基于微尺度造型的干气密封流动有序性数值分析
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摘要
基于干气密封微尺度流动特性,提出一种有序微造型的干气密封模型,可在提升密封性能的同时为激光开槽提供新的借鉴和参考.选择螺旋槽和T型槽两种干气密封经典槽型为研究对象进行仿真分析,通过文献对比验证了计算方法的正确性,在有序微造型的基础上进行了有无微造型性能分析和对比,最后对微尺度下微造型的密封性能开展了系统研究.结果表明:同工况下,微造型结构的开启力较传统结构有明显提升,在高速高压及微尺度时的提升量愈加显著;T槽型的对称性使得其微造型结构兼具一定的减漏效果,且随膜厚增大减漏效果越明显;微造型深度、数量和面积对密封性能影响较大,存在一个使开启力较大同时泄漏量较小的最优槽深(螺旋槽和T型槽分别为5.5和2.5μm)及微造型深度区间(螺旋槽和T型槽皆为0.9～1.2μm).具微造型结构良好的增压性能,有助于进一步提高干气密封的稳定性.
Based on the microscale flow characteristics of dry gas seal, an ordered microstructure dry gas seal model was proposed, which provided a new reference for laser surface texture while improving sealing performance. Two kinds of classic groove-spiral groove and T groove were selected as the research object for simulation analysis. The correctness of the calculation method was verified by literature comparison. Based on the optimal micro-modeling, the performance analysis and comparison of micro-modeling were carried out. The results show that, under the same working condition,the opening force of the microstructure was significantly improved compared with the traditional structure, and the lifting amount was more significant at high speed, high pressure and micro-scale. Because of the symmetry of T groove,the microstructure of T groove had a certain leakage reduction effect, and the leakage reduction effect was more obvious with the increase of film thickness. The microstructure depth, quantity and area had a great influence on the sealing performance. There existed an optimal groove depth(spiral groove and T groove were 5.5 and 2.5 μm respectively) and a microstructure depth interval(both spiral groove and T groove were 0.9～1.2 μm) that made the opening force larger and the leakage smaller. It had good supercharging performance of microstructure, which was helpful to further improve the stability of dry gas seal.
Based on the microscale flow characteristics of dry gas seal, an ordered microstructure dry gas seal model was proposed, which provided a new reference for laser surface texture while improving sealing performance. Two kinds of classic groove-spiral groove and T groove were selected as the research object for simulation analysis. The correctness of the calculation method was verified by literature comparison. Based on the optimal micro-modeling, the performance analysis and comparison of micro-modeling were carried out. The results show that, under the same working condition,the opening force of the microstructure was significantly improved compared with the traditional structure, and the lifting amount was more significant at high speed, high pressure and micro-scale. Because of the symmetry of T groove,the microstructure of T groove had a certain leakage reduction effect, and the leakage reduction effect was more obvious with the increase of film thickness. The microstructure depth, quantity and area had a great influence on the sealing performance. There existed an optimal groove depth(spiral groove and T groove were 5.5 and 2.5 μm respectively) and a microstructure depth interval(both spiral groove and T groove were 0.9～1.2 μm) that made the opening force larger and the leakage smaller. It had good supercharging performance of microstructure, which was helpful to further improve the stability of dry gas seal.
引文
[1]Polycarpou A,Etsion I.Static sealing performance of gas mechanical seals including surface roughness and rarefaction effects[J].Tribology Trans,1998,41(4):531-536.doi:10.1080/10402009808983779.
[2]Etsion I,Kligerman Y,Halperin G.Analytical and experimental investigation of laser-textured mechanical seal faces[J].Tribology Transactions,1999,42(3):511-516.doi:10.1080/10402009908982248.
[3]Wang Nan,Sheng Songen,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Influence of dimple diameter on dynamic performance of gas multi-pored face mechanical seal[J].Fluid Machinery,2009,37(10):14-18(in Chinese)[王楠,盛颂恩,白少先,等.气体多孔端面机械密封孔径尺寸对密封动态性能影响研究[J].流体机械,2009,37(10):14-18].doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2009.10.004.
[4]Xie Jing,Bai Shaoxian.The effect of high speed airflow lubrication on hydrodynamic properties of inclined-dimples face seals[J].Tribology,2017,37(6):806-813(in Chinese)[谢静,白少先.高速气流阻塞效应对倾斜微孔端面密封动压特性的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2017,37(6):806-813].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2017.06.012.
[5]Polycarpou A,Etsion I.Static sealing performance of gas mechanical seals including surface roughness and rarefaction effects[J].Tribology Trans,1998,41(4):531-536.doi:10.1080/10402009808983779.
