长江口青草沙水库刀鲚食性转变
|
摘要
采用胃内含物法并结合碳氮稳定同位素分析,探讨长江口青草沙水库刀鲚(Coilianasus)食物组成及其食性转变。基于胃内含物数据的聚类分析表明,刀鲚食物重量百分比(W%)在小个体(<99 mm)、中等个体(100～150 mm)和大个体(>150 mm)间两两差异显著;出现率(F%)和相对重要性指数百分比(IRI%)大个体与其他2个体长组差异显著,后两者无显著差异;数量百分比(N%)各体长组间均无显著差异。以上4种指数综合显示,小个体和大个体刀鲚分别主要摄食浮游动物和虾鱼类,中等大小个体刀鲚主要摄食浮游动物(F%、N%和IRI%占优势)和鱼类(W%占优势);碳氮双稳定同位素混合模型亦表明,虾类和鱼类对大个体刀鲚有较大的食物贡献率。刀鲚的δ~(15)N随体长线性增加,δ~(13)C与体长呈二次多项函数关系,大个体的δ~(15)N[(15.18±0.79)‰]和营养级(TL:3.63±0.23)显著高于中等个体的δ~(15)N[(13.87±0.68)‰]和TL (3.26±0.20)(P<0.01),δ~(13)C差异不显著(P>0.05)。胃内含物法结合稳定同位素分析表明,刀鲚在生长发育中发生了食性转变,转变前后分别以水层和底层生物为主要食物来源,推测其作为优势种对该水库底层和水层食物网的营养耦合起着重要作用。
The dietary composition and its ontogenetic shift of the Japanese grenadier anchovy(Coilia nasus) in the Qingcaosha Reservoir of Shanghai, China were examined using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to complement stomach content analysis. The cluster analysis showed that the gravimetric percentage(W%) differed significantly between small-sized(body length < 99 mm, SS), medium-sized(between 99 mm and 150 mm, MS), and large-sized(>150 mm, LS) anchovy individuals. Occurrence rate(F%) and percent index of relative importance(IRI%) did not differ between SS and MS individuals, which of them were significantly different from those of LS individuals. There was no significant difference in numerical percentage(N%) between the three body length classes. Combining the results of all the four indices, zooplankton was the main dietary source for SS anchovy,and shrimp and fish were the main dietary sources for LS anchovies. For MS anchovy, zooplankton made up the largest proportion of the diet by F%, N%, and IRI%, and fish did so by W%. A dual stable isotope mixing model showed that shrimp and fish made the largest contribution to the diet of the LS anchovy. The δ~(15)N value increased linearly with increasing body length, and δ~(13)C varied as a quadratic polynomial function of body length. The δ~(15)N[(15.18±0.79)‰] and trophic level(TL: 3.63±0.23) of LS anchovy were significantly larger than those of the MS anchovy [δ~(15)N:(13.87±0.68)‰, TL: 3.26±0.20](P<0.01), and δ~(13)C did not differ significantly between the LS and MS classes(P>0.05). Combining the stomach content and stable isotope analysis, an ontogenetic dietary shift was noted from the pelagic zooplankton to benthic organisms as primary carbon sources before and after the diet shift.This indicates the dominant species of anchovy could play an important role in the coupling of the pelagic and benthic food webs of the reservoir.
The dietary composition and its ontogenetic shift of the Japanese grenadier anchovy(Coilia nasus) in the Qingcaosha Reservoir of Shanghai, China were examined using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to complement stomach content analysis. The cluster analysis showed that the gravimetric percentage(W%) differed significantly between small-sized(body length < 99 mm, SS), medium-sized(between 99 mm and 150 mm, MS), and large-sized(>150 mm, LS) anchovy individuals. Occurrence rate(F%) and percent index of relative importance(IRI%) did not differ between SS and MS individuals, which of them were significantly different from those of LS individuals. There was no significant difference in numerical percentage(N%) between the three body length classes. Combining the results of all the four indices, zooplankton was the main dietary source for SS anchovy,and shrimp and fish were the main dietary sources for LS anchovies. For MS anchovy, zooplankton made up the largest proportion of the diet by F%, N%, and IRI%, and fish did so by W%. A dual stable isotope mixing model showed that shrimp and fish made the largest contribution to the diet of the LS anchovy. The δ~(15)N value increased linearly with increasing body length, and δ~(13)C varied as a quadratic polynomial function of body length. The δ~(15)N[(15.18±0.79)‰] and trophic level(TL: 3.63±0.23) of LS anchovy were significantly larger than those of the MS anchovy [δ~(15)N:(13.87±0.68)‰, TL: 3.26±0.20](P<0.01), and δ~(13)C did not differ significantly between the LS and MS classes(P>0.05). Combining the stomach content and stable isotope analysis, an ontogenetic dietary shift was noted from the pelagic zooplankton to benthic organisms as primary carbon sources before and after the diet shift.This indicates the dominant species of anchovy could play an important role in the coupling of the pelagic and benthic food webs of the reservoir.
