能源终端消费行为选择:环境关心的柔性驱动
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摘要
削减碳排放、打造"绿水青山",成为雾霾时代共同愿景。当居民能源消费成为继工业部门之后的第二大能耗主体,公众能否做出理性的行为选择,至关重要。本研究通过理论分析及文献梳理,构建能源终端消费理论框架,并运用扎根理论,揭示行为选择的环境关心特质。进一步,在节能环保设施可获性、节能技术成熟度等情境因素调节下,基于行为选择脉络结构,采用结构方程,检验环境关心相关主范畴对能源终端消费行为柔性驱动的影响显著性。研究证实:(1)存在于区域特征、家庭特征以及个体特征中的9类要素对公众环境关心形成产生影响;(2)情境因素调节下,环境关心对能源终端消费选择具有不同的驱动力;(3)构建生态文化、营造"激励性"企业节能技术创新主体地位、强化"后物质主义"消费价值观、增强能源终端消费经济效应感知,有助于环境关心驱动力转化,实现公众能源选择过程中经济利益追求与社会生态利益的一致性。
The reduction of carbon emissions has been a common vision for the whole world.When the public use much more energy to satisfy their daily life, household energy consumption has become the second largest part in our country. In order to lower down the total carbon emission of China and make a better place to live, it is very important to help the public making rational lowcarbon behavior choices. With theoretical analysis and literature review, the article constructed a theoretical framework for the public energy consumption. The results showed that, as the major environmental awareness, the environmental concern quality had deep inner connections with residents' energy saving behaviors. By using the Grounded theory, from the face to face interviews of 41 interviewees, with the open coding and axis coding technology, the research revealed main factors influencing the formation of environmental concern quality. Further, authors used structural equation to test the influence significance between such major factors and the public energy saving behaviors. From putting forward 6 main hypotheses and building up 3 structural equation models,the article wiped out the wrong hypotheses and calculated each path coefficient. Based on the analysis, there were three conclusions. The first, there were 9 elements, economic development,geographical conditions, household income, the number of family member, education level, age,job type, gender and ecological behavior awareness, affecting the level of environmental concern.The second, the maturity of ecological technology and the convenience of ecological facilities could adjust the driving force of environmental concern for the residents' energy saving behaviors.The third, shaping the ecological culture, promoting the eco-technological innovation, establishing the post-materialist consumption values and lifting the economic rewarding of energy saving behaviors would contribute to the green energy terminal consumption.
The reduction of carbon emissions has been a common vision for the whole world.When the public use much more energy to satisfy their daily life, household energy consumption has become the second largest part in our country. In order to lower down the total carbon emission of China and make a better place to live, it is very important to help the public making rational lowcarbon behavior choices. With theoretical analysis and literature review, the article constructed a theoretical framework for the public energy consumption. The results showed that, as the major environmental awareness, the environmental concern quality had deep inner connections with residents' energy saving behaviors. By using the Grounded theory, from the face to face interviews of 41 interviewees, with the open coding and axis coding technology, the research revealed main factors influencing the formation of environmental concern quality. Further, authors used structural equation to test the influence significance between such major factors and the public energy saving behaviors. From putting forward 6 main hypotheses and building up 3 structural equation models,the article wiped out the wrong hypotheses and calculated each path coefficient. Based on the analysis, there were three conclusions. The first, there were 9 elements, economic development,geographical conditions, household income, the number of family member, education level, age,job type, gender and ecological behavior awareness, affecting the level of environmental concern.The second, the maturity of ecological technology and the convenience of ecological facilities could adjust the driving force of environmental concern for the residents' energy saving behaviors.The third, shaping the ecological culture, promoting the eco-technological innovation, establishing the post-materialist consumption values and lifting the economic rewarding of energy saving behaviors would contribute to the green energy terminal consumption.
引文
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[25]佟新,刘爱玉.城镇双职工家庭夫妻合作型家务劳动模式--基于2010年中国第三期妇女地位调查[J].中国社会科学,2015(6):96-111.[Tong X,Liu A Y.A model of conjugal cooperation in housework for urban dual-career couples--based on the third survey of women's status in China[J].Social Sciences in China,2015(6):96-111.]
[26]王炎,赵红,吕朋悦.网络卷入对青年消费者网络冲动性购买行为影响研究[J].数学的实践与认识,2015,45(20):76-87.[Wang Y,Zhao H,Lv P Y.The research on influences of internet involvement on online impulse buying of young consumers[J].Mathematics in Practice&Theory,2015,45(20):76-87.]
[27]Ajzen I,Madden T J.Prediction of goal-directed behavior:attitudes,intentions,and perceived behavioral control[J].Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,1986,22(5):453-474.
[28]倪琳,成金华,李小帆.中国生态消费发展指数测度研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(3):1-11.[Ni L,Cheng J H,Li XF.Research on measurement of ecological consumption development index in china[J].China Population Resources&Environment,2015,25(3):1-11.]
[2]王建明,王俊豪.公众低碳消费模式的影响因素模型与政府管制政策[J].管理世界,2011(4):58-68.[Wang J M,Wang J H.Influence actors of the public low-carbon consumption[J].Management World,2011(4):58-68.]
[3]Dunlap R.E.,Michelson W.Handbook of environmental society[M].Westport:Greenwood Press,2002.
[4]Ajzen I,Fishbein M.Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior[M].New Jersey:Prentice Hall,1980.
