负压驱动水稻精量直播排种器设计与试验研究
|
摘要
为满足目前农户和育种专家对水稻精量穴直播的农艺种植要求,减少育秧插秧环节的人工劳动强度,采用储种仓预充种、负压多孔吸种、高压气力排种与清堵等多种方式和技术,设计开发了一种气力圆盘式水稻穴精量直播排种器,并采用有限元分析软件Fluent15. 0分析了吸种孔的孔径、吸种盘厚度的对气室内部压强、气流速度的作用,进而研究对排种性能的影响。将开发的排种器在自行改造的试验台架上进行了正交试验,研究了吸种孔的尺寸、圆盘转速、负压真空度对排种器排种性能的影响。结果表明:影响排种器排种性能的主次因素依次为:吸种孔直径尺寸、吸种盘的转速和气室的真空度,确定了排种器较为合理的参数:对于圆柱型吸种孔,孔的直径为1.4 mm、转速为30～35 r/min、气室负压值为1. 2～1. 4 k Pa时达到育种要求。同时,对优化后的排种器(吸种盘转速35 r/min、吸种孔直径1. 4 mm和气室负压值1. 4 k Pa)进行台架试验,结果表明:播种合格率为84. 22%,重播率为8.81%,漏播率为5. 97%,满足JB/T 10293-2013《单粒(精密)播种机技术条件》中的参数指标。
In order to meet the current agronomical planting requirements of farmers and breeding experts on rice seedlings,reducing the labor intensity of breeding seedlings and transplanting,This paper uses storage silos to fill rice seeds in advance,negative pressure adsorption rice seeds,high pressure airflow to clear seeds and various methods and techniques. Designed and developed a precision seed-metering device,The finite element analysis software Fluent 15. 0 was used to analyze the effect of the hole diameter of the seed suction hole,the thickness of the suction seed plate on the pressure inside the air chamber,and the air flow velocity,and then studied the effect on the seed discharging performance. The developed seedling device was subjected to orthogonal test on a self-renovated test bench. The effects of suction hole size,disc rotation speed and vacuum degree on seed removal performance of seedling device were studied. The results show,the factors affecting seed metering performance are in turn: Suction hole diameter size,Disk speed,Vacuum degree,Determined the more reasonable parameters of the metering device: Cylindrical suction hole,the diameter of the hole is 1. 4 mm,Speed is 30-35 r/min,Negative pressure value is 1. 2-1. 4 kPa,at the same time,test the optimized seed-metering device( Speed is 35 r/min,The diameter of the hole is 1. 4 mm,Negative pressure value is 1.4 kPa). Test result display: the pass rate of sowing is 84. 22%,replay rate is 8. 81%,leakage rate is 5. 97%. These testing results fully coincide with the standard JB/T 10293-2013 specification of single seed drill( precision drill).
In order to meet the current agronomical planting requirements of farmers and breeding experts on rice seedlings,reducing the labor intensity of breeding seedlings and transplanting,This paper uses storage silos to fill rice seeds in advance,negative pressure adsorption rice seeds,high pressure airflow to clear seeds and various methods and techniques. Designed and developed a precision seed-metering device,The finite element analysis software Fluent 15. 0 was used to analyze the effect of the hole diameter of the seed suction hole,the thickness of the suction seed plate on the pressure inside the air chamber,and the air flow velocity,and then studied the effect on the seed discharging performance. The developed seedling device was subjected to orthogonal test on a self-renovated test bench. The effects of suction hole size,disc rotation speed and vacuum degree on seed removal performance of seedling device were studied. The results show,the factors affecting seed metering performance are in turn: Suction hole diameter size,Disk speed,Vacuum degree,Determined the more reasonable parameters of the metering device: Cylindrical suction hole,the diameter of the hole is 1. 4 mm,Speed is 30-35 r/min,Negative pressure value is 1. 2-1. 4 kPa,at the same time,test the optimized seed-metering device( Speed is 35 r/min,The diameter of the hole is 1. 4 mm,Negative pressure value is 1.4 kPa). Test result display: the pass rate of sowing is 84. 22%,replay rate is 8. 81%,leakage rate is 5. 97%. These testing results fully coincide with the standard JB/T 10293-2013 specification of single seed drill( precision drill).
引文
[1]许剑平,谢宇峰,陈宝昌.国外气力式精密播种机技术现状及发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2008(12):203-206.
[2]张明华,罗锡文,王在满,等.水稻直播机组合型孔排种器设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(9):29-36.
[3]杨薇,李建东,王飞,等.玉米小区育种精量排种器的试验研究与分析[J].农机化研究,2016,38(1):163-171.
[4]翟建波,夏俊芳,周勇.气力式杂交稻精量穴直播排种器设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(1):75-82.
[5]袁月明,马旭,金汉学,等.气吸式水稻芽种排种器气室流场研究[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(6):42-45.
[6]臧英,罗锡文,周志艳.南方水稻种植和收获机械化的发展策略[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(1):60-63.
[7]刘佳,崔涛,张东兴,等.机械气力组合式玉米精密排种器[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(2):43-47.
[8]曾山,黄忠林,王在满,等.不同密度对精量穴直播水稻产量的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2014,33(3):13-18.
[9] Malekimr,Mouazenam,De Ketelaereb,et al. A new index for seed distribution uniformity evaluation of grain drills[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2006,94(3):471-475.
[10]赵晓顺,于华丽,张晋国,等.槽缝气吸式小麦精量排种器[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(2):48-51.
[11]张国忠,罗锡文,臧英,等.水稻气力式排种器群布吸孔吸种盘吸种精度试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(6):13-20.
[12]翟建波.气力式水稻芽种精量穴直播排种器设计与试验研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015.
[2]张明华,罗锡文,王在满,等.水稻直播机组合型孔排种器设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(9):29-36.
[3]杨薇,李建东,王飞,等.玉米小区育种精量排种器的试验研究与分析[J].农机化研究,2016,38(1):163-171.
[4]翟建波,夏俊芳,周勇.气力式杂交稻精量穴直播排种器设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(1):75-82.
[5]袁月明,马旭,金汉学,等.气吸式水稻芽种排种器气室流场研究[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(6):42-45.
[6]臧英,罗锡文,周志艳.南方水稻种植和收获机械化的发展策略[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(1):60-63.
[7]刘佳,崔涛,张东兴,等.机械气力组合式玉米精密排种器[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(2):43-47.
[8]曾山,黄忠林,王在满,等.不同密度对精量穴直播水稻产量的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2014,33(3):13-18.
[9] Malekimr,Mouazenam,De Ketelaereb,et al. A new index for seed distribution uniformity evaluation of grain drills[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2006,94(3):471-475.
[10]赵晓顺,于华丽,张晋国,等.槽缝气吸式小麦精量排种器[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(2):48-51.
[11]张国忠,罗锡文,臧英,等.水稻气力式排种器群布吸孔吸种盘吸种精度试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(6):13-20.
[12]翟建波.气力式水稻芽种精量穴直播排种器设计与试验研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015.