引文
[1]Li K Y,Wang C Z,Liu Z W,et al.Diurnal feeding rhythm and daily food consumption of big mouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus fingerlings[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2006,21(3):290-293.[李宽意,王春忠,刘正文,等.大口胭脂鱼鱼种的摄食节律和日摄食率[J].大连水产学院学报,2006,21(3):290-293.]
[2]Jiang R J,Zhou Y D,Xue L J,et al.Feeding habits of Trachurus japonicus in the East China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(7):2015-2024.[蒋日进,周永东,薛利建,等.东海竹荚鱼的食性[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):2015-2024.]
[3]Ji W W,Jang Y Z,Ruan W,et al.Stable isotope analysis on the feeding character of representative fishes during spring in central and northern East China Sea and south Yellow Sea[J].Marine Fisheries,2013,35(4):415-422.[纪炜炜,姜亚洲,阮雯,等.基于稳定同位素方法分析东海中北部及黄海南部春季主要鱼类的食性特征[J].海洋渔业,2013,35(4):415-422.]
[4]Rybczynski S M,Walters D M,Fritz K M,et al.Comparing trophic position of stream fishes using stable isotope and gut contents analyses[J].Ecology of Freshwater Fish,2008,17(2):199-206.
[5]Polito M J,Trivelpiece W Z,Karnovsky N J,et al.Integrating stomach content and stable isotope analyses to quantify the diets of Pygoscelid penguins[J].PLoS ONE,2011,6(10):e26642.
[6]Vinson M R,Budy P.Sources of variability and comparability between salmonid stomach contents and isotopic analyses:Study design lessons and recommendations[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2011,68(1):137-151.
[7]Bosley K L,Miller T W,Brodeur R D,et al.Feeding ecology of juvenile rockfishes off Oregon and Washington based on stomach content and stable isotope analyses[J].Marine Biology,2014,161(10):2381-2393.
[8]Dou S Z,Yang J M.Feeding habit and seasonal variation in food content of Cynoglossus semilaevi[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1992,12(4):368-376.[窦硕增,杨纪明.渤海南部半滑舌鳎的食性及摄食的季节性变化[J].生态学报,1992,12(4):368-376.]
[9]Yuan G,Ru H J,Liu X Q.Feeding habits of Pelteobagrus nitidus in Lake Dongting[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2011,35(2):270-275.[袁刚,茹辉军,刘学勤.洞庭湖光泽黄颡鱼食性研究[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(2):270-275.]
[10]Fan Y C,Liu Q G,Hu Z J,et al.Diet of Coilia nasus in Dianshan Lake of Shanghai,China[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2015,24(6):847-854.[凡迎春,刘其根,胡忠军,等.上海淀山湖刀鲚食性研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2015,24(6):847-854.]
[11]Sha Y C,Su G H,Zhang P Y,et al.Diverse dietary strategy of lake anchovy Coilia ectenes taihuensis in lakes with different trophic status[J].Journal of Ichthyology,2015,55(6):866-873.
[12]Grey J.Ontogeny and dietary specialization in brown trout(Salmo trutta L.)from Loch Ness,Scotland,examined using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen[J].Ecology of Freshwater Fish,2001,10(3):168-176.
[13]Xu J,Zhang M,Xie P.Size-related shifts in reliance on benthic and pelagic food webs by lake anchovy[J].Ecoscience,2007,14(2):170-177.
[14]Eloranta A P,Kahilainen K K,Jones R I.Seasonal and ontogenetic shifts in the diet of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus in a subarctic lake[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2010,77(1):80-97.
