进水C/P对SNEDPR系统脱氮除磷性能的影响
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摘要
为了解不同进水C/P条件下同步硝化内源反硝化除磷(SNEDPR)的脱氮除磷特性.以实际城市污水为处理对象,采用延时厌氧(180 min)/低氧(溶解氧0.5~1.0 mg·L~(-1))运行的序批式反应器(SBR),考察了进水C/P(分别为60、30、20、15、10)对系统C、N、P去除特性的影响.结果表明:适当降低进水C/P(由60降至30)有利于提高系统内PAOs竞争优势.当C/P为30时系统除磷性能最高,厌氧段释磷速率(PRR)和好氧段吸磷速率(PUR,以P/MLSS计,下同)分别高达3.5mg·(g·h)-1和4.2 mg·(g·h)-1,出水PO3-4-P浓度均低于0.3 mg·L~(-1),且PPAO,An高达88.1%;但进一步降低进水C/P至10时,PO3-4-P去除率和PPAO,An分别由38.1%和82.4%降低至3.1%和5.3%,PRR和PUR分别仅为0.2 mg·(g·h)-1和0.24mg·(g·h)-1,系统表现出较差的除磷性能.降低C/P对系统COD去除性能没有影响,COD去除率稳定在85%左右.此外,当C/P由60降低至20时,系统硝化性能变差,表现为出水NH+4-N和NO-2-N浓度分别由0和6.9 mg·L~(-1)升高至5.1 mg·L~(-1)和16.2 mg·L~(-1);而当C/P进一步降低至10时,系统硝化性能得以恢复,但亚硝积累特性遭到破坏,表现为出水NH+4-N和NO-2-N浓度逐渐降低为0,但出水NO-3-N浓度由0.08 mg·L~(-1)升高至14.1 mg·L~(-1).SNED率先由62.1%降低为36.4%后又逐渐提高至56.4%.C/P低于15时,有利于提高GAOs的竞争优势,且C/P由20降至10时系统脱氮性能得以恢复,原因在于GAOs内源反硝化作用的增强.
This study focuses on the nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) removal characteristics in a simultaneous nitrificationendogenous denitrification and phosphorus removal(SNEDPR) system at different influent C/P ratios.An extended anaerobic/low aerobic(dissolved oxygen:0.5-1.0 mg·L~(-1)) sequencing batch reactor(SBR) fed with municipal sewage was studied by adjusting different C/P ratios(10,15,20,30,and 60).The experimental results show that the proper reduction of the influent C/P ratio(C/P ratio reduced from 60 to 30) enhances the competitive advantages of phosphorus-accumulating organisms(PAOs) in the SNEDPR system.The highest phosphorus removal efficiency was achieved at a C/P ratio of 30,with the anaerobic phosphorus release rate(PRR) and aerobic phosphorus uptake rate(PUR,used as P/MLSS) reaching 3.5 mg·(g·h)-1 and 4.2 mg·(g·h)-1 respectively,and an average effluent PO3-4-P concentration below 0.3 mg·L~(-1).The percentage of PAOs contributing to the storage of endogenesis carbon(PPAO,An) reached 88.1%.However,a poor phosphorus removal performance was observed with further reduction of the influent C/P ratios to 10;both the PO3-4-P removal efficiency and PPAO,Andecreased from 38.1% and 82.4% to 3.1% and 5.3%,respectively.The PRR and PUR were 0.2 mg·(g·h)-1 and 0.24 mg·(g·h)-1,respectively.The COD removal performance was not affected by the decreasing influent C/P ratios;the average COD removal efficiency stabilized at 85%.In addition,the nitrification performance became worse with decreasing C/P ratios(from 60 to 20) because the effluent NH+4-N and NO-2-N concentrations increased from 0 and 6.9 mg·L~(-1) to 5.1 mg·L~(-1) and 16.2 mg·L~(-1),respectively.The nitrificaton performance recovered when the C/P ratios further decreased to 10,but the nitrite accumulation was disturbed as both the effluent NH+4-N and NO-2-N concentrations reduced to 0.The effluent NO-3-N concentration increased from 0.08 mg·L~(-1) to 14.1 mg·L~(-1).The SNED efficiency first decreased from 62.1% to 36.4% and then increased to 56.4%.The advantageous competition of glycogen accumulating organisms(GAOs)improved when the influent C/P ratio was lower than 15.The enhancement of the endogenous denitrification ability of GAOs might explain the recovery denitrification performance of the system when the influent C/P ratios decreased from 20 to 10.
