不同生物有机肥对贵州高海拔春马铃薯生长及土壤肥力的影响
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摘要
以贵州春马铃薯威芋5号为研究对象,通过大田试验研究了不同生物有机肥对马铃薯产量、结薯性状、养分与品质和土壤肥力的影响,结果表明:与习惯施西洋复合肥750kg/hm2+追施尿素112.5kg/hm2相比,加施生物有机肥1 800kg/hm2可使马铃薯出苗率增加,马铃薯产量提高2.11%～26.46%,单株结薯数提高5.45%～38.18%,单株产量提高1.41%～47.16%,均以加施RW促腐剂混合有机肥处理最佳;加施不同生物有机肥可以显著提高马铃薯磷素含量,增幅为19.55%～42.46%,同时可使马铃薯淀粉含量提高2.44～8.69个百分点,但对马铃薯块茎中的氮素、水分和还原糖含量无明显影响;从土壤养分变化来看,与习惯施肥相比,加施生物有机肥使土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别提高49.31%～91.35%(金葵子LPK生物肥除外)、38.21%～52.36%、10.42%～21.74%、10.92%～68.41%和10.53%～39.47%。综合来看,RW促腐剂混合有机肥可作为贵州高海拔地区春马铃薯高产优质栽培的最佳生物有机肥。
Weiyu No.5(spring potato variety in Guizhou) was used in an field experiment to study the effects of different biological organic fertilizers on potato yield,characteristics such as nutrient and quality as well as soil fertility.The results showed that the application of biological organic fertilizer could significantly increase the emergence rate of potato,and the yield increased by 2.11%-26.46%;the number of potatoes per plant increased by 5.45%-38.18%;the yield per plant increased by 1.41%-47.16% compared with the conventional fertilization.T2 treatment in which the RW was added as an organic decomposition enhancer was the best.The content of phosphorus in potato tubers was increased by 19.55%-42.46% significantly,and the content of starch was increased by 2.44-8.69 percentage points,but no significant change in contents of nitrogen,water content and reducing sugar.The application of biological organic fertilizer significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium by 49.31%-91.35%(except Jinkuizi LPK biological fertilizer),38.21%-52.36%,10.42%-21.74%,10.92%-68.41% and 10.53%-39.47% compared with T1 treatment,respectively.In general,RW can be used as the best biological organic fertilizer for high yield and high quality cultivation of spring potato in the high altitude area of Guizhou.
Weiyu No.5(spring potato variety in Guizhou) was used in an field experiment to study the effects of different biological organic fertilizers on potato yield,characteristics such as nutrient and quality as well as soil fertility.The results showed that the application of biological organic fertilizer could significantly increase the emergence rate of potato,and the yield increased by 2.11%-26.46%;the number of potatoes per plant increased by 5.45%-38.18%;the yield per plant increased by 1.41%-47.16% compared with the conventional fertilization.T2 treatment in which the RW was added as an organic decomposition enhancer was the best.The content of phosphorus in potato tubers was increased by 19.55%-42.46% significantly,and the content of starch was increased by 2.44-8.69 percentage points,but no significant change in contents of nitrogen,water content and reducing sugar.The application of biological organic fertilizer significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium by 49.31%-91.35%(except Jinkuizi LPK biological fertilizer),38.21%-52.36%,10.42%-21.74%,10.92%-68.41% and 10.53%-39.47% compared with T1 treatment,respectively.In general,RW can be used as the best biological organic fertilizer for high yield and high quality cultivation of spring potato in the high altitude area of Guizhou.
引文
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[19]李鸣凤,王清林,鲁明星,等.有机水溶肥料与无机肥料配施对马铃薯产量、养分吸收和品质的影响.中国马铃薯,28(6):340-347.
[20]曾晶,荣湘民,刘强,等.酒糟型生物有机肥对豆角产量和品质的影响.湖南农业科学,2007,41(3):106-109.
[21]郭赵娟,吴焕章,刘慧超,等.马铃薯栽培有机肥料筛选试验.中国马铃薯,2005,19(4):218-220.