[15]Li B,Wang Z J,Jin L,et al.Study on diet shift of Erythroulter mongolicus mongolicus with stable isotope technology[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2011,35(9):1419-1425.[李斌,王志坚,金丽,等.蒙古鲌食性转变的稳定同位素研究[J].水产学报,2011,35(9):1419-1425.]
[16]Yasuno N,Fujimoto Y,Shimada T,et al.Ontogenetic dietary shifts of largemouth bass do not increase trophic position in a shallow eutrophic lake in Japan[J].International Journal of Limnology,2016,52(7):355-364.
[17]Zhou X D,Yang J Q,Tang W Q,et al.Species validities analyses of Chinese Coilia fishes based on mt DNA COIbarcoding[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,2010,35(4):819-826.[周晓犊,杨金权,唐文乔,等.基于线粒体COI基因DNA条形码的中国鲚属物种有效性分析[J].动物分类学报,2010,35(4):819-826.]
[18]Guan W B,Chen H H,Ding H T,et al.Reproductive characteristics and conditions of an adromous Coilia ectenes(Engraulidae)in Yangtze Estuary[J].Marine Fisheries,2010,32(1):73-81.[管卫兵,陈辉辉,丁华腾,等.长江口刀鲚洄游群体生殖特征和条件状况研究[J].海洋渔业,2010,32(1):73-81.]
[19]Li X Q,Liu F,Leng C M,et al.Genetic structure and diffusion of population of Coilia ectenes taihuensis in Lake Nansi inferred from the mitochondrial control region[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2015,27(4):686-692.[李秀启,刘峰,冷春梅,等.基于线粒体DNA控制区的南四湖湖鲚(Coilia ectenes taihuensis)群体遗传结构和种群扩散[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(4):686-692.]
[20]Wang S,Fang C L,Zhou H M,et al.Changes in the fishing season and daily catch of Coilia ectenes in Poyang Lake[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2017,38(6):82-87.[王生,方春林,周辉明,等.鄱阳湖刀鲚的渔汛特征及渔获物分析[J].水生态学杂志,2017,38(6):82-87.]
[21]Liu E S,Bao C H,Wu L K,et al.Comparison of food composition and analysis on mutual effects between Neosalanx tangkahkeii taihuensis Chen and Coilia ecten taihuensis Yen et Lin in Lake Taihu[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2007,19(1):103-110.[刘恩生,鲍传和,吴林坤,等.太湖新银鱼、鲚鱼的食性比较及相互影响分析[J].湖泊科学,2007,19(1):103-110.]
[22]Ye J L,Liu Z W,Wang W M.Comparative study on the feeding habits of Coilia ectenes and Hyporhamphus intermedius in the Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihuy[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2007,19(2):218-222.[叶佳林,刘正文,王卫民.太湖梅梁湾刀鲚与间下鱵食性的比较[J].湖泊科学,2007,19(2):218-222.]
[23]Bao C H,Liu E S,Wu C J,et al.Preliminary analysis of diet composition of Coilia ectenes and changes of its catches in Lake Chaohu[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2008,38(6):19-22.[鲍传和,刘恩生,伍昌俊,等.巢湖刀鲚食物组成及渔获量变化的初步分析[J].淡水渔业,2008,38(6):19-22.]
[24]Xu G C,Xu P,Gu R B,et al.Feeding habits and growth characteristics of pond-cultured Coilia nasus fingerlings[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(9):2014-2018.[徐钢春,徐跑,顾若波,等.池养刀鲚(Coilia nasus)鱼种的摄食与生长[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(9):2014-2018.]
[25]Zhou D Y.Feeding habits studies of Coilia ectenes in Taihu Lake:Stomach contents and stable isotope analysis[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2011.[周德勇.太湖梅梁湾梅鲚的食性研究:胃内含物和稳定同位素分析[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2011.]
[26]Hu Z J,Wu H,Chen L Q,et al.Structure of fish assemblages before drinking-water supplies in Qingcaosha Reservoir of Yangtze River Estuary[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(8):1234-1241.[胡忠军,吴昊,陈立侨,等.长江口青草沙水库正式供水前的鱼类群落结构特征[J].水产学报,2012,36(8):1234-1241.]
[27]Xu J,Yang Q,Zhang M,et al.Preservation effects on stable isotope ratios and consequences for the reconstruction of energetic pathways[J].Aquatic Ecology,2011,45(4):483-492.