[5]Stern P C,Dietz T,Abel T,et al.A value-belief-norm theory of support for social movements:the case of environmentalism[J].Human Ecology Review,1999,6(2):81-97.
[6]Ajzen I.The theory of planned behavior[J].Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1991,50(2):179-211.
[7]Liobikien?G,Mandravickait?J,Bernatonien?J.Theory of planned behavior approach to understand the green purchasing behavior in the EU:across-cultural study[J].Ecological Economics,2016,125:38-46.
[8]Diekmann A,Franzen A.The wealth of nations and environmental concern[J].Environment&Behavior,1999,31(4):540-549.
[9]Tsuda K,Uwasu M,Hara K,et al.Approaches to induce behavioral changes with respect to electricity consumption[J].Journal of Environmental Studies&Sciences,2016,7(1):1-9.411
[10]Pothitou M,Hanna R F,Chalvatzis K J.Environmental knowledge,pro-environmental behavior and energy savings in households:an empirical study[J].Applied Energy,2016(184):1217-1229.
[11]王建明,吴龙昌.亲环境行为研究中情感的类别、维度及其作用机理[J].心理科学进展,2015,23(12):2153-2166.[Wang J M,Wu L C.The categories,dimensions and mechanisms of emotions in the studies of pro-environmental behavior[J].Advances in Psychological Science,2015,23(12):2153-2166.]
[12]Fransson N,Garling T.Environmental concern:conceptual definitions,measurement methods,and research findings[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,1999,19(4):369-382.
[13]史亚东.公众环境关心指数编制及其影响因素--以北京市为例[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2018,20(5):46-53.[Shi Y D.Analysis on the formulation of public environmental concern index and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology.2018,20(5):46-53.]
[14]Bell K.Bread and roses:a gender perspective on environmental justice and public health[J].International Journal of Environmental Research&Public Health,2016,13(10):1005.
[15]洪大用,肖晨阳.环境关心的性别差异分析[J].社会学研究,2007(2):111-135.[Hong D Y,Xiao C Y.Sociological analysis on gender difference of environmental concern[J].Sociological Studies,2007(2):111-135.]
[16]洪大用,卢春天.公众环境关心的多层分析--基于中国CGSS2003的数据应用[J].社会学研究,2011(6):154-170.[Hong D Y,Lu C.Multilevel analysis of public environmental concern:based on 2003 CGSS dataset[J].Sociological Studies,2011(6):154-170.]
[17]池上新,陈诚,许英.环境关心与环保支付意愿:政府信任的调节效应--兼论环境治理的困境[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2017,17(5):72-79.[Chi S X,Chen C,Xu Y.Environmental concern and willingness to pay for environmental protection:moderating effects of governmental trust[J].Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition),2017,17(5):72-79.]
[18]Gatersleben B,Steg L,Vlek C.Measurement and determinants of environmentally significant consumer behavior[J].Environment&Behavior,2016,34(3):335-362.
[19]焦媛媛,付轼辉,刘亚光.基于扎根理论的产品设计对用户感知的影响机理研究[J].管理学报,2018,15(08):1205-1213.[Jiao YY,Fu B H,Liu Y G.The mechanism of product design affecting user perceptions:a grounded research[J].Chinese Journal of Management,2018,15(8):1205-1213.]
[20]Gintis H.Beyond homo economics:evidence from experimental economics[J].Ecological Economics,2000,35(3):311-322.
[21]Janiszewski C,Wyer R S.Content and process priming:a review[J].Journal of Consumer Psychology,2014,24(1):96-118.
[22]刘卫东,龙华楼,张林秀,等.2013中国区域发展报告[M].北京:商务印书馆,2016.[Liu W D,Long H L,Zhang L X,et al.Regional development report 2013[M].Beijing:The Commercial Press,2016]
[23]国家卫生计生委家庭司.中国家庭发展报告2015[M].北京:中国人口出版社,2015.[Family Department of National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China.Family development report 2015[M].Beijing:China Population Publishing House,2015.]
[24]Straughan R D,Roberts J A.Environmental segmentation alternatives:a look at green consumer behavior in the new millennium[J].Journal of Consumer Marketing,1999,16(6):558-575.
[25]佟新,刘爱玉.城镇双职工家庭夫妻合作型家务劳动模式--基于2010年中国第三期妇女地位调查[J].中国社会科学,2015(6):96-111.[Tong X,Liu A Y.A model of conjugal cooperation in housework for urban dual-career couples--based on the third survey of women's status in China[J].Social Sciences in China,2015(6):96-111.]
[26]王炎,赵红,吕朋悦.网络卷入对青年消费者网络冲动性购买行为影响研究[J].数学的实践与认识,2015,45(20):76-87.[Wang Y,Zhao H,Lv P Y.The research on influences of internet involvement on online impulse buying of young consumers[J].Mathematics in Practice&Theory,2015,45(20):76-87.]
[27]Ajzen I,Madden T J.Prediction of goal-directed behavior:attitudes,intentions,and perceived behavioral control[J].Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,1986,22(5):453-474.
[28]倪琳,成金华,李小帆.中国生态消费发展指数测度研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(3):1-11.[Ni L,Cheng J H,Li XF.Research on measurement of ecological consumption development index in china[J].China Population Resources&Environment,2015,25(3):1-11.]