This study focuses on the nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) removal characteristics in a simultaneous nitrificationendogenous denitrification and phosphorus removal(SNEDPR) system at different influent C/P ratios.An extended anaerobic/low aerobic(dissolved oxygen:0.5-1.0 mg·L~(-1)) sequencing batch reactor(SBR) fed with municipal sewage was studied by adjusting different C/P ratios(10,15,20,30,and 60).The experimental results show that the proper reduction of the influent C/P ratio(C/P ratio reduced from 60 to 30) enhances the competitive advantages of phosphorus-accumulating organisms(PAOs) in the SNEDPR system.The highest phosphorus removal efficiency was achieved at a C/P ratio of 30,with the anaerobic phosphorus release rate(PRR) and aerobic phosphorus uptake rate(PUR,used as P/MLSS) reaching 3.5 mg·(g·h)-1 and 4.2 mg·(g·h)-1 respectively,and an average effluent PO3-4-P concentration below 0.3 mg·L~(-1).The percentage of PAOs contributing to the storage of endogenesis carbon(PPAO,An) reached 88.1%.However,a poor phosphorus removal performance was observed with further reduction of the influent C/P ratios to 10;both the PO3-4-P removal efficiency and PPAO,Andecreased from 38.1% and 82.4% to 3.1% and 5.3%,respectively.The PRR and PUR were 0.2 mg·(g·h)-1 and 0.24 mg·(g·h)-1,respectively.The COD removal performance was not affected by the decreasing influent C/P ratios;the average COD removal efficiency stabilized at 85%.In addition,the nitrification performance became worse with decreasing C/P ratios(from 60 to 20) because the effluent NH+4-N and NO-2-N concentrations increased from 0 and 6.9 mg·L~(-1) to 5.1 mg·L~(-1) and 16.2 mg·L~(-1),respectively.The nitrificaton performance recovered when the C/P ratios further decreased to 10,but the nitrite accumulation was disturbed as both the effluent NH+4-N and NO-2-N concentrations reduced to 0.The effluent NO-3-N concentration increased from 0.08 mg·L~(-1) to 14.1 mg·L~(-1).The SNED efficiency first decreased from 62.1% to 36.4% and then increased to 56.4%.The advantageous competition of glycogen accumulating organisms(GAOs)improved when the influent C/P ratio was lower than 15.The enhancement of the endogenous denitrification ability of GAOs might explain the recovery denitrification performance of the system when the influent C/P ratios decreased from 20 to 10.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国环境保护部.2015年中国环境状况公报[R].北京:环境保护部,2016.
[2]Wu C Y,Peng Y Z,Li X L,et al.Effect of carbon source on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal in an anaerobicanoxic-oxic(A2O)process[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2010,136(11):1248-1254.
[3]Wang X X,Wang S Y,Xue T L,et al.Treating low carbon/nitrogen(C/N)wastewater in simultaneous nitrificationendogenous denitrification and phosphorous removal(SNDPR)systems by strengthening anaerobic intracellular carbon storage[J].Water Research,2015,77:191-200.
[4]Zeng R J,Lemaire R,Yuan Z,et al.Simultaneous nitrification,denitrification,and phosphorus removal in a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2003,84(2):170-178.
[5]Wang X X,Wang S Y,Zhao J,et al.Combining simultaneous nitrification-endogenous denitrification and phosphorus removal with post-denitrification for low carbon/nitrogen wastewater treatment[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,220:17-25.
[6]邹联沛,刘旭东,王宝贞,等.MBR中影响同步硝化反硝化的生态因子[J].环境科学,2001,22(4):51-55.Zou L P,Liu X D,Wang B Z,et al.The influence of ecological factors on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in MBR[J].Environmental Science,2001,22(4):51-55.
