洪泽湖河蚬种群生长方程估算及其应用
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摘要
2015年4月(春季)、8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)和2016年2月(冬季),对洪泽湖河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)进行了采样调查,共设置30个样点,从各采样点分别随机选取30个河蚬,记录不同壳长、壳宽、壳高和体重的河蚬数量,计算其年龄组成和分布频率,并统计不同壳长组的年龄分布情况,以期为其资源的合理利用与保护提供参考依据。结果显示,形态指标和体重呈现显著的季节变化;壳长、壳宽、壳高、体重和年龄范围分别为1.47~40.82 mm、3.93~27.81 mm、8.46~37.40 mm、0.43~20.56 g和1~5龄,壳长、壳宽、壳高、体重和年龄的优势组分别为15~35 mm(92.6%)、12~20 mm(83.2%)、15~31 mm(88.8%)、2~10 g(79.6%)和2~3龄(76.50%);其相对增长率和生长指标随年龄的增加逐渐降低;壳长-体重关系式为W=1.5×10~(-3)L~(2.5795)(R~2=0.900),Von Bertalanffy壳长和体重生长方程分别为L_t=39.42×[1-e~(-0.33(t+0.6))]和W_t=22.574×[1-e~(-0.33(t+0.6))]~3;拐点年龄为2.73龄,对应的体重和壳长分别为6.69 g和26.28 mm。分析表明,洪泽湖有适宜河蚬生长的环境条件,且秋季为最佳捕捞季节;年龄与壳长和体重显著正相关,可以通过河蚬的壳长和体重来估测其年龄;其生长可分为3个阶段,1~2龄为快速生长期,2~3龄为稳定期,3~5龄为衰老期。建议将拐点年龄所对应的壳长26.28 mm作为洪泽湖河蚬开捕壳长。
To provide a reference for rational utilization and protection of Corbicula fluminea in Hongze Lake,the morphological traits,age structure,growth indices and relative growth rate of C. fluminea in Hongze Lake were analyzed based on an investigation of the C. fluminea population in April( spring),August( summer),November( autumn) of 2015,and February( winter) of 2016. The growth condition of C. fluminea in Hongze Lake was evaluated using growth curve fitting from which growth equations were developed. The investigation was carried out at 30 sampling sites and 30 C. fluminea specimens were collected from each site. The shell length,shell width,shell height( ± 0. 10 mm) and wet weight( ± 0. 10 g) of all 900 individuals were measured and ages determined. The specimens were sorted according to shell length,shell width,shell height,wet weight and age. The overall age-frequency distribution and the number and age distribution in different shell length groups was recorded. The morphological parameters and weight of C. fluminea varied significantly with season. The full range and dominant group by shell length,shell width,shell height,wet weight and age were,respectively,1. 47-40. 82 mm( 92. 6%,15-35 mm),3. 93-27. 81 mm( 83. 2%,12-20 mm),8. 46-37. 40 mm( 88. 8%,15-31 mm),0. 43-20. 56 g( 79. 6%,2-10 g) and 1-5 year( 76. 5%,2-3 year). The relative growth rate and growth indices decreased with age. The shell length-wet weight relationship was expressed as: W = 1. 5 × 10~(-3)L~(2. 5795)( R~2= 0. 900),and the relationship between shell length( L_t) and age( t),and wet weight( Wt) and age were described by Von Bertalanffy equations: L_t= 39. 42 ×[1-e~(-0. 33( t + 0. 6))]and W_t= 22. 574 ×[1-e~(-0. 33( t + 0. 6))]~3. The growth inflection point for C. fluminea occurred at age 2. 73 yr,at a shell length of 26. 28 mm and wet weight of 6. 69 g. Our study indicates that the environment in Hongze Lake is suitable for the growth of C. fluminea and autumn is the best season for harvesting. There is a significant positive correlation of shell length and wet weight with age,so either can be used to estimate age. The growth of C. fluminea in Hongze Lake can be divided into three stages: rapid growth,1-2 years; stabilization,2-3 years; and senescence,3-5 years. The optimum catchable size of C. fluminea in Hongze Lake is at shell length 26. 28 mm,the approximate growth inflexion age.
