHLUNSSEN V,VINZENTS P S,et al.Passive sampler used for simultaneous measurement of breathing zone size distribution,inhalable dust concentration and other size fractions involving large particles[J].Annals of occupational hygiene,2002,46(2):187-195.
[30]NANNEN C,SCHMITT-PAUKSZTAT G,BUSCHER W.Microscopic test of dust particles in pig fattening houses:Differences between dry and liquid feeding[J].Landtechnik,2005,60(4):218-219.
[31]GUARINO M,JACOBSON L D,JANNI K A.Dust reduction from oilbased feed additives[J].Applied engineering in agriculture,2007,23(3):329-332.
[32]TAKAI H,PEDERSEN S.A comparison study of different dust control methods in pig buildings[J].Applied engineering in agriculture,2000,3(16):269-277.
[33]GUSTAFSSON G,VON WACHENFELT E.Airborne dust control measures for floor housing system for laying hens[J].CIGR Ejournal,2006,VIII:1-13.
[34]TAN Z C,WANG X L,ZHANG Y.Aerodynamic deduster technologies for removing dust and ammonia in air streams[C]//Proceedings of international symposium livestock and environment.[s.l.]:ILES VII,2005.
[35]DOLEJS J,MASATA O,TOUFAR O.Elimination of dust production from stables for dairy cows[J].Czech journal of animal science,2006,51(7):305-310.
[36]ALMUHANNA E.Dust control in livestock buildings with electrostatically-charged water spray[D].Manhattan:Kansas State University,2007:236.
[37]RONG L,NIESLEN P V,TONG G,et al.Computational fluid dynamics study on the influence of airflow patterns on carbon dioxide distribution in a scaled livestock building[C]//International conference on agricultural engineerings.[s.l.]:[s.n.],2008.
[38]BULL M.Investigation of the impact of intensive broiler rearing on local fine particulate matter concentrations[J].Water and environment journal,2008,22(1):25-31.
[39]VISSER M C,FAIRCHILD B,CZARICK M,et al.Fine particle measurements inside and outside tunnelventilated broiler houses[J].Journal of applied poultry research,2006,15(3):394-405.