子牙河流域湿地污染时空分布及湿地富营养化
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摘要
湿地在干旱缺水的子牙河水系具有重要生态价值。论文研究了该流域典型湖、库、滨海湿地主要污染物的时空分布特征,并对水体富营养化程度做出评价。结果表明,流域湿地夏秋春季TN均值分别为2.55、2.68和5.34mg·L~(-1),均超过国家地表Ⅲ类水标准限值,夏秋春季TP均值分别为0.09、0.07和0.23mg·L~(-1),达到国家地表Ⅲ类水标准,各季节大部分湿地处于磷限制状态;夏秋春季CODCr含量分别为43.52、107.71和41.6mg·L~(-1),均超过国家地表Ⅴ类水标准限值。Chl-a含量季节变化规律为夏季>春季>秋季,滨海湿地相对其他类型湿地Chl-a含量较高;河流TN、TP、CODCr含量均远高于其它湿地,从上游山区至中游城市湖泊及下游滨海湿地,水体污染程度逐渐加剧;各季节大部分水体均处于不同程度富营养化状态,其中邯郸北湖、北大港及河流春季富营养化程度最为严重。
Wetlands have important ecological values in Ziya River Basin with shortage of water.The temporal and spatial distribution of the main contaminants was analyzed,and water eutrophication degree of wetlands was also assessed.The results showed that the average total nitrogen(TN)concentration of wetlands samples in summer,autumn and spring was 2.55,2.68 and 5.34 mg·L~(-1),respectively,which was higher than theⅢ-class standard of national surface water.And the averagetotalphosphorus(TP)concentration of wetlands samples insummer,autumn and spring was 0.09,0.07 and 0.23 mg·L~(-1),respectively,which reaches theⅢ-class standard of national surface water.Most of the wetlands ineachseason were phosphate-limited.CODCrconcentration of wetlands samples insummer,autumn and spring was 43.52,107.71 and 41.6 mg·L~(-1),respectively,which was higher than theⅤ-class standard of national surface water.The order of seasonal variation of Chl-awas summer>spring>autumn,and the Chl-aconcentration of coastal wetlands was higher than that of other types of wetlands.The content of TN,TP and CODCrin rivers was much higher than that of other wetlands,and the pollution degree of water bodies is gradually aggravated from the upstream mountainous reservoirs to the midstream urban lakes,and the downstream coastal marshes.Most of the wetlands are in different degrees of eutrophication in different seasons,and eutrophication degreesof rivers,Handanbei Lake,Beidagang marsh were in the most serious status in spring.
Wetlands have important ecological values in Ziya River Basin with shortage of water.The temporal and spatial distribution of the main contaminants was analyzed,and water eutrophication degree of wetlands was also assessed.The results showed that the average total nitrogen(TN)concentration of wetlands samples in summer,autumn and spring was 2.55,2.68 and 5.34 mg·L~(-1),respectively,which was higher than theⅢ-class standard of national surface water.And the averagetotalphosphorus(TP)concentration of wetlands samples insummer,autumn and spring was 0.09,0.07 and 0.23 mg·L~(-1),respectively,which reaches theⅢ-class standard of national surface water.Most of the wetlands ineachseason were phosphate-limited.CODCrconcentration of wetlands samples insummer,autumn and spring was 43.52,107.71 and 41.6 mg·L~(-1),respectively,which was higher than theⅤ-class standard of national surface water.The order of seasonal variation of Chl-awas summer>spring>autumn,and the Chl-aconcentration of coastal wetlands was higher than that of other types of wetlands.The content of TN,TP and CODCrin rivers was much higher than that of other wetlands,and the pollution degree of water bodies is gradually aggravated from the upstream mountainous reservoirs to the midstream urban lakes,and the downstream coastal marshes.Most of the wetlands are in different degrees of eutrophication in different seasons,and eutrophication degreesof rivers,Handanbei Lake,Beidagang marsh were in the most serious status in spring.
