ANAMMOX富集与优化停曝比对MBR-SNAD工艺的影响
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摘要
采用膜生物反应器(MBR)研究了厌氧氨氧化细菌在富集过程中的活性变化,在启动全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺中以恒定曝气量,通过优化停曝比实现氨氧化细菌(AerAOB)和厌氧氨氧化细菌(An AOB)协同脱氮并且有效抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的活性,然后添加有机物(乙酸钠)逐步启动同步亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化耦合异养反硝化(SNAD)工艺.结果表明,在厌氧氨氧化细菌富集过程中,通过不断缩短水力停留时间(HRT)提高进水氮负荷的方式强化厌氧氨氧化细菌活性,其平均活性由0.603mgN/(h·gVSS)提高到了8.1mgN/(h·gVSS);当恒定曝气量为50mL/min,停曝比为4:10(min:min)时,AerAOB和An AOB对氨氮的去除量分别占总氨氮去除量的58.8%和41.2%, NOB氧化亚硝态氮的量占总硝态氮生成量的15.3%,成功抑制了NOB的活性;当C/N比为0.5,调整停曝比为4:15后,反硝化过程氮去除量占总氮去除率的20.9%,厌氧氨氧化过程氮去除量占总氮去除率的79.1%,实现了Aer AOB、An AOB和反硝化细菌(DNB)协同脱氮的目的.
The activity changes of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria during the enrichment process was studied based on the membrane bioreactor(MBR). Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite(CANON) process was started up by constant aeration rate. Simultaneous denitrification of ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AerAOB) and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AnAOB) by optimizing the intermittent aeration and effectively inhibiting the activity of nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB), then the simultaneous nitrification, anammox and denitrification(SNAD) process was started up successfully by adding the the carbon source(sodium acetate). The results showed that enhanced the activity of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria during the enrichment process of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria by continuously shortening the hydraulic retention time(HRT) and increasing influent nitrogen loading. The average activity of the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria increased from 0.603 mgN/(h·gVSS) to 8.1 mgN/(h·gVSS). When the constant aeration rate was 50 mL/min and the intermittent aeration(non-aeration time:aeration time, mim/min) was 4:10, the removal of ammonium by AerAOB and AnAOB accounted for 58.8% and 41.2% of the total ammonium removal respectively, and the amount of nitrite nitrogen oxidized by NOB accounted for 15.3% of the total nitrate nitrogen production, successfully inhibiting the activity of NOB. When the C/N ratio was 0.5 and the intermittent aeration was adjusted to 4:15, the nitrogen removal rate in the denitrification process accounted for 20.9% of the total nitrogen removal rate, and the nitrogen removal rate in the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process accounted for 79.1% of the total nitrogen removal rate. The purpose of synergistic denitrification of AerAOB, AnAOB and denitrifying bacteria(DNB) was achieved finally.
The activity changes of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria during the enrichment process was studied based on the membrane bioreactor(MBR). Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite(CANON) process was started up by constant aeration rate. Simultaneous denitrification of ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AerAOB) and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AnAOB) by optimizing the intermittent aeration and effectively inhibiting the activity of nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB), then the simultaneous nitrification, anammox and denitrification(SNAD) process was started up successfully by adding the the carbon source(sodium acetate). The results showed that enhanced the activity of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria during the enrichment process of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria by continuously shortening the hydraulic retention time(HRT) and increasing influent nitrogen loading. The average activity of the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria increased from 0.603 mgN/(h·gVSS) to 8.1 mgN/(h·gVSS). When the constant aeration rate was 50 mL/min and the intermittent aeration(non-aeration time:aeration time, mim/min) was 4:10, the removal of ammonium by AerAOB and AnAOB accounted for 58.8% and 41.2% of the total ammonium removal respectively, and the amount of nitrite nitrogen oxidized by NOB accounted for 15.3% of the total nitrate nitrogen production, successfully inhibiting the activity of NOB. When the C/N ratio was 0.5 and the intermittent aeration was adjusted to 4:15, the nitrogen removal rate in the denitrification process accounted for 20.9% of the total nitrogen removal rate, and the nitrogen removal rate in the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process accounted for 79.1% of the total nitrogen removal rate. The purpose of synergistic denitrification of AerAOB, AnAOB and denitrifying bacteria(DNB) was achieved finally.
引文
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[2]Anjali G,Sabumon P C.Development of simultaneous partial nitrification,anammox and denitrification(SNAD)in a non-aerated SBR[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2017,119:43-55.
[3]Anjali G,Sabumon P C.Unprecedented development of anammox in presence of organic carbon using seed biomass from a tannery common effluent treatment plant[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,153:30-38.