[7]Li H B,Zhou B H,Tian Z Y,et al.Efficient biological nitrogen removal by Johannesburg-Sulfur autotrophic denitrification from low COD/TN ratio municipal wastewater at low temperature[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,73(9):5027-5035.
[8]杜馨,张可方,方茜,等.碳源对SBR工艺同步硝化反硝化的影响[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(11):47-51.Du X,Zhang K F,Fang Q,et al.Effect of carbon source on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification of SBR process[J].China Water&Wastewater,2007,23(11):47-51.
[9]Guerrero J,Guisasola A,Baeza J A.Controlled crude glycerol dosage to prevent EBPR failures in C/N/P removal WWTPs[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,271:114-127.
[10]潘欣语.不同HRT和C/P比对A2/O系统性能的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2012.Pan X Y.Start-up of A2/O process and the change of the performance of the system at different HRT and different C/P[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2012.
[11]毛玉凤,殷旭东,刘正辉.碳磷比和污泥龄对一体化工艺同步脱氮除磷的影响[J].广东化工,2015,42(8):77-79.Mao Y F,Yin X D,Liu Z H.Effects of C/P ratio and SRT on integration OCO and simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal process[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2015,42(8):77-79.
[12]赵骥,王晓霞,李夕耀,等.DO浓度对EBPR耦合SND处理低C/N污水的影响[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(1):120-128.Zhao J,Wang X X,Li X Y,et al.Effect of Do concentration on the combination of EBPR and SND for low C/N sewage treatment[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(1):120-128.
[13]Wang Y Y,Peng Y Z,Stephenson T.Effect of influent nutrient ratios and hydraulic retention time(HRT)on simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal in a two-sludge sequencing batch reactor process[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(14):3506-3512.
[14]Kong Y H,Beer M,Rees G N,et al.Functional analysis of microbial communities in aerobic-anaerobic sequencing batch reactors fed with different phosphorus/carbon(P/C)ratios[J].Microbiology,2002,148(Pt 8):2299-2307.
[15]王榕,成鹏飞,张建,等.碳磷比对SND过程污染物去除及N2O释放的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(2):378-382.Wang R,Cheng P F,Zhang J,et al.Effects of COD/P ratio on contaminant removal and N2O emission during simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(2):378-382.
[16]高景峰,王时杰,樊晓燕,等.同步脱氮除磷好氧颗粒污泥培养过程微生物群落变化[J].环境科学,2017,38(11):4696-4705.Gao J F,Wang S J,Fan X Y,et al.Microbial population dynamics during sludge granulation in a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal system[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(11):4696-4705.
[17]Schuler A J,Jenkins D.Enhanced biological phosphorus removal from wastewater by biomass with different phosphorus contents,Part I:Experimental results and comparison with metabolic models[J].Water Environment Research,2003,75(6):485-498.
[18]苗志加,彭永臻,王淦,等.强化生物除磷工艺富集聚磷菌及其微生物菌群分析[J].北京工业大学学报,2013,39(5):742-748.Miao Z J,Peng Y Z,Wang G,et al.Enrichment and analysis of the population of phosphate accumulating organisms in enhanced biological phosphorus removal system[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2013,39(5):742-748.
[19]Coma M,Verawaty M,Pijuan M,et al.Enhancing aerobic granulation for biological nutrient removal from domestic wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,103(1):101-108.
[20]Orhon D,Soybay S,Tünay O,et al.The effect of reactor hydraulics on the performance of activated sludge systems-I.The traditional modelling approach[J].Water Research,1989,23(12):1511-1518.
[21]Carvalheira M,Oehmen A,Carvalho G,et al.The impact of aeration on the competition between polyphosphate accumulating organisms and glycogen accumulating organisms[J].Water Research,2014,66:296-307.
[22]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[23]He Q L,Zhang S L,Zou Z C,et al.Unraveling characteristics of simultaneous nitrification,denitrification and phosphorus removal(SNDPR)in an aerobic granular sequencing batch reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,220:651-655.