[6]Stolarski T A,Xue Y.Performance study of a back-depression mechanical dry gas seal[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Partn J-Journal of Engineering Tribology,1998,212(4):279-290.doi:10.1243/1350650981542092.
[7]Patir N,Cheng H S.Anaverage flow model for determining effects of three-dimensional roughness on partial hydro dynamic lubrication[J].AMSE,Journal of Lubrication Technology,1978,100:12-17.doi:10.1115/1.3453103.
[8]Feng Xiangzhong,Peng Xudong.Effect of surface roughness on performance of a spiral groove gas seal[J].Lubrication Engineering,2006,173(1):20-22(in Chinese)[冯向忠,彭旭东.表面粗糙度对螺旋槽干式气体密封性能的影响[J].润滑与密封,2006,173(1):20-22].doi:10.3969/j.issn.0254-0150.2006.01.006.
[9]Peng Xudong,Li Jiyun,Sheng Songen,et al.Effect of surface roughness on performance prediction and geometric optimization of a spiral-groove face seal[J].Tribology,2007,27(6):567-572(in Chinese)[彭旭东,李纪云,盛颂恩,等.表面粗糙度对螺旋槽干式气体端面密封性能预测与结构优化的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2007,27(6):567-572].doi:10.3321/j.issn:1004-0595.2007.06.014.
[10]Liu Mengjing,Peng Xudong,Bai Shaoxian.Effects of random roughness on boundary slip of dry gas seals[J].Lubrication Engineering,2016,41(3):31-37(in Chinese)[刘梦静,彭旭东,白少先.考虑表面粗糙度的干气密封边界膜滑移效应分析[J].润滑与密封,2016,41(3):31-37].doi:10.3969/j.issn.0254-0150.2016.03.007.
[11]Li Wei,Song Pengfei,Cao Dengfeng,et al.The influence of roughness of seal faces on the operating performance of gas face seal at slow speed[J].Lubrication Engineering,2006,182(10):87-91(in Chinese)[李伟,宋鹏云,曹登峰,等.低速运转气膜机械密封端面粗糙度对其密封性能的影响[J].润滑与密封,2006,182(10):87-91].doi:10.3969/j.issn.0254-0150.2006.10.027.
[12]Bai Shaoxian,Peng Xudong,Meng Xiangkai.Stability of laser textured gas lubricated non-contact mechanical seal[J].Tribology,2010,30(6):521-526(in Chinese)[白少先,彭旭东,孟祥凯.激光多孔端面气体非接触机械密封稳定性分析[J].摩擦学学报,2010,30(6):521-526].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2010.06.017.
[13]Xie Jing,Bai Shaoxian.Hydrodynamic characteristics of gas upstream pumping face seals texturing with inclined-ellipsedimples[J].Tribology,2017,37(2):233-239(in Chinese)[谢静,白少先.倾斜椭圆微孔端面上游泵送气体密封流体动压特性[J].摩擦学学报,2017,37(2):233-239].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2017.02.013.
[14]Slawomir B,Andriy V Z.A parametric and dynamic analysis of non-contacting gas face seals with modified surfaces[J].Tribology International,2016,94:126-137.doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2015.08.014.
[15]Ma C B,Gu W F,Tu Q A,et al.Experimental investigation on frictional property of mechanical seals with varying dimple diameter along the radial face[J].Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2016,8(8):1-9.
[16]Ma C B,Sun J J,Wang Y,et al.On the optimum dimple depth-overdiameter ratio for textured surfaces[J].Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2017,9(9):1-8.
[17]National Bureau of Standards.JB/T 11289-2012.Dry gas seal technology conditions[J].Beijing:Standard Press,2012(in Chinese)[国家标准局.JB/T 11289-2012.干气密封技术条件[J].北京:标准出版社,2012].
[18]Ren Xiao,Wu Chengwei,Zhou Ping.Gas sealing performance study of rough surface[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(16):176-181(in Chinese)[任晓,吴承伟,周平.粗糙表面的气体密封性能研究[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(16):176-181].
[19]Ma Chenbo,Zhu Hua,Sun Jianjun.Optimal design model of surface texture with surface roughness considered[J].J Huazhong Univ of Sci&Tech.(Natural Science Edition),2011,39(8):14-18,35(in Chinese)[马晨波,朱华,孙见君.考虑粗糙度影响的表面织构最优参数设计模型[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(8):14-18,35].
[20]Ding Xuexing,Zhang Penggao,Huang Yifang,et al.Numericalsimulation of computational fluid dynamics(CDF)of the microscale flow field in the spiral groove dry gas seals[J].Chemical Engineering&Machinery,2008,36(5):287-290(in Chinese)[丁雪兴,张鹏高,黄义仿,等.螺旋槽干气密封微间隙流场的CFD数值模拟[J].化工机械,2008,36(5):287-290].doi:10.3969/j.issn.0254-6094.2008.05.008.