[28]Zhang H,Yu X B,Wang Y Y,et al.The importance of terrestrial carbon in supporting molluscs in the wetlands of Poyang Lake[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2017,35(4):825-832.
[29]Liu S H,Xu Z L.Comparison of zooplankton lists between Coilia mystus food contents and collections from the Yangtze River Estuary and Hangzhou Bay[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(8):2263-2271.[刘守海,徐兆礼.长江口和杭州湾凤鲚胃含物与海洋浮游动物的种类组成比较[J].生态学报,2011,31(8):2263-2271.]
[30]He Z T,Xue L J,Jin H W.On feeding habits and trophic level of Collichthys lucidus in inshore waters of northern East China Sea[J].Marine Fisheries,2011,33(3):265-273.[贺舟挺,薛利建,金海卫.东海北部近海棘头梅童鱼食性及营养级的探讨[J].海洋渔业,2011,33(3):265-273.]
[31]Thackeray S J,Grey J,Jones R I.Feeding selectivity of brown trout(Salmo trutta)in Loch Ness,Scotland[J].Freshwater Forum,2000,13(5):47-59.
[32]Dou S Z.Feeding ecology of fish-A critical review on theories,methods and their application[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1996,27(5):556-561.[窦硕增.鱼类摄食生态研究的理论及方法[J].海洋与湖沼,1996,27(5):556-561.]
[33]Wang Y,Xu D P,Wang X L,et al.Feeding differences of silver carp and bighead carp in the northern part of Taihu Lake:based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis[J].Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2017,32(5):597-602.[王媛,徐东坡,王小林,等.基于碳氮稳定同位素技术探究太湖北部湖区鲢、鳙食性差异[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(5):597-602.]
[34]Vinson M R,Baker M A.Poor growth of rainbow trout fed New Zealand mud snails Potamopyrgus antipodarum[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2008,28(3):701-709.
[35]Xu J,Xie P,Zhang M,et al.Variation in stable isotope signatures of seston and a zooplanktivorous fish in a eutrophic Chinese lake[J].Hydrobiologia,2005,541(1):215-220.
[36]Wang S X,Gao C X,Tian S Q,et al.Community composition and diversity of pelagic fishes in Qingcaosha Reservoir[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2014,23(4):594-601.[王绍祥,高春霞,田思泉,等.青草沙水库中上层鱼类群落组成及多样性分析[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(4):594-601.]
[37]Li Y L,Wu H,Liu Q G,et al.Catch composition of monofilament gillnet netting with different mesh sizes in Qingcaosha Reservoir,Shanghai,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(8):2518-2524.[李亚雷,吴昊,刘其根,等.单层刺网不同网目渔获组成--以上海青草沙水库为例[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(8):2518-2524.]
[2]Jiang R J,Zhou Y D,Xue L J,et al.Feeding habits of Trachurus japonicus in the East China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(7):2015-2024.[蒋日进,周永东,薛利建,等.东海竹荚鱼的食性[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):2015-2024.]
[3]Ji W W,Jang Y Z,Ruan W,et al.Stable isotope analysis on the feeding character of representative fishes during spring in central and northern East China Sea and south Yellow Sea[J].Marine Fisheries,2013,35(4):415-422.[纪炜炜,姜亚洲,阮雯,等.基于稳定同位素方法分析东海中北部及黄海南部春季主要鱼类的食性特征[J].海洋渔业,2013,35(4):415-422.]
[4]Rybczynski S M,Walters D M,Fritz K M,et al.Comparing trophic position of stream fishes using stable isotope and gut contents analyses[J].Ecology of Freshwater Fish,2008,17(2):199-206.
[5]Polito M J,Trivelpiece W Z,Karnovsky N J,et al.Integrating stomach content and stable isotope analyses to quantify the diets of Pygoscelid penguins[J].PLoS ONE,2011,6(10):e26642.
[6]Vinson M R,Budy P.Sources of variability and comparability between salmonid stomach contents and isotopic analyses:Study design lessons and recommendations[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2011,68(1):137-151.
[7]Bosley K L,Miller T W,Brodeur R D,et al.Feeding ecology of juvenile rockfishes off Oregon and Washington based on stomach content and stable isotope analyses[J].Marine Biology,2014,161(10):2381-2393.