[24]王晓莲,王淑莹,彭永臻.进水C/P比对A2/O工艺性能的影响[J].化工学报,2005,56(9):1765-1770.Wang X L,Wang S Y,Peng Y Z.Effects of feed water C/P ratio on performance of anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process[J].Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering(China),2005,56(9):1765-1770.
[25]戴娴.富集聚磷菌的EBPR耦合同步硝化反硝化系统脱氮除磷性能研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2016.
[26]蒋涛,方婧,孙培德,等.C/P对EBPR系统PAOs与GAOs竞争及PHAs代谢过程影响研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(12):2938-2944.Jiang T,Fang J,Sun P D,et al.Effects of C/P on the competition between PAOs and GAOs and PHAs metabolism in EBPR system[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(12):2938-2944.
[27]Wang X X,Wang S Y,Zhao J,et al.A novel stoichiometries methodology to quantify functional microorganisms in simultaneous(partial)nitrification-endogenous denitrification and phosphorus removal(SNEDPR)[J].Water Research,2016,95:319-329.
[28]王晓霞,王淑莹,赵骥,等.厌氧/好氧SNEDPR系统处理低C/N污水的优化运行[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(9):2672-2680.Wang X X,Wang S Y,Zhao J,et al.Optimization for low C/Nsewage treatment in an anaerobic/aerobic simultaneous nitrification-endogenous denitrification and phosphorous removal system[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(9):2672-2680.
[2]Wu C Y,Peng Y Z,Li X L,et al.Effect of carbon source on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal in an anaerobicanoxic-oxic(A2O)process[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2010,136(11):1248-1254.
[3]Wang X X,Wang S Y,Xue T L,et al.Treating low carbon/nitrogen(C/N)wastewater in simultaneous nitrificationendogenous denitrification and phosphorous removal(SNDPR)systems by strengthening anaerobic intracellular carbon storage[J].Water Research,2015,77:191-200.
[4]Zeng R J,Lemaire R,Yuan Z,et al.Simultaneous nitrification,denitrification,and phosphorus removal in a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2003,84(2):170-178.
[5]Wang X X,Wang S Y,Zhao J,et al.Combining simultaneous nitrification-endogenous denitrification and phosphorus removal with post-denitrification for low carbon/nitrogen wastewater treatment[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,220:17-25.
[6]邹联沛,刘旭东,王宝贞,等.MBR中影响同步硝化反硝化的生态因子[J].环境科学,2001,22(4):51-55.Zou L P,Liu X D,Wang B Z,et al.The influence of ecological factors on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in MBR[J].Environmental Science,2001,22(4):51-55.
[7]Li H B,Zhou B H,Tian Z Y,et al.Efficient biological nitrogen removal by Johannesburg-Sulfur autotrophic denitrification from low COD/TN ratio municipal wastewater at low temperature[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,73(9):5027-5035.
[8]杜馨,张可方,方茜,等.碳源对SBR工艺同步硝化反硝化的影响[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(11):47-51.Du X,Zhang K F,Fang Q,et al.Effect of carbon source on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification of SBR process[J].China Water&Wastewater,2007,23(11):47-51.
[9]Guerrero J,Guisasola A,Baeza J A.Controlled crude glycerol dosage to prevent EBPR failures in C/N/P removal WWTPs[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,271:114-127.
[10]潘欣语.不同HRT和C/P比对A2/O系统性能的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2012.Pan X Y.Start-up of A2/O process and the change of the performance of the system at different HRT and different C/P[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2012.
[11]毛玉凤,殷旭东,刘正辉.碳磷比和污泥龄对一体化工艺同步脱氮除磷的影响[J].广东化工,2015,42(8):77-79.Mao Y F,Yin X D,Liu Z H.Effects of C/P ratio and SRT on integration OCO and simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal process[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2015,42(8):77-79.
