光热转换材料及其在脱盐领域的应用
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摘要
光热脱盐技术在缓解水资源短缺和减少水环境污染等方面具有重要的应用前景,已吸引了各国研究者的广泛关注。光热脱盐主要是利用光热转换材料将吸收的太阳光能直接、高效地转化为热能,以蒸发水分实现含盐水脱盐和水质净化,其效率取决于光热转换材料的性能。本文综述了近年来太阳能光热转换材料如金属基材料、碳基材料、半导体材料、有机聚合物材料、复合光热材料的研究现状及其光热转换机理,并介绍了光热转换材料在脱盐领域的应用进展。基于上述分析,对光热转换材料在未来脱盐领域的研究前景进行了展望,提出应针对光热转换材料的低强度全光谱吸收和高效转化利用、光热稳定性和重复使用性提高,以及光热脱盐系统的热传递损失最小化和热量利用最大化等方面进行深入探析。
Photo-thermal desalination has attracted extensive attention because of its potential applications in solving the problems of water resources shortage and water pollution. During the process of photo-thermal desalination, photo-thermal conversion materials are applied to absorb the solar energy and then convert the solar energy into the heat energy directly and efficiently, meanwhile the heat energy is used to evaporate, desalinate, and purify the saline water. To a great extent, the efficiency of photo-thermal desalination depends on the properties of the applied photo-thermal conversion materials. In this paper, recent researches on solar photo-thermal conversion materials, including metal-based materials, carbon-based materials, semiconductor materials, organic polymer materials, and composite photo-thermal materials are reviewed; the photo-thermal conversion mechanism are summarized. Moreover, the application progress of photo-thermal conversion materials in the field of desalination is also introduced. Based on the above analyses, the research prospects of photo-thermal conversion materials in the field of desalination are discussed. We propose that the future research should focus on the efficient absorption and utilization of photo-thermal conversion materials for the low intensity and full spectrum sun light, the improvement of thermal stability and reusability of photo-thermal conversion materials, and the minimum heat transfer loss and the maximum heat utilization efficiency of photo-thermal desalination system.
Photo-thermal desalination has attracted extensive attention because of its potential applications in solving the problems of water resources shortage and water pollution. During the process of photo-thermal desalination, photo-thermal conversion materials are applied to absorb the solar energy and then convert the solar energy into the heat energy directly and efficiently, meanwhile the heat energy is used to evaporate, desalinate, and purify the saline water. To a great extent, the efficiency of photo-thermal desalination depends on the properties of the applied photo-thermal conversion materials. In this paper, recent researches on solar photo-thermal conversion materials, including metal-based materials, carbon-based materials, semiconductor materials, organic polymer materials, and composite photo-thermal materials are reviewed; the photo-thermal conversion mechanism are summarized. Moreover, the application progress of photo-thermal conversion materials in the field of desalination is also introduced. Based on the above analyses, the research prospects of photo-thermal conversion materials in the field of desalination are discussed. We propose that the future research should focus on the efficient absorption and utilization of photo-thermal conversion materials for the low intensity and full spectrum sun light, the improvement of thermal stability and reusability of photo-thermal conversion materials, and the minimum heat transfer loss and the maximum heat utilization efficiency of photo-thermal desalination system.
引文
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