[22]李鸣雷,谷洁,高华,等.不同有机肥对大豆植株性状、品质和产量的影响.西北农林科技大学学报,2007,35(9):66-72.
[23]赵跃,黄楠,刘继培,等.生物有机肥替代化肥对番茄产量和品质及土壤养分的影响.中国农技推广,2019,35(2):57-59.
[24]吴平江,夏叶,薛勇,等.不同生物有机肥对绿洲温室番茄生长及产量的影响.安徽农业科学,2019,47(2):144-146.
[2]李国琴,李秉雄,王顺江.农家肥、氮肥、磷肥配施对马铃薯产量的影响.中国马铃薯,2005,19(5):262-265.
[3]江华波,铁曼曼,邱亨池,等.生物有机肥的特性及应用.现代农业科技,2015,23(11):242-243.
[4]施河丽,谭军,秦兴成,等.不同生物有机肥对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响.中国烟草科学,2014,35(2):65-68.
[5]王建湘,周杰良.不同有机肥种类对小白菜品质及产量的影响.上海蔬菜,2007,23(1):63-64.
[6]蒋春来,李淑芹,王东,等.生物有机肥对春小麦品质产量的影响.东北农业大学学报,2004,35(5):526-528.
[7]李巨,李长喜.生物有机肥对花生生长发育及产量的影响.花生学报,2014,43(3):52-55.
[8]胡诚,刘东海,乔艳,等.施用生物有机肥对土壤酶活性及作物产量的影响.华北农学报,2017,32(增刊):308-312.
[9]张丽荣,郭成瑾,沈瑞清,等.不同生物有机肥对马铃薯生长和产量的影响以及防治黑痣病的效果.江苏农业科学,2017,45(14):66-68.
[10]刘星,张文明,张春红,等.土壤灭菌-生物有机肥联用对连作马铃薯及土壤真菌群落结构的影响.生态学报,2016,36(20):6365-6378.
[11]孙家骏,付青霞,谷洁,等.生物有机肥对猕猴桃土壤酶活性和微生物群落的影响.2016,27(3):829-837.
[12]孔涛,马瑜,刘民,等.生物有机肥对土壤养分和土壤微生物的影响.干旱区研究,2016,33(4):884-891.
[13]巩子毓,高旭,黄炎,等.连续施用生物有机肥提高设施黄瓜产量和品质的研究.南京农业大学学报,2016,39(5):777-783.
[14]李春花,孙道旺,何成兴,等.不同生物有机肥对荞麦病害及产量的影响.中国农学通报,2018,34(19):1-4.
[15]柳玲玲,芶久兰,何佳芳,等.生物有机肥对连作马铃薯及土壤生化性状的影响.土壤,2017,49(4):706-711.
[16]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[17]高俊风.植物生理学实验指导.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[18]王文丽,李娟,赵旭.3种生物有机肥对马铃薯生长发育和品质的影响.甘肃农业科技,2014,16(9):10-12.
[19]李鸣凤,王清林,鲁明星,等.有机水溶肥料与无机肥料配施对马铃薯产量、养分吸收和品质的影响.中国马铃薯,28(6):340-347.
[20]曾晶,荣湘民,刘强,等.酒糟型生物有机肥对豆角产量和品质的影响.湖南农业科学,2007,41(3):106-109.
[21]郭赵娟,吴焕章,刘慧超,等.马铃薯栽培有机肥料筛选试验.中国马铃薯,2005,19(4):218-220.
[22]李鸣雷,谷洁,高华,等.不同有机肥对大豆植株性状、品质和产量的影响.西北农林科技大学学报,2007,35(9):66-72.
[23]赵跃,黄楠,刘继培,等.生物有机肥替代化肥对番茄产量和品质及土壤养分的影响.中国农技推广,2019,35(2):57-59.
[24]吴平江,夏叶,薛勇,等.不同生物有机肥对绿洲温室番茄生长及产量的影响.安徽农业科学,2019,47(2):144-146.