围产期母猪血清、乳汁及尿中常量元素含量变化规律研究
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摘要
为了解母猪围产期常量元素的营养特点,试验选取同批次15头初产长大二元杂种母猪,在分娩前7d、分娩当天和分娩后7d采取母猪血样,在分娩当天、分娩后7d和分娩后14d收集母猪乳样,在产前10d、分娩当天及产后10d收集母猪尿液,检测样品中常量元素的含量。结果显示:与分娩前7d和分娩后7d相比,分娩当天血清钙的含量没有变化(P>0.05),血清磷的含量升高(P<0.05),而血清镁的含量降低(P<0.05)。初乳中钙磷的含量极显著低于产后7d和14d乳汁中的钙磷含量(P<0.01);初乳中钾的含量随着哺乳期的延长而降低(P<0.01),初乳中钠、氯的含量极显著高于产后7d和14d的含量(P<0.01)。分娩当天和分娩后10d尿液钾的含量极显著高于分娩前10d的含量(P<0.01)。分娩当天尿液钠和氯的含量极显著高于分娩前10d的含量(P<0.01)。试验结果表明,围产期母猪对钾镁的需求量增加,围产期母猪的钾镁营养应该引起足够的重视。
The experiment is conducted to investigate the macroelement nutrition characteristics of sows during perinatal period.15 Landrace × Yorkshire primiparous sows were selected.Blood samples were collected on days-7,0 and+7 relative to the delivery day.Milk samples were collected on days 0,7 and+14 relative to the delivery day.Urine samples were collected on days 10,0 and+10 relative to the delivery day.The macroelement concentrations were detected.Compared with d-7 and+7,the serum calcium concentration didn't change(P>0.05),and the serum phosphorus concentration was significantly higher(P<0.05),however the serum magnesium concentration was significantly lower(P<0.05).The calcium and phosphorus concentrations in colostrum were lower than those in 7 dand 14 dmilk(P<0.01);The potassium content in colostrum decreased with the progress of lactation(P<0.01).The sodium and chlorine concentrations in colostrum were higher than those in 7 dand 14 dmilk(P<0.01).The potassium concentrations in urine on days 0 and 10 were significantly higher than that on day-10(P<0.01).The sodium and chlorine concentrations in urine on day 0 were higher than those of day-10(P<0.01).The results show that the demand for potassium and magnesium in perinatal sows has increased,and enough attention should be paid to the potassium and magnesium nutrition of perinatal sows.
The experiment is conducted to investigate the macroelement nutrition characteristics of sows during perinatal period.15 Landrace × Yorkshire primiparous sows were selected.Blood samples were collected on days-7,0 and+7 relative to the delivery day.Milk samples were collected on days 0,7 and+14 relative to the delivery day.Urine samples were collected on days 10,0 and+10 relative to the delivery day.The macroelement concentrations were detected.Compared with d-7 and+7,the serum calcium concentration didn't change(P>0.05),and the serum phosphorus concentration was significantly higher(P<0.05),however the serum magnesium concentration was significantly lower(P<0.05).The calcium and phosphorus concentrations in colostrum were lower than those in 7 dand 14 dmilk(P<0.01);The potassium content in colostrum decreased with the progress of lactation(P<0.01).The sodium and chlorine concentrations in colostrum were higher than those in 7 dand 14 dmilk(P<0.01).The potassium concentrations in urine on days 0 and 10 were significantly higher than that on day-10(P<0.01).The sodium and chlorine concentrations in urine on day 0 were higher than those of day-10(P<0.01).The results show that the demand for potassium and magnesium in perinatal sows has increased,and enough attention should be paid to the potassium and magnesium nutrition of perinatal sows.
引文
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[32]LYBERG K,ANDERSSON H K,SIMONSSON A,et al.Influence of different phosphorus levels and phytase supplementation in gestation diets on sow performance[J].Journal of Animal Physiololy and Animal Nutrition,2007,91(7/8):304-311.