[8]Dou S Z,Yang J M.Feeding habit and seasonal variation in food content of Cynoglossus semilaevi[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1992,12(4):368-376.[窦硕增,杨纪明.渤海南部半滑舌鳎的食性及摄食的季节性变化[J].生态学报,1992,12(4):368-376.]
[9]Yuan G,Ru H J,Liu X Q.Feeding habits of Pelteobagrus nitidus in Lake Dongting[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2011,35(2):270-275.[袁刚,茹辉军,刘学勤.洞庭湖光泽黄颡鱼食性研究[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(2):270-275.]
[10]Fan Y C,Liu Q G,Hu Z J,et al.Diet of Coilia nasus in Dianshan Lake of Shanghai,China[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2015,24(6):847-854.[凡迎春,刘其根,胡忠军,等.上海淀山湖刀鲚食性研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2015,24(6):847-854.]
[11]Sha Y C,Su G H,Zhang P Y,et al.Diverse dietary strategy of lake anchovy Coilia ectenes taihuensis in lakes with different trophic status[J].Journal of Ichthyology,2015,55(6):866-873.
[12]Grey J.Ontogeny and dietary specialization in brown trout(Salmo trutta L.)from Loch Ness,Scotland,examined using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen[J].Ecology of Freshwater Fish,2001,10(3):168-176.
[13]Xu J,Zhang M,Xie P.Size-related shifts in reliance on benthic and pelagic food webs by lake anchovy[J].Ecoscience,2007,14(2):170-177.
[14]Eloranta A P,Kahilainen K K,Jones R I.Seasonal and ontogenetic shifts in the diet of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus in a subarctic lake[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2010,77(1):80-97.
[15]Li B,Wang Z J,Jin L,et al.Study on diet shift of Erythroulter mongolicus mongolicus with stable isotope technology[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2011,35(9):1419-1425.[李斌,王志坚,金丽,等.蒙古鲌食性转变的稳定同位素研究[J].水产学报,2011,35(9):1419-1425.]
[16]Yasuno N,Fujimoto Y,Shimada T,et al.Ontogenetic dietary shifts of largemouth bass do not increase trophic position in a shallow eutrophic lake in Japan[J].International Journal of Limnology,2016,52(7):355-364.
[17]Zhou X D,Yang J Q,Tang W Q,et al.Species validities analyses of Chinese Coilia fishes based on mt DNA COIbarcoding[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,2010,35(4):819-826.[周晓犊,杨金权,唐文乔,等.基于线粒体COI基因DNA条形码的中国鲚属物种有效性分析[J].动物分类学报,2010,35(4):819-826.]
[18]Guan W B,Chen H H,Ding H T,et al.Reproductive characteristics and conditions of an adromous Coilia ectenes(Engraulidae)in Yangtze Estuary[J].Marine Fisheries,2010,32(1):73-81.[管卫兵,陈辉辉,丁华腾,等.长江口刀鲚洄游群体生殖特征和条件状况研究[J].海洋渔业,2010,32(1):73-81.]
[19]Li X Q,Liu F,Leng C M,et al.Genetic structure and diffusion of population of Coilia ectenes taihuensis in Lake Nansi inferred from the mitochondrial control region[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2015,27(4):686-692.[李秀启,刘峰,冷春梅,等.基于线粒体DNA控制区的南四湖湖鲚(Coilia ectenes taihuensis)群体遗传结构和种群扩散[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(4):686-692.]
[20]Wang S,Fang C L,Zhou H M,et al.Changes in the fishing season and daily catch of Coilia ectenes in Poyang Lake[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2017,38(6):82-87.[王生,方春林,周辉明,等.鄱阳湖刀鲚的渔汛特征及渔获物分析[J].水生态学杂志,2017,38(6):82-87.]
[21]Liu E S,Bao C H,Wu L K,et al.Comparison of food composition and analysis on mutual effects between Neosalanx tangkahkeii taihuensis Chen and Coilia ecten taihuensis Yen et Lin in Lake Taihu[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2007,19(1):103-110.[刘恩生,鲍传和,吴林坤,等.太湖新银鱼、鲚鱼的食性比较及相互影响分析[J].湖泊科学,2007,19(1):103-110.]
[22]Ye J L,Liu Z W,Wang W M.Comparative study on the feeding habits of Coilia ectenes and Hyporhamphus intermedius in the Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihuy[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2007,19(2):218-222.[叶佳林,刘正文,王卫民.太湖梅梁湾刀鲚与间下鱵食性的比较[J].湖泊科学,2007,19(2):218-222.]
