2016—2017年乌鲁木齐市大气细颗粒物中铝污染现状及其健康风险评价
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摘要
目的了解乌鲁木齐市大气细颗粒物中铝的含量,分析铝污染现状及其可能对人体健康产生的危害。方法 2016—2017年期间,采用大流量采样器采集大气细颗粒物样品,并对样品中铝的质量浓度进行相关分析。结果大气细颗粒物中铝的平均质量浓度为172.83 ng/m3。乌鲁木齐市城北监测区2016与2017年铝的质量浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。大气细颗粒物中铝的地积累指数值>4。铝的质量浓度与气压、温度的相关系数分别为0.346、-0.417。大气细颗粒物中铝的非致癌风险系数HQ值在1.36×10~(-4)～3.62×10~(-4)之间。结论乌鲁木齐市城北监测区大气细颗粒物中铝浓度呈上升趋势。铝的地积累指数评价为强-极严重污染。铝的质量浓度与气压、温度等因素有关联。铝的非致癌风险系数低于EPA限值1,处于可接受水平。
[Objective] To understand the content of aluminum in atmospheric fine particles in Urumqi,analyze the present situation of aluminum pollution and its possible harm to human health.[Methods]During the period from 2016 to 2017,the samples of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere were collected with a large flow sampler and the mass concentration of aluminum in the samples was analyzed.[Results]The average mass concentration of aluminum in fine particulate matter WAS172.83 ng/m~3. There was a statistically significant difference in the mass concentration of aluminum between 2016 and 2017 in the monitoring area of the north of Urumqi(P<0.01). The ground accumulation index of aluminum in fine particulate matter was more than 4. The correlation coefficients between the mass concentration of aluminum and the pressure and temperature were0.346 and-0.417 respectively. The non-carcinogenic risk coefficient(HQ) of aluminum in atmospheric fine particles ranged from1.36×10~(-4)-3.62×10~(-4).[Conclusion]The concentration of aluminum in atmospheric fine particles in monitoring area of the north of Urumqi is on the rise.The ground accumulation index of aluminum is evaluated as strong-very serious pollution. The mass concentration of aluminum is related to air pressure,temperature and other factors. The non-carcinogenic risk factor of aluminum is below the EPA limit of 1 and is at an acceptable level.
[Objective] To understand the content of aluminum in atmospheric fine particles in Urumqi,analyze the present situation of aluminum pollution and its possible harm to human health.[Methods]During the period from 2016 to 2017,the samples of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere were collected with a large flow sampler and the mass concentration of aluminum in the samples was analyzed.[Results]The average mass concentration of aluminum in fine particulate matter WAS172.83 ng/m~3. There was a statistically significant difference in the mass concentration of aluminum between 2016 and 2017 in the monitoring area of the north of Urumqi(P<0.01). The ground accumulation index of aluminum in fine particulate matter was more than 4. The correlation coefficients between the mass concentration of aluminum and the pressure and temperature were0.346 and-0.417 respectively. The non-carcinogenic risk coefficient(HQ) of aluminum in atmospheric fine particles ranged from1.36×10~(-4)-3.62×10~(-4).[Conclusion]The concentration of aluminum in atmospheric fine particles in monitoring area of the north of Urumqi is on the rise.The ground accumulation index of aluminum is evaluated as strong-very serious pollution. The mass concentration of aluminum is related to air pressure,temperature and other factors. The non-carcinogenic risk factor of aluminum is below the EPA limit of 1 and is at an acceptable level.
引文
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[2]常淑贞,赵二芳.环境铝污染与人体健康[J].忻州师范学院学报,2012,28(5):3-4.
[3]林海兰,周耀明,于磊,等.ICP-AES法同时测定废水中的铟、铝研究[J].环境科学与管理,2016,41(11):104-106.
[4]段建榜.沉钒废水中铝和钒的分离回收方法研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2016:1-65.
[5]KILLIN LO,STARR JM,SHIUE IJ. Environmental risk factors for dementia:a systematic review[J].BMC Geriatrics,2016,16(1):175.
[6]贺婷婷.浅谈铝与人体健康的关系[J].微量元素与健康,2013,30(2):70-71.
[7]HUIPENG L. Assessing the hazardous risks of vehicle inspection workers’exposure to particulate heavy metals in their work places[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2013,13(1):255-265.
[8]魏复盛,陈静生,吴燕玉,等.中国土壤环境背景值研究[J].环境科学1991,12(4):12-19.
[9]王伟,孔少飞,刘海彪,等.南京市春节前后大气PM2.5中重金属来源及健康风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(7):2186-2195.
[10] WHO. Global environment monitoring systerm-food contamination monitoring and assessment programme(GEMS/Food)[EB/OL].(2010-6-7)[2018-9-15]http://www.who.int/topics/zh/.
[11]环境保护部.中国人群暴露参数手册[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2013.
[12] EPA. Risk assessment guidance for superfund volume I:human health evaluation ma-nual.(Part F,Supplement guidance for inhalation risk assessment Final)[EB/OL].(1989-10-13)[2018-9-15].https://www.epa.gov/pesticides.
[13]江庆庆,周莲,陈曦,等.工业区大气PM2.5中金属元素分布特征及影响因素的分析[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30(9):777-780.
[14]刘仲,于志刚,孙湛,等.2013年济南市采暖季大气细颗粒物污染监测分析[J].环境卫生学杂志,2015,5(6):520-524.
[15]李友平,刘慧芳,周虹,等.成都市PM2.5中有毒重金属污染特征及健康风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(7):2225-2232.
[16]李青,刘思洁,方赤光.食品中铝含量及其危害研究进展[D].食品安全质量检测学报,2016,7(1):14-17.