2016-2017年乌鲁木齐市大气细颗粒物中部分金属含量及其污染特征分析
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摘要
目的了解乌鲁木齐市近年来大气细颗粒物中部分金属污染现状,为大气污染防制提供科学依据。方法 2016-2017年利用大流量采样器在乌鲁木齐市共采集有效大气细颗粒物样品492份,对颗粒物中部分金属含量及其污染现状进行分析。结果 2016-2017年乌鲁木齐市所测细颗粒物中铝、铅和镉的质量浓度分别为172. 84(96. 76～256. 58) ng/m3、28. 33(16. 66～43. 67) ng/m3和0. 680(0. 354～1. 113) ng/m3。铝、铅、镉的质量浓度呈现季节性变化。乌鲁木齐市2016与2017年所测大气细颗粒物中铝的质量浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0. 01)。铅、镉的质量浓度与日均湿度、日均风速、日均温度的|r|值为0. 622～0. 820。铅、镉的富集因子值均小于1。结论铝、铅、镉的浓度与季节、细颗粒物质量浓度、气象因素等有关联。细颗粒物中铅、镉的富集程度为最小富集。
Objective To understand the metal content and its pollution in atmospheric fine particles in Urumqi in recent years and provide some scientific references for the air pollution control and prevention. Methods A total of 498 effective samples of atmospheric fine particles were collected in Urumqi from 2016 to 2017 by using a large flow sampler. The metal content and its pollution were analyzed based on the samples. Results The mass concentrations of aluminum,lead and cadmium in fine particulates measured in Urumqi from 2016 to 2017 were172. 84( 96. 76 ～ 256. 58) ng/m3,28. 33( 16. 66 ～ 43. 67) ng/m3 and 0. 680( 0. 354 ～ 1. 113) ng/m3,respectively. The mass concentration of aluminum,lead and cadmium changed seasonally. There was a statistically significant difference in the mass concentration of aluminum in atmospheric fine particles measured in Urumqi between 2016 and 2017( P < 0. 01). The mass concentration of lead and cadmium and the daily average humidity,daily average wind speed,and daily average temperature had the | r | value ranged from 0. 622 to0. 820. The enrichment factor values of both lead and cadmium were less than 1. Conclusion The concentrations of aluminum,lead and cadmium are related to the season,fine particles mass concentration,meteorological factors etc. The enrichment of lead and cadmium in fine particles is the minimum.
Objective To understand the metal content and its pollution in atmospheric fine particles in Urumqi in recent years and provide some scientific references for the air pollution control and prevention. Methods A total of 498 effective samples of atmospheric fine particles were collected in Urumqi from 2016 to 2017 by using a large flow sampler. The metal content and its pollution were analyzed based on the samples. Results The mass concentrations of aluminum,lead and cadmium in fine particulates measured in Urumqi from 2016 to 2017 were172. 84( 96. 76 ～ 256. 58) ng/m3,28. 33( 16. 66 ～ 43. 67) ng/m3 and 0. 680( 0. 354 ～ 1. 113) ng/m3,respectively. The mass concentration of aluminum,lead and cadmium changed seasonally. There was a statistically significant difference in the mass concentration of aluminum in atmospheric fine particles measured in Urumqi between 2016 and 2017( P < 0. 01). The mass concentration of lead and cadmium and the daily average humidity,daily average wind speed,and daily average temperature had the | r | value ranged from 0. 622 to0. 820. The enrichment factor values of both lead and cadmium were less than 1. Conclusion The concentrations of aluminum,lead and cadmium are related to the season,fine particles mass concentration,meteorological factors etc. The enrichment of lead and cadmium in fine particles is the minimum.
引文
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[12]李军,吕爱华,李建刚.“十一五”时期乌鲁木齐市大气污染特征及影响因素分析[J].中国环境监测,2014,30(2):14-20.
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[15]江庆庆,周莲,陈曦,等.工业区大气PM2. 5中金属元素分布特征及影响因素的分析[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30(9):777-780.
[16]GB 3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S]. 2012.
[17]张艳燕.乌鲁木齐市冬季典型空气污染状况的气象条件数值模拟研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2011:1-78.
[18]巩梦丹,尹华强.第十七届二氧化硫、氮氧化物、汞污染防治技术及细颗粒物(PM2. 5)控制与监测技术研讨会论文集[C].杭州:159-165.
[19]刘凤玲,卢霞,吴梦龙,等.南京大气细粒子中重金属污染特征及来源解析[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(2):652-658.
[20]王伟,孔少飞,刘海彪,等.南京市春节前后大气PM2. 5中重金属来源及健康风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(7):2186-2195.
[2]XU Gang,JIAO Limin,ZHAO Suli. Spatial and Temporal Variability of PM2. 5 Concentration in China[J]. Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences,2016,21(4):358-368.
[3]玛依热·热夏提,晓开提·依不拉音,康宏,等.乌鲁木齐市大气细颗粒物(PM2. 5)污染成分特征[J].新疆医科大学学报,2016,39(5):635-639.
[4]Duan J,Tan J,Wang S,et al.Size distributions and Sources of elements in particulate matter at curbside,urban and rural sites in Bei—jing[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2012,24(1):87-94.
[5]贺婷婷.浅谈铝与人体健康的关系[J].微量元素与健康研究,2013,30(2):70-71.
[6]李可鑫.伏安法测定PM2. 5中的硝酸根离子、铅离子和铜离子[D].扬州:扬州大学,2015:1-83.
[7]李友平,刘慧芳,周洪,等.成都市PM2. 5中有毒重金属污染特征及健康风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(7):2225-2232.
[8]Wang XH,Bi XH,Sheng GY,et al.Chemical composition and sources of PM10 and PM2. 5 aerosols in Guangzhou,China[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2006,119:425-439.
[9]焦姣,姬亚芹,白志鹏,等.重庆市颗粒物中元素分布特征及来源分析[J].环境污染与防治,2014,36(3):60-66.
[10]成航新,李括,李敏,等.中国城市土壤化学元素的背景值与基准值[J].地学前缘,2014,21(3):265-306.
[11]Przemyslaw Charzynski,Andrzej Plak,Agnieszka Hanaka.Influence of the soil sealing on the geoaccumulation index of heavy metals and various pollution factors[J].Environmental Science Pollution Research,2017,24:4801-4811.
[12]李军,吕爱华,李建刚.“十一五”时期乌鲁木齐市大气污染特征及影响因素分析[J].中国环境监测,2014,30(2):14-20.
[13]张克磊.乌鲁木齐市PM2. 5的时空格局及其变化特征[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2014:1-56.
[14]林香男.贵阳市PM2. 5中致癌重金属和碳组研究[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2017:1-66.
[15]江庆庆,周莲,陈曦,等.工业区大气PM2. 5中金属元素分布特征及影响因素的分析[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30(9):777-780.
[16]GB 3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S]. 2012.
[17]张艳燕.乌鲁木齐市冬季典型空气污染状况的气象条件数值模拟研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2011:1-78.
[18]巩梦丹,尹华强.第十七届二氧化硫、氮氧化物、汞污染防治技术及细颗粒物(PM2. 5)控制与监测技术研讨会论文集[C].杭州:159-165.
[19]刘凤玲,卢霞,吴梦龙,等.南京大气细粒子中重金属污染特征及来源解析[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(2):652-658.
[20]王伟,孔少飞,刘海彪,等.南京市春节前后大气PM2. 5中重金属来源及健康风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(7):2186-2195.