引文
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[33]Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD).Eutrophication of waters;monitoring,assessment and control[J].Journal of Urology,1982,191(4):675-691.
[2]Meng W,He M,Hu B,et al.Status of wetlands in China:A review of extent,degradation,issues and recommendations for improvement[J].Ocean&Coastal Management,2017,146:50-59.
[3]李春晖,郑小康,崔嵬,等.衡水湖流域生态系统健康评价[J].地理研究,2008,27(3):565-573.Li C H,Zheng X K,Cui W,etal.Watershed eco-health assessment of Hengshui Lake[J].Geographical Research,2008,27(3):565-573.
[4]夏芸,李倩,许映军,等.河北南大港湿地冬季浮游植物群落特征[J].海洋环境科学,2017,36(5):712-718.Xia Y,Li Q,Xu Y J,et al.Characteristics of phytoplankton communities in Nandagang wetland of Hebei province in winter[J].Marine Environmental Science,2017,36(5):712-718.
[5]赵志楠,张月明,梁晓林,等.河北省南大港滨海湿地退化评价[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(4):339-344.Zhao Z N,Zhang Y M,Liang X L,et al.Evolution on degradation of Nandagang coastal wetland in Hebei Province[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,34(4):339-344.
[6]李文艳.天津滨海湿地生态系统退化指标体系的构建与评价研究[D].济南:山东师范大学人口资源与环境学院,2011.Li W Y.The Construction and Evaluation of Tianjin Coastal Wetland Ecosystem Degradation Index System[D].Jinan:College of Population,Resource and Environment,Shandong Normal University,2011.
[7]刘双爽,陈诗越,姚敏,等.天津地区团泊洼水库和七里海沼泽水质研究[J].湿地科学,2014,2(2):257-262.Liu S S,Chen S Y,Yao M,et al.Water quality of Tuanpowa Reservoir and Qilihai marshesin Tianjin Area[J].Wetland Science,2014,2(2):257-262.
[8]Muri G,ˇCermelj B,Jac′imovic′R,et al.Factors that contributed to recent eutrophication of two Slovenian mountain lakes[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2017(Suppl 1):1-16.
[9]Mucci M,Maliaka V,Noyma N P,et al.Assessment of possible solid-phase phosphate sorbents to mitigate eutrophication:Influence of pH and anoxia[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,619:1431-1440.
[10]Zhang Y,Zhou Y,Shi K,et al.Optical properties and composition changes in chromophoric dissolved organic matter along trophic gradients:Implications for monitoring and assessing lake eutrophication[J].Water Research,2017,131:255-263.
[11]Ortiz-Reyes E,Anex R P.A life cycle impact assessment method for freshwater eutrophication due to the transport of phosphorus from agricultural production[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,177:474-482.
[12]Wu D,Yan H,Shang M,et al.Water eutrophication evaluation based on semi-supervised classification:A case study in Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Ecological Indicators,2017,81:362-372.
[13]奚姗姗,周春财,刘桂建,等.巢湖水体氮磷营养盐时空分布特征[J].环境科学,2016(2):542-547.Xi S S,Zhou C C,Liu G J,et al.Spatial and temporal distributions of nitrogen and phosphate in the Chaohu Lake[J].Environmental Science,2016(2):542-547.
[14]张焕焕,毕春娟,陈振楼,等.滴水湖水系中氮的污染特征及其影响因子[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(10):2646-2652.Zhang H H,Bi C J,Chen Z L,et al.Pollution characteristics of nitrogen and its influence factors in water and sediments of Dishui Lake water system[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(10):2646-2652.
[15]王岩,姜霞,李永峰,等.洞庭湖氮磷时空分布与水体营养状态特征[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(5):484-491.Wang Y,Jiang X,Li Y F,et al.Spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus and nutritional characteristics of water in DongtingLake[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(5):484-491.