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[34]PETERS J C,MAHAN D C,WISEMAN T G,et al.Effect of dietary organic and inorganic micromineral source and level on sow body,liver,colostrum,mature milk,and progeny mineral compositions over six parities[J].Journal of Animal Science,2010,88(2):626-637.
[35]ITOH M,BISSELL M J.The organization of tight junctions in epithelia:Implications for mammary gland biology and breast tumorigenesis[J].Journal of Mammary Gland Biololgy and Neoplasia,2003,8(4):449-462.
[36]MAHAN D C.Effect of organic or inorganic selenium sources and levels on sow colostrum and milk selenium content[J].Journal of Animal Science,2000,78(1):100-105.
[37]MAHAN D C,PETERS J C.Long-term effects of dietary organic or inorganic selenium sources and levels on reproducing sows and their progeny[J].Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(5):1 343-1 358.
[38]陈镜刚,杨华,肖英平,等.母猪分娩前后体重和尿液矿物元素含量变化[J].猪业科学,2016,33(8):112-113.
[39]罗先志.富钾矿物添加剂对猪生长的影响及作用机理研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2005.
[2]CONTRERAS G A,KIRKWOOD R N,SORDILLO L M.Mononuclear leukocyte fatty acid composition and inflammatory phenotype in periparturient and lactating sows[J].Journal of Animal Science,2013,91(1):174-187.
[3]刘永祥,杨建平,李婉涛,等.围产期母猪的营养及应激状况研究[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2014,35(11):35-37,66.
[4]SASAKI Y,KOKETSU Y.Mortality,death interval,survivals,and herd factors for death in gilts and sows in commercial breeding herds[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(11):3 159-3 165.
[5]MEUNIER-SALAIIN M C,GORT F,PRUNIER A,et al.Behavioural patterns and progesterone,cortisol and prolactin levels around parturition in European(Large-White)and Chinese(Meishan)sows[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,1991,31(S1/2):43-59.
[6]DAMM B I,VESTERGAARD K S,SCHRODER-PETERS-EN D L,et al.The effects of branches on prepartum nestbuilding in gilts with access to straw[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2000,69(2):113-124.
[7]ILLMANN G,CHALOUPKOVA H,MELISOVA M.Impact of sow prepartum behavior on maternal behavior,piglet body weight gain,and mortality in farrowing pens and crates[J].Journal of Animal Science,2016,94(9):3 978-3 986.
[8]SINGH C,VERDON M,CRONIN G M,et al.The behaviour and welfare of sows and piglets in farrowing crates or lactation pens[J].Animal,2017,11(7):1 210-1 221.
[9]DAMGAARD B M,MALMKVIST J,PEDERSEN L J,et al.The effects of floor heating on body temperature,water consumption,stress response and immune competence around parturition in loose-housed sows[J].Research in Veterinary Science,2009,86(1):136-145.
[10]HANSEN A V,LAURIDSEN C,SRENSEN M T,et al.Effects of nutrient supply,plasma metabolites and nutritional status of sows during transition on performance in the following lactation[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(2):466-480.
[11]HEDEMANN M S,FLUMMER C,KRISTENSEN N B,et al.Metabolic profiling of plasma from sows before parturition and during lactation using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(S4):200-202.
[12]BORIES P,VAUTRIN F,BOULOT S,et al.Analysis of physio-metabolic parameters in relation with long or complicated farrowings in the sow[J].Journées Recherche Porcine,2010,42(3):233-240.
[13]FOISNET A,FARMER C,DAVID C,et al.Relationships between colostrum production by primiparous sows and sow physiology around parturition[J].Journal of Animal Science,2010,88(5):1 672-1 683.
[14]MAHANU D C.Mineral nutrition of the sow:a review[J].Journal of Animal Science,1990,68(2):573-582.
[15]LE COZLER Y,BBEAUMA V,NEIL M,et al.Changes in the concentrations of glucose,non-esterifed fatty acids,urea,insulin,cortisol and some mineral elements in the plasma of the primiparous sow before,during and after induced parturition[J].Reproduction Nutrition Developement,1999,39(2):161-169.