To provide a reference for rational utilization and protection of Corbicula fluminea in Hongze Lake,the morphological traits,age structure,growth indices and relative growth rate of C. fluminea in Hongze Lake were analyzed based on an investigation of the C. fluminea population in April( spring),August( summer),November( autumn) of 2015,and February( winter) of 2016. The growth condition of C. fluminea in Hongze Lake was evaluated using growth curve fitting from which growth equations were developed. The investigation was carried out at 30 sampling sites and 30 C. fluminea specimens were collected from each site. The shell length,shell width,shell height( ± 0. 10 mm) and wet weight( ± 0. 10 g) of all 900 individuals were measured and ages determined. The specimens were sorted according to shell length,shell width,shell height,wet weight and age. The overall age-frequency distribution and the number and age distribution in different shell length groups was recorded. The morphological parameters and weight of C. fluminea varied significantly with season. The full range and dominant group by shell length,shell width,shell height,wet weight and age were,respectively,1. 47-40. 82 mm( 92. 6%,15-35 mm),3. 93-27. 81 mm( 83. 2%,12-20 mm),8. 46-37. 40 mm( 88. 8%,15-31 mm),0. 43-20. 56 g( 79. 6%,2-10 g) and 1-5 year( 76. 5%,2-3 year). The relative growth rate and growth indices decreased with age. The shell length-wet weight relationship was expressed as: W = 1. 5 × 10~(-3)L~(2. 5795)( R~2= 0. 900),and the relationship between shell length( L_t) and age( t),and wet weight( Wt) and age were described by Von Bertalanffy equations: L_t= 39. 42 ×[1-e~(-0. 33( t + 0. 6))]and W_t= 22. 574 ×[1-e~(-0. 33( t + 0. 6))]~3. The growth inflection point for C. fluminea occurred at age 2. 73 yr,at a shell length of 26. 28 mm and wet weight of 6. 69 g. Our study indicates that the environment in Hongze Lake is suitable for the growth of C. fluminea and autumn is the best season for harvesting. There is a significant positive correlation of shell length and wet weight with age,so either can be used to estimate age. The growth of C. fluminea in Hongze Lake can be divided into three stages: rapid growth,1-2 years; stabilization,2-3 years; and senescence,3-5 years. The optimum catchable size of C. fluminea in Hongze Lake is at shell length 26. 28 mm,the approximate growth inflexion age.
引文
毕婷婷,侯刚,张胜宇,等,2014.基于壳长频率分析的洪泽湖河蚬渔获物年龄结构、生长与死亡参数估计[J].水生生物学报,38(4):797-800.
蔡炜,蔡永久,龚志军,等,2010.太湖河蚬时空格局[J].湖泊科学,22(5):714-722.
蔡英亚,张英,魏若飞,1995.贝类学概论[M].上海:科学技术出版社:193-194.
蔡英亚,张云飞,1963.河蚬的养殖[J].集美水产专科学校学报,(1):10-25.
陈大刚,1997.渔业资源生物学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.
陈彦,戴小杰,田思泉,等,2013.上海淀山湖内河蚬的分布与种群生长的初步研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,22(1):81-87.
丁怀宇,姜虎成,冯建彬,等,2011.河蚬微卫星引物筛选及洪泽湖野生群体遗传结构分析[J].水产学报,35(11):1624-1632.
景金柱,崔哲,张秀梅,等,2009.河蚬提取物对小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用[J].中国药业,18(1):6-7.
孔宁,2012.长牡蛎生长性状遗传参数估测及生长模型的建立[D].青岛:中国海洋大学.
李大命,张彤晴,唐晟凯,等,2015.洪泽湖野生河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)线粒体CO I基因序列的遗传多样性分析[J].渔业科学进展,36(5):81-86.
