埃博拉病毒经气溶胶感染与传播的研究进展
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摘要
埃博拉病毒是一种可在人类及非人灵长类间通过接触传播的烈性病原微生物,致死率高达90%。目前关于埃博拉病毒能否在人际间经气溶胶传播,还未有定论。但经过多年研究表明,在实验室内,埃博拉病毒可通过气溶胶感染非人灵长类,极低剂量即可引起致命性感染。并且埃博拉病毒在动物间的气溶胶传播在实验室内已被证实。除此之外,埃博拉病毒变异速度惊人,不排除可导致大面积暴发的可能性。
Ebola virus disease has a fatality rate is as high as 90%and virus can be transmitted by contact between humans and non-human primates.There has been no definitive agreement on whether Ebola virus can be transmitted by aerosol.However,years of research have indicated that in the laboratory,Ebola virus can infect non-human primates by aerosol and extremely low doses can lead to fatal infections.Moreover,the transmission of Ebola virus among animals has been confirmed in the laboratory.In addition,Ebola virus has a remarkable rate of mutation,which does not rule out the possibility of widespread outbreaks.Researchers should focus on routes of Ebola virus transmission,its ability to spread across species,and new aspects and properties of the virus.
Ebola virus disease has a fatality rate is as high as 90%and virus can be transmitted by contact between humans and non-human primates.There has been no definitive agreement on whether Ebola virus can be transmitted by aerosol.However,years of research have indicated that in the laboratory,Ebola virus can infect non-human primates by aerosol and extremely low doses can lead to fatal infections.Moreover,the transmission of Ebola virus among animals has been confirmed in the laboratory.In addition,Ebola virus has a remarkable rate of mutation,which does not rule out the possibility of widespread outbreaks.Researchers should focus on routes of Ebola virus transmission,its ability to spread across species,and new aspects and properties of the virus.
引文
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[19]王中一,李佳明,付莹莹,等.埃博拉病毒糖蛋白与宿主细胞相互作用蛋白的筛选及生物信息学分析[J].中国病原生物学杂志,2018,13(05):489-493.
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[22]Wang Z,Li J,Fu Y,et al.A rapid screen for host-encoded miRNAs with inhibitory effects against Ebola virus using a transcription-and replication-competent virus-like particle system[J].Int J Mol Sci,2018,19(5),1488.
[2]Leffel EK,Reed DS.Marburg and Ebola viruses as aerosol threats[J].Biosecur Bioterror,2004,2(3):186-91.
[3]Salvaggio MR,Baddley JW.Other viral bioweapons:Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever[J].Dermatol Clin,2004,22(3):291-302.
[4]Johnson E,Jaax N,White J,et al.Lethal experimental infections of rhesus-monkeys by aerosolized Ebola-virus[J].Int J Exp Pathol,1995,76(4):227-36.
[5]Reed DS,Lackemeyer MG,Garza NL,et al.Aerosol exposure to Zaire ebolavirus in three nonhuman primate species:differences in disease course and clinical pathology[J].Microbes Infect,2011,13(11):930-6.
[6]Twenhafel NA,Mattix ME,Johnson JC,et al.Pathology of experimental aerosol Zaire ebolavirus infection in rhesus macaques[J].Vet Pathol,2013,50(3):514-29.
[7]Dalgard DW,Hardy RJ,Pearson SL,et al.Combined simian hemorrhagic fever and Ebola virus infection in cynomolgus monkeys[J].Lab Anim Sci,1992,42(2):152-7.
[8]Jaax N,Jahrling P,Geisbert T,et al.Transmission of Ebola virus(Zaire strain)to uninfected control monkeys in a biocontainment laboratory[J].Lancet,1995,346(8991-2):1669-71.
[9]Jahrling PB,Geisbert TW,Jaax NK,et al.Experimental infection of cynomolgus macaques with Ebola-reston filoviruses from the 1989-1990US epizootic[J].Arch Virol,1996(Supp1):115-34.
[10]Weingartl HM,Embury-Hyatt C,Nfon C,et al.Transmission of Ebola virus from pigs to non-human primates[J].Sci Rep,2012(2):811.
[11]Alimonti J,Leung A,Jones S,et al.Evaluation of transmission risks associated with in vivo replication of several high containment pathogens in a biosafety level 4laboratory[J].Scientific Reports,2014(4):5824.
[12]Gire SK,Goba A,Andersen KG,et al.Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014outbreak[J].Science,2014,345(6202):1369-72.
[13]Pratt WD,Wang D,Nichols DK,et al.Protection of nonhuman primates against two species of Ebola virus infection with a single complex adenovirus vector[J].Clin Vaccine Immunol,2010,17(4):572-81.
[14]Smither SJ,Eastaugh LS,Steward JA,et al.Post-exposure efficacy of Oral T-705(Favipiravir)against inhalational Ebola virus infection in a mouse model[J].Antiviral Res,2014(104):153-5.
[15]Geisbert TW,Daddario-Dicaprio KM,Geisbert JB,et al.Vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccines protect nonhuman primates against aerosol challenge with Ebola and Marburg viruses[J].Vaccine,2008,26(52):6894-900.
[16]Yang L J,Sanchez A,Ward J M,et al.A paramyxovirus-vectored intranasal vaccine against Ebola virus is immunogenic in vector-immune animals[J].Virology,2008,377(2):255-64.
[17]Bukreyev A,Rollin P E,Tate MK,et al.Successful topical respiratory tract immunization of primates against ebola virus[J].J Virol,2007,81(12):6379-88.
[18]蔡建秋,徐琳,涂长春,等.埃博拉病毒核蛋白抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立[J].中国病原生物学杂志,2017,12(1):1-4,9.
[19]王中一,李佳明,付莹莹,等.埃博拉病毒糖蛋白与宿主细胞相互作用蛋白的筛选及生物信息学分析[J].中国病原生物学杂志,2018,13(05):489-493.
[20]王中一,付莹莹,李佳明,等.埃博拉病毒复制、转录和翻译过程中宿主互作因子的研究进展[J].军事医学,2017,(11):938-941.
[21]Wang ZY,Guo ZD,Li JM,et al.Genome-Wide Search for Competing Endogenous RNAs Responsible for the Effects Induced by Ebola Virus Replication and Transcription Using a trVLP System[J].Front Cell Infect Microbiol,2017,7:479.
[22]Wang Z,Li J,Fu Y,et al.A rapid screen for host-encoded miRNAs with inhibitory effects against Ebola virus using a transcription-and replication-competent virus-like particle system[J].Int J Mol Sci,2018,19(5),1488.