[12]赵骥,王晓霞,李夕耀,等.DO浓度对EBPR耦合SND处理低C/N污水的影响[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(1):120-128.Zhao J,Wang X X,Li X Y,et al.Effect of Do concentration on the combination of EBPR and SND for low C/N sewage treatment[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(1):120-128.
[13]Wang Y Y,Peng Y Z,Stephenson T.Effect of influent nutrient ratios and hydraulic retention time(HRT)on simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal in a two-sludge sequencing batch reactor process[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(14):3506-3512.
[14]Kong Y H,Beer M,Rees G N,et al.Functional analysis of microbial communities in aerobic-anaerobic sequencing batch reactors fed with different phosphorus/carbon(P/C)ratios[J].Microbiology,2002,148(Pt 8):2299-2307.
[15]王榕,成鹏飞,张建,等.碳磷比对SND过程污染物去除及N2O释放的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(2):378-382.Wang R,Cheng P F,Zhang J,et al.Effects of COD/P ratio on contaminant removal and N2O emission during simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(2):378-382.
[16]高景峰,王时杰,樊晓燕,等.同步脱氮除磷好氧颗粒污泥培养过程微生物群落变化[J].环境科学,2017,38(11):4696-4705.Gao J F,Wang S J,Fan X Y,et al.Microbial population dynamics during sludge granulation in a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal system[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(11):4696-4705.
[17]Schuler A J,Jenkins D.Enhanced biological phosphorus removal from wastewater by biomass with different phosphorus contents,Part I:Experimental results and comparison with metabolic models[J].Water Environment Research,2003,75(6):485-498.
[18]苗志加,彭永臻,王淦,等.强化生物除磷工艺富集聚磷菌及其微生物菌群分析[J].北京工业大学学报,2013,39(5):742-748.Miao Z J,Peng Y Z,Wang G,et al.Enrichment and analysis of the population of phosphate accumulating organisms in enhanced biological phosphorus removal system[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2013,39(5):742-748.
[19]Coma M,Verawaty M,Pijuan M,et al.Enhancing aerobic granulation for biological nutrient removal from domestic wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,103(1):101-108.
[20]Orhon D,Soybay S,Tünay O,et al.The effect of reactor hydraulics on the performance of activated sludge systems-I.The traditional modelling approach[J].Water Research,1989,23(12):1511-1518.
[21]Carvalheira M,Oehmen A,Carvalho G,et al.The impact of aeration on the competition between polyphosphate accumulating organisms and glycogen accumulating organisms[J].Water Research,2014,66:296-307.
[22]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[23]He Q L,Zhang S L,Zou Z C,et al.Unraveling characteristics of simultaneous nitrification,denitrification and phosphorus removal(SNDPR)in an aerobic granular sequencing batch reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,220:651-655.
[24]王晓莲,王淑莹,彭永臻.进水C/P比对A2/O工艺性能的影响[J].化工学报,2005,56(9):1765-1770.Wang X L,Wang S Y,Peng Y Z.Effects of feed water C/P ratio on performance of anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process[J].Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering(China),2005,56(9):1765-1770.
[25]戴娴.富集聚磷菌的EBPR耦合同步硝化反硝化系统脱氮除磷性能研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2016.
[26]蒋涛,方婧,孙培德,等.C/P对EBPR系统PAOs与GAOs竞争及PHAs代谢过程影响研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(12):2938-2944.Jiang T,Fang J,Sun P D,et al.Effects of C/P on the competition between PAOs and GAOs and PHAs metabolism in EBPR system[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(12):2938-2944.
[27]Wang X X,Wang S Y,Zhao J,et al.A novel stoichiometries methodology to quantify functional microorganisms in simultaneous(partial)nitrification-endogenous denitrification and phosphorus removal(SNEDPR)[J].Water Research,2016,95:319-329.
[28]王晓霞,王淑莹,赵骥,等.厌氧/好氧SNEDPR系统处理低C/N污水的优化运行[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(9):2672-2680.Wang X X,Wang S Y,Zhao J,et al.Optimization for low C/Nsewage treatment in an anaerobic/aerobic simultaneous nitrification-endogenous denitrification and phosphorous removal system[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(9):2672-2680.