[16]NITOVSKI A,MILENKOVICM,JOTANOVICS R,et al.Level of glucose,calcium and phosphorus in blood serum of the first litter sows with normal and disturbed laction[J].Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry,2011,27(3):843-852.
[17]王凯,何永明,薛月嫦,等.围产期母猪骨骼营养状况的研究[J].动物医学进展,2008(4):45-48.
[18]侯玉泽,丁晓雯.食品分析[M].郑州:郑州大学出版社,2011:89-123.
[19]章诒学,何华,陈江韩.分析化学及仪器[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:137-148.
[20]上海商检局.食品生化分析[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1982:187-198.
[21]殷震,刘景华.动物病毒学[M].北京:科学出版社,1997:645-651.
[22]WU W X,LIU J X,XU G Z,et al.Calcium homeostasis,acid-base balance,and health status in periparturient Holstein cows fed diets with low cation-anion difference[J].Livestock Science,2008,117(1):7-14.
[23]SLATER C J,ENDRES E L,WEAVER S R,et al.Interaction of 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan and negative dietary cation-anion difference on calcium homeostasis in multiparous peripartum dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2018,101(6):5 486-5 501.
[24]CUNNINGHAM J G,KLEIN B G.Veterinary physiology[M].4th ed.Amsterdam:Saunders Elsevier,2007:501-515.
[25]赵雁青,冯占雨,赵德明.日粮阴阳离子差对母猪钙代谢及相关指标的影响[J].中国饲料,2008(20):10-13.
[26]SHILS M E.Magnesium[M]//ZIEGLER E E,FILER L J.Present Knowledge in Nutrition.5th ed.Nutrition Reviews.Washington DC:ILSI Press,1984:422-438.
[27]DANICKE S,MEYER U,KERSTEN S,et al.Animal models to study the impact of nutrition on the immune system of the transition cow[J].Research in Veterinary Science,2018,116(2):15-27.
[28]WANKHADE P R,MANIMARAN A,KUMARESAN A,et al.Metabolic and immunological changes in transition dairy cows:A review[J].Veterinary World,2017,10(11):1 367-1 377.
[29]PEARODWONG P,MUNS R,TUMMARUK P.Prevalence of constipation and its influence on post-parturient disorders in tropical sows[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2016,48(3):525-531.
[30]ZANG J J,CHEN,J S,TIAN J,et al.Effects of magnesium on the performance of sows and their piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechology,2014,5(1):147-154.
[31]FOXCROFT G R,SILVA P V,PARADIS F.Application of transcriptomic analyses to reproductive studies in contemporary commercial sows[J].Theriogenology,2016,85(1):145-151.
[32]LYBERG K,ANDERSSON H K,SIMONSSON A,et al.Influence of different phosphorus levels and phytase supplementation in gestation diets on sow performance[J].Journal of Animal Physiololy and Animal Nutrition,2007,91(7/8):304-311.
[33]张海军.长约二元母猪初乳常规成分、酶和激素的动态变化及其与常乳的比较研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2002.
[34]PETERS J C,MAHAN D C,WISEMAN T G,et al.Effect of dietary organic and inorganic micromineral source and level on sow body,liver,colostrum,mature milk,and progeny mineral compositions over six parities[J].Journal of Animal Science,2010,88(2):626-637.
[35]ITOH M,BISSELL M J.The organization of tight junctions in epithelia:Implications for mammary gland biology and breast tumorigenesis[J].Journal of Mammary Gland Biololgy and Neoplasia,2003,8(4):449-462.
[36]MAHAN D C.Effect of organic or inorganic selenium sources and levels on sow colostrum and milk selenium content[J].Journal of Animal Science,2000,78(1):100-105.
[37]MAHAN D C,PETERS J C.Long-term effects of dietary organic or inorganic selenium sources and levels on reproducing sows and their progeny[J].Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(5):1 343-1 358.
[38]陈镜刚,杨华,肖英平,等.母猪分娩前后体重和尿液矿物元素含量变化[J].猪业科学,2016,33(8):112-113.
[39]罗先志.富钾矿物添加剂对猪生长的影响及作用机理研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2005.