[23]Bao C H,Liu E S,Wu C J,et al.Preliminary analysis of diet composition of Coilia ectenes and changes of its catches in Lake Chaohu[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2008,38(6):19-22.[鲍传和,刘恩生,伍昌俊,等.巢湖刀鲚食物组成及渔获量变化的初步分析[J].淡水渔业,2008,38(6):19-22.]
[24]Xu G C,Xu P,Gu R B,et al.Feeding habits and growth characteristics of pond-cultured Coilia nasus fingerlings[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(9):2014-2018.[徐钢春,徐跑,顾若波,等.池养刀鲚(Coilia nasus)鱼种的摄食与生长[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(9):2014-2018.]
[25]Zhou D Y.Feeding habits studies of Coilia ectenes in Taihu Lake:Stomach contents and stable isotope analysis[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2011.[周德勇.太湖梅梁湾梅鲚的食性研究:胃内含物和稳定同位素分析[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2011.]
[26]Hu Z J,Wu H,Chen L Q,et al.Structure of fish assemblages before drinking-water supplies in Qingcaosha Reservoir of Yangtze River Estuary[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(8):1234-1241.[胡忠军,吴昊,陈立侨,等.长江口青草沙水库正式供水前的鱼类群落结构特征[J].水产学报,2012,36(8):1234-1241.]
[27]Xu J,Yang Q,Zhang M,et al.Preservation effects on stable isotope ratios and consequences for the reconstruction of energetic pathways[J].Aquatic Ecology,2011,45(4):483-492.
[28]Zhang H,Yu X B,Wang Y Y,et al.The importance of terrestrial carbon in supporting molluscs in the wetlands of Poyang Lake[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2017,35(4):825-832.
[29]Liu S H,Xu Z L.Comparison of zooplankton lists between Coilia mystus food contents and collections from the Yangtze River Estuary and Hangzhou Bay[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(8):2263-2271.[刘守海,徐兆礼.长江口和杭州湾凤鲚胃含物与海洋浮游动物的种类组成比较[J].生态学报,2011,31(8):2263-2271.]
[30]He Z T,Xue L J,Jin H W.On feeding habits and trophic level of Collichthys lucidus in inshore waters of northern East China Sea[J].Marine Fisheries,2011,33(3):265-273.[贺舟挺,薛利建,金海卫.东海北部近海棘头梅童鱼食性及营养级的探讨[J].海洋渔业,2011,33(3):265-273.]
[31]Thackeray S J,Grey J,Jones R I.Feeding selectivity of brown trout(Salmo trutta)in Loch Ness,Scotland[J].Freshwater Forum,2000,13(5):47-59.
[32]Dou S Z.Feeding ecology of fish-A critical review on theories,methods and their application[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1996,27(5):556-561.[窦硕增.鱼类摄食生态研究的理论及方法[J].海洋与湖沼,1996,27(5):556-561.]
[33]Wang Y,Xu D P,Wang X L,et al.Feeding differences of silver carp and bighead carp in the northern part of Taihu Lake:based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis[J].Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2017,32(5):597-602.[王媛,徐东坡,王小林,等.基于碳氮稳定同位素技术探究太湖北部湖区鲢、鳙食性差异[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(5):597-602.]
[34]Vinson M R,Baker M A.Poor growth of rainbow trout fed New Zealand mud snails Potamopyrgus antipodarum[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2008,28(3):701-709.
[35]Xu J,Xie P,Zhang M,et al.Variation in stable isotope signatures of seston and a zooplanktivorous fish in a eutrophic Chinese lake[J].Hydrobiologia,2005,541(1):215-220.
[36]Wang S X,Gao C X,Tian S Q,et al.Community composition and diversity of pelagic fishes in Qingcaosha Reservoir[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2014,23(4):594-601.[王绍祥,高春霞,田思泉,等.青草沙水库中上层鱼类群落组成及多样性分析[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(4):594-601.]
[37]Li Y L,Wu H,Liu Q G,et al.Catch composition of monofilament gillnet netting with different mesh sizes in Qingcaosha Reservoir,Shanghai,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(8):2518-2524.[李亚雷,吴昊,刘其根,等.单层刺网不同网目渔获组成--以上海青草沙水库为例[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(8):2518-2524.]