[21]Ibrahim S,Mohamed G,Mohamed A,et al.Three dimensional computational study for spiral dry gas seal with constant groove depth and different tapered grooves[J].Procedia Engineering,2013,68:205-212.doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2013.12.169.
[22]Ma C H,Bai S X,Peng X D.Thermoelasto hydrodynamic characteristics of T-grooves gas face seals[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2016,102:277-286.doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.06.034.
[23]Bo R.Finite element analysis of the spiral groove gas face seal at the slow speed and the low pressure conditions slip flow consideration[J].Tribology Transactions,2000,43(3):411-418.doi:10.1080/10402000008982357.
[24]Wang Yan,Sun Jianjun,Ma Chenbo,et al.Multiparameter CFDnumerical analysis of improved T-groove dry gas seal[J].Tribology,2014,6(45):1834-1840(in Chinese)[王衍,孙见君,马晨波,等.改良T型槽干气密封多参数CFD数值分析[J].中南大学学报,2014,6(45):1834-1840].
[25]Yin Xiaoni,Peng Xudong.Selection of a shape function in finite element analysis for a spiral groove dry gas seal[J].Lubrication Engineering,2006,175(3):13-14(18)(in Chinese)[尹晓妮,彭旭东.干式气体端面密封性能的有限元分析中形函数的选择[J].润滑与密封,2006,175(3):13-14(18)].doi:10.3969/j.issn.0254-0150.2006.03.005.
[26]Wang B,Zhang H Q,Cao H J.Flow dynamics of a spiral groove dry gas seal[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,26(1):78-84.doi:10.3901/CJME.2013.01.078.
[2]Etsion I,Kligerman Y,Halperin G.Analytical and experimental investigation of laser-textured mechanical seal faces[J].Tribology Transactions,1999,42(3):511-516.doi:10.1080/10402009908982248.
[3]Wang Nan,Sheng Songen,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Influence of dimple diameter on dynamic performance of gas multi-pored face mechanical seal[J].Fluid Machinery,2009,37(10):14-18(in Chinese)[王楠,盛颂恩,白少先,等.气体多孔端面机械密封孔径尺寸对密封动态性能影响研究[J].流体机械,2009,37(10):14-18].doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2009.10.004.
[4]Xie Jing,Bai Shaoxian.The effect of high speed airflow lubrication on hydrodynamic properties of inclined-dimples face seals[J].Tribology,2017,37(6):806-813(in Chinese)[谢静,白少先.高速气流阻塞效应对倾斜微孔端面密封动压特性的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2017,37(6):806-813].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2017.06.012.
[5]Polycarpou A,Etsion I.Static sealing performance of gas mechanical seals including surface roughness and rarefaction effects[J].Tribology Trans,1998,41(4):531-536.doi:10.1080/10402009808983779.
[6]Stolarski T A,Xue Y.Performance study of a back-depression mechanical dry gas seal[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Partn J-Journal of Engineering Tribology,1998,212(4):279-290.doi:10.1243/1350650981542092.
[7]Patir N,Cheng H S.Anaverage flow model for determining effects of three-dimensional roughness on partial hydro dynamic lubrication[J].AMSE,Journal of Lubrication Technology,1978,100:12-17.doi:10.1115/1.3453103.
[8]Feng Xiangzhong,Peng Xudong.Effect of surface roughness on performance of a spiral groove gas seal[J].Lubrication Engineering,2006,173(1):20-22(in Chinese)[冯向忠,彭旭东.表面粗糙度对螺旋槽干式气体密封性能的影响[J].润滑与密封,2006,173(1):20-22].doi:10.3969/j.issn.0254-0150.2006.01.006.
[9]Peng Xudong,Li Jiyun,Sheng Songen,et al.Effect of surface roughness on performance prediction and geometric optimization of a spiral-groove face seal[J].Tribology,2007,27(6):567-572(in Chinese)[彭旭东,李纪云,盛颂恩,等.表面粗糙度对螺旋槽干式气体端面密封性能预测与结构优化的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2007,27(6):567-572].doi:10.3321/j.issn:1004-0595.2007.06.014.
[10]Liu Mengjing,Peng Xudong,Bai Shaoxian.Effects of random roughness on boundary slip of dry gas seals[J].Lubrication Engineering,2016,41(3):31-37(in Chinese)[刘梦静,彭旭东,白少先.考虑表面粗糙度的干气密封边界膜滑移效应分析[J].润滑与密封,2016,41(3):31-37].doi:10.3969/j.issn.0254-0150.2016.03.007.
