不同温度下绿僵菌对东亚飞蝗3龄蝗蝻的致病力影响
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摘要
采用体表接菌法测定了商品生物农药金龟子绿僵菌油悬浮剂PD20080671在15、20、25、30、35和40℃等6个不同温度条件下对东亚飞蝗3龄蝗蝻的致病力的影响。结果表明:东亚飞蝗3龄蝗蝻的累积死亡率在接菌后19 d内均随天数的增加而升高。35℃的累积死亡率最高(82.50%),显著高于其他处理;40℃的累积死亡率最低,为55.00%。死亡个体的湿度培养结果显示绿僵菌在高温条件下萌发的时间较短,40℃为4.26 d,15℃为19.36 d。结果表明环境温度低于15℃或高于35℃都不利于绿僵菌杀死蝗虫。因此,在田间施用金龟子绿僵菌防治东亚飞蝗时应尽量避免高温天气,建议在上午低温时进行防治。
The 3 rd instar nymphs of Locusta migratoria manilensis were treated by the commercial biopesticides Metarhizium anisopliae(PD20080671) through body surface inoculation under six different temperatures(15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ℃). The results showed that the cumulative mortality of locust nymphs increased within 19 d after inoculation. The highest(82.5%) was at 35 ℃ and the lowest(55.0%) was at 40 ℃. Most of the dead locusts were 3 rd instars and a few were adults as the nyphms molted during the test period. Spore germination from of the dead locusts appeared sooner(4.26 d) at 40 ℃ and took longer(19.36 days) at 15 ℃.The results indicate that temperature below 15 ℃ and greater than 35 ℃ are not optimal for fungal pathogenesis.These results demonstrate that the best time to apply biopesticides is early morning when the temperature is relatively low.
The 3 rd instar nymphs of Locusta migratoria manilensis were treated by the commercial biopesticides Metarhizium anisopliae(PD20080671) through body surface inoculation under six different temperatures(15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ℃). The results showed that the cumulative mortality of locust nymphs increased within 19 d after inoculation. The highest(82.5%) was at 35 ℃ and the lowest(55.0%) was at 40 ℃. Most of the dead locusts were 3 rd instars and a few were adults as the nyphms molted during the test period. Spore germination from of the dead locusts appeared sooner(4.26 d) at 40 ℃ and took longer(19.36 days) at 15 ℃.The results indicate that temperature below 15 ℃ and greater than 35 ℃ are not optimal for fungal pathogenesis.These results demonstrate that the best time to apply biopesticides is early morning when the temperature is relatively low.
引文
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[19]李向英,李文华,彭国雄,等.两株侵染东亚飞蝗的金龟子绿僵菌菌株的生物学特性比较[C].中国虫生真菌研究与应用,2003:124-128.
[20]王宝辉,郑建伟,黄大庄,等.绿僵菌MS01菌株的生物学特性及在不同温湿度下对光肩星天牛幼虫的致病力[J].林业科学,2009,45(9):158-162.
[21]Fargues J,Goettel M S,Smits N,et al.Variability in susceptibility to simulated sunlight of conidia among isolates of entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes[J].Mycopathologia,1996,135(3):171-181.
[22]农向群,高松.白僵菌绿僵菌分生孢子对高温的耐受力[J].中国生物防治学报,1999,15(3):111-114.
[23]姚君明,顾晓军,问锦曾,等.温度对绿僵菌菌株LA06、LD04生物学特性的影响[J].武夷科学,2007,23(1):6-12.
[2]陈永林.中国主要蝗虫及蝗灾的生态学治理[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[3]李钢.历史时期中国蝗灾记录特征及其环境意义集成研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2008.
[4]卢芙萍,赵冬香,马恩波.海南岛蝗虫研究现状与展望[J].热带农业科学,2006,26(1):53-59.
[5]朱景全,杨普云,张龙,等.蝗灾绿色防控技术现状与展望[J].中国植保导刊,2013,33(10):22-25.
[6]黄冲,刘万才.近10年我国飞蝗发生特点分析与监控建议[J].中国植保导刊,2016,36(12):49-54.
[7]Prior C,Greathead D J.Biological control of locusts:the potential for the exploitation of pathogens[J].Fao Plant Protection Bulletin,1989,37(1):37-48.
[8]Arthurs S,Thomas M B,Langewald J.Field observations of the effects of fenitrothion and Metarhizium anisopliae var.acridum on non-target ground dwelling arthropods in the Sahel[J].Biological Control,2003,26(3):333-340.
[9]侯颖,夏彦飞,徐建强,等.一株绿僵菌的鉴定、生物学特性及对东亚飞蝗的致病力[J].中国生物防治学报,2015,31(3):333-339.
[10]Hunter D M,Milner R J,Scanlan J C,et al.Aerial treatment of the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria(L.)(Orthoptera:Acrididae)with Metarhizium anisopliae(Deuteromycotina:Hyphomycetes)in Australia[J].Crop Protection,1999,18(10):699-704.
[11]Langewald J,Oumbama Z,Mamadou A,et al.Comparison of an organohosphate insecticide with a mycoinsecticide for the control of Oedaleus senegalensis(Orthoptera:Acrididae)and other Sahelian grasshoppers at an operational scale[J].Biocontrol Science and Technology,1999,9(2):199-214.
[12]Lomer C J,Bateman R P,Johnson D L,et al.Biological control of locusts and grasshoppers[J].Annual Review of Entomology,2001,46(1):667-702.
[13]Scanlan J C,Grant W E,Hunter D M,et al.Habitat and environmental factors influencing the control of migratory locusts(Locusta migratoria)with an entomopathogenic fungus(Metarhizium anisopliae)[J].Ecological Modelling,2001,136(1-2):223-236.
[14]Lomer C J.Bateman R P,Dent D,et al.Development of strategies for the incorporation of biological pesticides into the integrated management of locusts and grasshoppers[J].Agricultural and Forest Entomology,1999,1(2):71-88.
[15]涂雄兵.绿僵菌侵染对东亚飞蝗发育的影响研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[16]岳梅,雷仲仁,孟涛,等.温度对绿僵菌LA菌株孢子萌发、酶活力及毒力的影响[J].植物保护,2010,36(2):56-60.
[17]涂雄兵,王广君,农向群,等.不同温度下东亚飞蝗交配及产卵行为[J].植物保护,2011,37(4):124-125.
[18]朱彬洲,雷仲仁,徐洪富,等.不同温湿度条件下绿僵菌LA菌株对东亚飞蝗的致病力[J].中国生物防治学报,2010,26(4):448-452.
[19]李向英,李文华,彭国雄,等.两株侵染东亚飞蝗的金龟子绿僵菌菌株的生物学特性比较[C].中国虫生真菌研究与应用,2003:124-128.
[20]王宝辉,郑建伟,黄大庄,等.绿僵菌MS01菌株的生物学特性及在不同温湿度下对光肩星天牛幼虫的致病力[J].林业科学,2009,45(9):158-162.
[21]Fargues J,Goettel M S,Smits N,et al.Variability in susceptibility to simulated sunlight of conidia among isolates of entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes[J].Mycopathologia,1996,135(3):171-181.
[22]农向群,高松.白僵菌绿僵菌分生孢子对高温的耐受力[J].中国生物防治学报,1999,15(3):111-114.
[23]姚君明,顾晓军,问锦曾,等.温度对绿僵菌菌株LA06、LD04生物学特性的影响[J].武夷科学,2007,23(1):6-12.