[16]王书航,王雯雯,姜霞,等.蠡湖水体氮、磷时空变化及差异性分析[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(5):1268-1276.Wang S H,Wang W W,Jiang X,et al.Spatial-temporal dynamic changes of nitrogen and phosphorus and difference analysis in water body of Lihu Lake[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(5):1268-1276.
[17]陈小华,李小平,王菲菲,等.苏南地区湖泊群的富营养化状态比较及指标阈值判定分析[J].生态学报,2014,34(2):390-399.Chen X H,Li X P,Wang F F,et al.Research on the difference in eutrophication state and indicator threshold value determination amonglakes in the Southern Jiangsu Province,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(2):390-399.
[18]赵高峰,毛战坡,周洋.海河流域水环境安全问题与对策[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.Zhao G F,Mao Z P,Zhou Y.Water Environment Safety Problems and Countermeasures in Haihe River Basin[M].Beijing:Science Press,2013.
[19]熊洋,李文体.对子牙河水系水资源保护的思考[J].海河水利,2007(1):16-17.Xiong Y,Li W T.Thought of water resource protection in Ziya River System[J].Haihe Water Resources,2007(1):16-17.
[20]赵钰,单保庆,张文强,等.子牙河水系河流氮素组成及空间分布特征[J].环境科学,2014,35(1):143-149.Zhao Y,Shan B Q,Zhang W Q,et al.Forms and spatial distribution characteristics of nitrogen in Ziya River Basin[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(1):143-149.
[21]李文赞,李叙勇,王慧亮,等.滏阳河主要水环境污染物空间分布特性研究[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(11):2814-2819.Li W Z,Li X Y,Wang H L,et al.Spatial distribution of the main contaminations in aquatic environment in Fuyang River[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(11):2814-2819.
[22]王超,单保庆.子牙河水系水和沉积物好氧氨氧化微生物分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(12):2943-2950.Wang C,Shan B Q.The distribution of aerobic ammonia oxidizing microorganisms in Ziya River,Haihe Basin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(12):2943-2950.
[23]国家环保局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1997.Ministry of Ecology and Environmental of the People’s Republic of China.Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analysis Methods[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1997.
[24]Xi S,Liu G,Zhou C,et al.Assessment of the sources of nitrate in the Chaohu Lake,China,using a nitrogen and oxygen isotopic approach[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(2):1647-1655.
[25]李如忠,刘科峰,钱靖,等.合肥市区典型景观水体氮磷污染特征及富营养化评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(5):1718-1726.Li R Z,Liu K F,Qian J,et al.Nitrogen and phosphate pollution characteristics and eutrophication evaluationfor typical urban landscape waters in Hefei City[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(5):1718-1726.
[26]Zhao Y,Yang Z,Li Y.Investigation of water pollution in Baiyangdian Lake,China[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2010,2(6):737-748.
[27]Wu Z,Wang X,Chen Y,et al.Assessing river water quality using water quality index in Lake Taihu Basin,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,612:914-922.
[28]Guildford S J,Hecky R E.Total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and nutrient limitation in lakes and oceans:Is there a common relationship?[J].Limnology&Oceanography,2000,45(6):1213-1223.
[29]何德进,邢友华,姜瑞雪,等.东平湖水体中氮磷的分布特征及其富营养化评价[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(8):45-48.He D J,Xing Y H,Jiang R X,et al.Distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in water and eutrophication assessment of Dongping Lake[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,33(8):45-48.
[30]王明翠,刘雪芹,张建辉.湖泊富营养化评价方法及分级标准[J].中国环境监测,2002,18(5):47-49.Wang M C,Liu X Q,Zhang J H.Evaluate method and classification standard on lake eutrophication[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2002,18(5):47-49.
[31]金相灿.中国湖泊富营养化[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.Jin X C.Eutrophication of Chinese Lakes[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1990.
[32]Wu F F,Wang X.Eutrophication evaluation based on set pair analysis of Baiyangdian Lake,North China[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2012,13(3):1030-1036.
[33]Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD).Eutrophication of waters;monitoring,assessment and control[J].Journal of Urology,1982,191(4):675-691.