[11]Li Wei,Song Pengfei,Cao Dengfeng,et al.The influence of roughness of seal faces on the operating performance of gas face seal at slow speed[J].Lubrication Engineering,2006,182(10):87-91(in Chinese)[李伟,宋鹏云,曹登峰,等.低速运转气膜机械密封端面粗糙度对其密封性能的影响[J].润滑与密封,2006,182(10):87-91].doi:10.3969/j.issn.0254-0150.2006.10.027.
[12]Bai Shaoxian,Peng Xudong,Meng Xiangkai.Stability of laser textured gas lubricated non-contact mechanical seal[J].Tribology,2010,30(6):521-526(in Chinese)[白少先,彭旭东,孟祥凯.激光多孔端面气体非接触机械密封稳定性分析[J].摩擦学学报,2010,30(6):521-526].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2010.06.017.
[13]Xie Jing,Bai Shaoxian.Hydrodynamic characteristics of gas upstream pumping face seals texturing with inclined-ellipsedimples[J].Tribology,2017,37(2):233-239(in Chinese)[谢静,白少先.倾斜椭圆微孔端面上游泵送气体密封流体动压特性[J].摩擦学学报,2017,37(2):233-239].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2017.02.013.
[14]Slawomir B,Andriy V Z.A parametric and dynamic analysis of non-contacting gas face seals with modified surfaces[J].Tribology International,2016,94:126-137.doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2015.08.014.
[15]Ma C B,Gu W F,Tu Q A,et al.Experimental investigation on frictional property of mechanical seals with varying dimple diameter along the radial face[J].Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2016,8(8):1-9.
[16]Ma C B,Sun J J,Wang Y,et al.On the optimum dimple depth-overdiameter ratio for textured surfaces[J].Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2017,9(9):1-8.
[17]National Bureau of Standards.JB/T 11289-2012.Dry gas seal technology conditions[J].Beijing:Standard Press,2012(in Chinese)[国家标准局.JB/T 11289-2012.干气密封技术条件[J].北京:标准出版社,2012].
[18]Ren Xiao,Wu Chengwei,Zhou Ping.Gas sealing performance study of rough surface[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(16):176-181(in Chinese)[任晓,吴承伟,周平.粗糙表面的气体密封性能研究[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(16):176-181].
[19]Ma Chenbo,Zhu Hua,Sun Jianjun.Optimal design model of surface texture with surface roughness considered[J].J Huazhong Univ of Sci&Tech.(Natural Science Edition),2011,39(8):14-18,35(in Chinese)[马晨波,朱华,孙见君.考虑粗糙度影响的表面织构最优参数设计模型[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(8):14-18,35].
[20]Ding Xuexing,Zhang Penggao,Huang Yifang,et al.Numericalsimulation of computational fluid dynamics(CDF)of the microscale flow field in the spiral groove dry gas seals[J].Chemical Engineering&Machinery,2008,36(5):287-290(in Chinese)[丁雪兴,张鹏高,黄义仿,等.螺旋槽干气密封微间隙流场的CFD数值模拟[J].化工机械,2008,36(5):287-290].doi:10.3969/j.issn.0254-6094.2008.05.008.
[21]Ibrahim S,Mohamed G,Mohamed A,et al.Three dimensional computational study for spiral dry gas seal with constant groove depth and different tapered grooves[J].Procedia Engineering,2013,68:205-212.doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2013.12.169.
[22]Ma C H,Bai S X,Peng X D.Thermoelasto hydrodynamic characteristics of T-grooves gas face seals[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2016,102:277-286.doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.06.034.
[23]Bo R.Finite element analysis of the spiral groove gas face seal at the slow speed and the low pressure conditions slip flow consideration[J].Tribology Transactions,2000,43(3):411-418.doi:10.1080/10402000008982357.
[24]Wang Yan,Sun Jianjun,Ma Chenbo,et al.Multiparameter CFDnumerical analysis of improved T-groove dry gas seal[J].Tribology,2014,6(45):1834-1840(in Chinese)[王衍,孙见君,马晨波,等.改良T型槽干气密封多参数CFD数值分析[J].中南大学学报,2014,6(45):1834-1840].
[25]Yin Xiaoni,Peng Xudong.Selection of a shape function in finite element analysis for a spiral groove dry gas seal[J].Lubrication Engineering,2006,175(3):13-14(18)(in Chinese)[尹晓妮,彭旭东.干式气体端面密封性能的有限元分析中形函数的选择[J].润滑与密封,2006,175(3):13-14(18)].doi:10.3969/j.issn.0254-0150.2006.03.005.
[26]Wang B,Zhang H Q,Cao H J.Flow dynamics of a spiral groove dry gas seal[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,26(1):78-84.doi:10.3901/CJME.2013.01.078.