刘晶晶,徐云婕,韩曜平,等,2014.洪泽湖野生河蚬营养成分的分析与评价[J].食品工业科技,35(15):360-364.
刘敏,熊邦喜,2008.河蚬的生态习性及其对重金属的富集作用[J].安徽农业科学,36(1):221-224.
刘月英,张文珍,王跃先,等,1979.中国经济动物志:淡水软体动物[M].北京:科学出版社:119-123.
楼宝,2000.太平洋牡蛎生长特性研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),19(3):303-306.
潘洪超,欧阳珊,黄鹏,等,2011.军山湖河蚬的种群动态及生产量研究[J].环境科学与管理,36(3):102-105.
王庆志,常亚青,2010.大洋河河蚬的繁殖生物学研究[J].大连水产学院学报,25(1):8-13.
王宇,刘东红,2010.河蚬功能性成分的研究现状与展望[J].食品与发酵工业,(6):122-124.
吴小平,1986.河蚬和江蚬的种群生态学研究[A].贝类学论文集[C].北京:科学出版社.
徐信,钱玲妹,张兰,等,1987.淀山湖河蚬繁殖周期和增殖研究[J].水产学报,11(2):135-41.
严维辉,潘元潮,郝忱,等,2007.洪泽湖底栖生物调查报告[J].水利渔业,27(3):65-66.
殷名称,1993.太湖刺鳊年龄和生长的研究[J].生态学报,3(1):38-44.
袁永浒,王兴元,陈安来,等,1994.洪泽湖螺蚬资源调查报告[J].水产养殖,(6):15-16.
詹秉义,1995.渔业资源评估[M].北京:中国农业出版社:18-48.
张磊,何红梅,景金柱,2008.河蚬提取物对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用[J].齐鲁药事,(6):365-367.
周摇会,2011.中国主要流域河蚬[Corbicula fluminea(Müller,1774)]形态及其对环境的适应性[J].生态学杂志,30(7):1497-1503.
祝雯,林志铿,吴祖建,等,2004.河蚬中活性蛋白CFp-a的分离纯化及其活性[J].中国水产科学,11(4):349-353.
Allen K R,1966.A method of fitting growth curves of the von Bertalanffy type to observed data[J].Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada,23(2):163-179.
Britton J C,Morton B,1982.A dissection guide,field and laboratory manual for the introduced bivalve Corbicula fluminea[J].Malacological Review,3(S1):1-82.
Fuiman L A,Gage J D,Lamont P A,1999.Shell morphometry of the deep sea protobranch bivalve Ledella pustulosa in the Rockall Trough,north-east Atlantic[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK,79(4):661-671.
Hornbach D J,1992.Life history traits of a riverine population of the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea[J].American Midland Naturalist,127(2):248-257.
Morton B,1977.The occurrence of inflammatory granulomas in the ctenidialmarsupium of Corbicula fluminea(mollusca:Bivalvia):A consequence of larval incubation[J].Journa of Invertebrate Pathology,30(1):5-14.
Mouthon J,2001.Life cycle and population dynamics of the A-sian clam Corbicula fluminea(Bivalvia:Corbiculidae)in the Saone River at Lyon(France)[J].Hydrobiologia,452(1/3):109-119.
Ricker W E,1973.Linear regressions in fishery research[J].Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada,30(3):409-434.
蔡炜,蔡永久,龚志军,等,2010.太湖河蚬时空格局[J].湖泊科学,22(5):714-722.
蔡英亚,张英,魏若飞,1995.贝类学概论[M].上海:科学技术出版社:193-194.
蔡英亚,张云飞,1963.河蚬的养殖[J].集美水产专科学校学报,(1):10-25.
陈大刚,1997.渔业资源生物学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.
陈彦,戴小杰,田思泉,等,2013.上海淀山湖内河蚬的分布与种群生长的初步研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,22(1):81-87.
