黄铁矿浮选的抑制与解抑活化研究进展
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摘要
黄铁矿浮选问题是金属矿、煤矿以及某些非金属矿等开发利用过程中通常需要面临的问题,其浮选的抑制、解抑活化以及影响其浮选行为的一些因素一直是矿物加工领域的研究热点。本文分析了矿物学因素、难免离子和伽伐尼电偶作用对黄铁矿的浮选行为的影响,着重从浮选药剂与矿物的作用机理方面综述了黄铁矿的抑制与解抑活化;黄铁矿与不同种类的抑制剂作用后通过生成亲水膜、阻止黄药氧化、占据黄铁矿表面捕收剂能作用的活性位点、生成络合物以及多糖、蛋白质等微生物细菌胞外分泌物的吸附等作用对黄铁矿产生抑制作用;高碱环境下常用酸和盐类活化剂对受抑黄铁矿表面的亲水膜溶解进行活化,实现黄铁矿的回收利用。分析认为目前对矿物内部和矿浆的复杂环境研究仍不到位,应通过现代分析测试手段和计算机技术加强研究;黄铁矿不仅仅作为一种矿物资源,黄铁矿等环境矿物在环保领域的研究应用对缓解经济发展与环境保护的矛盾起着至关重要的作用。
The flotation of pyrite is a common problem in the development and utilization of metal, coal and non-metallic minerals. Depression, derepression and some influence factors of pyrite flotation have been the research focus in the field of mineral processing. The impact of mineralogy factors, unavoidable ions and galvanic effect on pyrite flotation behavior are analyzed, and the progress of depression and activation of lime-depressed pyrite is reviewed emphatically from the aspect of action mechanism between flotation agents and minerals. Different kinds of depressants interact with pyrite to form hydrophilic film, prevent the oxidation of xanthate, occupy active sites of collector on pyrite surface,generate complexes, and adsorb extracellular secretion from microbial bacteria such as polysaccharides and proteins on pyrite; high alkali environment commonly used acid and salt activator to dissolve the hydrophilized film of pyrite to activate and recycle pyrite. The analysis suggested that the current research on the complex environment of minerals and pulp is still unclear, and it should be strengthened by means of modern analysis and testing and computer technology. Pyrite is not only a mineral resource, but also plays an important role in alleviating the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection by the research and application of environmental minerals such as pyrite in the field of environmental protection.
The flotation of pyrite is a common problem in the development and utilization of metal, coal and non-metallic minerals. Depression, derepression and some influence factors of pyrite flotation have been the research focus in the field of mineral processing. The impact of mineralogy factors, unavoidable ions and galvanic effect on pyrite flotation behavior are analyzed, and the progress of depression and activation of lime-depressed pyrite is reviewed emphatically from the aspect of action mechanism between flotation agents and minerals. Different kinds of depressants interact with pyrite to form hydrophilic film, prevent the oxidation of xanthate, occupy active sites of collector on pyrite surface,generate complexes, and adsorb extracellular secretion from microbial bacteria such as polysaccharides and proteins on pyrite; high alkali environment commonly used acid and salt activator to dissolve the hydrophilized film of pyrite to activate and recycle pyrite. The analysis suggested that the current research on the complex environment of minerals and pulp is still unclear, and it should be strengthened by means of modern analysis and testing and computer technology. Pyrite is not only a mineral resource, but also plays an important role in alleviating the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection by the research and application of environmental minerals such as pyrite in the field of environmental protection.
引文
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[3]乐长高,姜国芳,刘云海.氧化亚铁硫杆菌生物冶金的新进展[J].生物技术, 2003, 13(3):45-47.LE Changgao, JIANG Guofang, LIU Yunhai. Mechanism on Thiobacilus ferrooxidans bioleaching[J]. Biotechnology, 2003, 13(3):45-47.
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[7]洪微.煤尾矿中硬质高岭土选矿提纯试验研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学, 2014.HONG wei. Study of benefication and purification on hard kaolin from coal tailings[D]. Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology, 2014.
[8]邱仙辉,于洋,张春菊.鞣酸体系下黄铜矿与黄铁矿浮选动力学分析[J].化工进展, 2016, 35(7):2258-2262.QIU Xianhui, YU Yang, ZHANG Chunju. Flotation kinetics of chalcopyrite and pyrite in tannic acid system[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2016, 35(7):2258-2262.
[9]陈建华.硫化矿物浮选晶格缺陷理论[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2012.CHEN Jianhua. Principles of the flotation of sulphide minerals bearing lattice defects[M]. Changsha:Central South University Press, 2012.
[10]李玉琼.晶格缺陷对黄铁矿晶体电子结构和浮选行为影响的第一性原理研究[D].南宁:广西大学, 2011.LI Yuqiong. First principle study of the influences of lattice defects on the electronic structures and flotation behavlours of pyrite crytal[D].Nanning:Guangxi University, 2011.
[11]李玉琼,陈建华,陈晔.空位缺陷黄铁矿的电子结构及其浮选行为[J].物理化学学报, 2010, 26(5):1435-1441.LI Yuqiong, CHEN Jianhua, CHEN Ye. Electronic structures and flotation behavior of pyrite containing vacancy defects[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2010, 26(5):1435-1441.
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