丁怀宇,姜虎成,冯建彬,等,2011.河蚬微卫星引物筛选及洪泽湖野生群体遗传结构分析[J].水产学报,35(11):1624-1632.
景金柱,崔哲,张秀梅,等,2009.河蚬提取物对小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用[J].中国药业,18(1):6-7.
孔宁,2012.长牡蛎生长性状遗传参数估测及生长模型的建立[D].青岛:中国海洋大学.
李大命,张彤晴,唐晟凯,等,2015.洪泽湖野生河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)线粒体CO I基因序列的遗传多样性分析[J].渔业科学进展,36(5):81-86.
刘晶晶,徐云婕,韩曜平,等,2014.洪泽湖野生河蚬营养成分的分析与评价[J].食品工业科技,35(15):360-364.
刘敏,熊邦喜,2008.河蚬的生态习性及其对重金属的富集作用[J].安徽农业科学,36(1):221-224.
刘月英,张文珍,王跃先,等,1979.中国经济动物志:淡水软体动物[M].北京:科学出版社:119-123.
楼宝,2000.太平洋牡蛎生长特性研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),19(3):303-306.
潘洪超,欧阳珊,黄鹏,等,2011.军山湖河蚬的种群动态及生产量研究[J].环境科学与管理,36(3):102-105.
王庆志,常亚青,2010.大洋河河蚬的繁殖生物学研究[J].大连水产学院学报,25(1):8-13.
王宇,刘东红,2010.河蚬功能性成分的研究现状与展望[J].食品与发酵工业,(6):122-124.
吴小平,1986.河蚬和江蚬的种群生态学研究[A].贝类学论文集[C].北京:科学出版社.
徐信,钱玲妹,张兰,等,1987.淀山湖河蚬繁殖周期和增殖研究[J].水产学报,11(2):135-41.
严维辉,潘元潮,郝忱,等,2007.洪泽湖底栖生物调查报告[J].水利渔业,27(3):65-66.
殷名称,1993.太湖刺鳊年龄和生长的研究[J].生态学报,3(1):38-44.
袁永浒,王兴元,陈安来,等,1994.洪泽湖螺蚬资源调查报告[J].水产养殖,(6):15-16.
詹秉义,1995.渔业资源评估[M].北京:中国农业出版社:18-48.
张磊,何红梅,景金柱,2008.河蚬提取物对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用[J].齐鲁药事,(6):365-367.
周摇会,2011.中国主要流域河蚬[Corbicula fluminea(Müller,1774)]形态及其对环境的适应性[J].生态学杂志,30(7):1497-1503.
祝雯,林志铿,吴祖建,等,2004.河蚬中活性蛋白CFp-a的分离纯化及其活性[J].中国水产科学,11(4):349-353.
Allen K R,1966.A method of fitting growth curves of the von Bertalanffy type to observed data[J].Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada,23(2):163-179.
Britton J C,Morton B,1982.A dissection guide,field and laboratory manual for the introduced bivalve Corbicula fluminea[J].Malacological Review,3(S1):1-82.
Fuiman L A,Gage J D,Lamont P A,1999.Shell morphometry of the deep sea protobranch bivalve Ledella pustulosa in the Rockall Trough,north-east Atlantic[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK,79(4):661-671.
Hornbach D J,1992.Life history traits of a riverine population of the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea[J].American Midland Naturalist,127(2):248-257.
Morton B,1977.The occurrence of inflammatory granulomas in the ctenidialmarsupium of Corbicula fluminea(mollusca:Bivalvia):A consequence of larval incubation[J].Journa of Invertebrate Pathology,30(1):5-14.
Mouthon J,2001.Life cycle and population dynamics of the A-sian clam Corbicula fluminea(Bivalvia:Corbiculidae)in the Saone River at Lyon(France)[J].Hydrobiologia,452(1/3):109-119.
Ricker W E,1973.Linear regressions in fishery research[J].Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada,30(3):409-434.