[4]Wang G,Xu X C,Gong Z,et al.Study of simultaneous partial nitrification,ANAMMOX and denitrification(SNAD)process in an intermittent aeration membrane bioreactor[J].Process Biochemistry,2016,51(5):632-641.
[5]Ding S Z,Bao P,Wang B,et al.Long-term stable simultaneous partialnitrification,anammox and denitrification(SNAD)process treating real domestic sewage using suspended activated sludge[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,339:180-188.
[6]Waki M,Tokutomi T,Yokoyama H,et al.Nitrogen removal from animalwaste treatment water by anammox enrichment[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98(14):2775-2780.
[7]Güven D,Dapena A,Kartal B,et al.Propionate oxidation by and methanol inhibition of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2005,71:1066-1071.
[8]Huang X W,Urata K,Wei Q Y,et al.Fast start-up of partial nitritation as pre-treatment for anammox in membrane bioreactor[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2016,105:371-378.
[9]Tao Y,Gao D W,Fu Y,et al.Impact of reactor configuration on anammox process start-up:MBR versus SBR[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,104:73-80.
[10]Hendrickx T,Kampman C,Zeeman G,et al.High specific activity for anammox bacteria enriched from activated sludge at 10℃[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,163:214-221.
[11]Wang Z Z,Liang H,Qu F S,et al.Start up of a gravity flow CANON-like MBR treating surface water under low temperature[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,217:466-474.
[12]王琳,徐新阳,张铭川.间歇曝气对化肥废水的短程硝化性能影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(1):146-153.Wang L,Xu X Y,Zhang M C.Effects of intermittent aeration on the performance of partial nitrification treating fertilizer wastewater[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(1):146-153.
[13]蔡庆,张代钧,丁佳佳.全自养脱氮颗粒污泥的培养及脱氮性能的恢复与强化[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(11):2805-2811.Cai Q,Zhang D J,Ding J J.The cultivation of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite granular sludge and the recovery and enhancement of nitrogen removal[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(11):2805-2811.
[14]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.State Environmental Protection Administration of China.Water and wastewater test and analysis methods[M].Fourth edition.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002.
[15]van de graaf A A,Mulder A,de Bruijn P,et al.Anaerobic oxidation of ammonium is a biologically mediated process[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1995,61(4):1246-1251.
[16]Liao B Q,Kraemer J T,Bagley D M.Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors:Applications and Research Directions[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2006,36(6):489-530.
[17]Dosta J,Fernández I,Vázquez-Padín J R,et al.Short-and long-term effects of temperature on the Anammox process[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,154(1-3):688-693.
[18]Strous M,Heijnen J J,Kuenen J G,et al.The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1998,50(5):589-596.
[19]宋成康,王亚宜,韩海成,等.温度降低对厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能及污泥胞外聚合物的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(7):2006-2013.Song K C,Wang Y Y,Han H C,et al.Effect of decreasing temperature on the performance and extracellular polymer substance of anaerobic ammonia oxidation sludge[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(7):2006-2013.
[20]李冬,高雪健,张杰,等.不同曝气密度对CANON工艺启动的影响[J].环境科学,2019,40(2):1-11.Li D,Gao X J,Zhang J,et al.Effect of Aeration Density on Start-up of CANON Process[J].Environmental Science,2019,40(2):1-11.
[21]杨京月,郑照明,李军,等.厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化底物竞争抑制特性[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(8):2947-2953.Yang J Y,Zheng Z M,Li J,et al.The inhibitive characteristics by substrate competion of the anammox coupling denitrification process[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(8):2947-2953.
[22]Miao Y Y,Zhang L,Yang Y D,et al.Start-up of single-stage partial nitrification-anammox process treating low-strength swage and its restoration from nitrate accumulation[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,218:771-779.
[23]Laanbroek H J,Gerards S.Competition for limiting amounts of oxygen between Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter winogradskyi grown in mixed continuous cultures[J].Archives of Microbiology,1993,159(5):453-459.
[24]Hanaki K,Wantawin C,Ohgaki S,Nitrification at low levels of dissolved oxygen with and without organic loading in a suspendedgrowth reactor[J].Water Research,1990,24(3):297-302.
[25]付昆明,张杰,曹相生,等.好氧条件下CANON工艺的启动研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(6):1689-1694.Fu K M,Zhang J,Cao X S,et al.Study of CANON Process Start-up Aerboic Conditions[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(6):1689-1694.
[26]Lan C,Kumar M,Wang C,et al.Development of simultaneous partial nitrification,anammox and denitrification(SNAD)process in a sequential batch reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(9):5514-5519.
[27]Gao F,Zhang H,Yang F,et al.The contrast study of anammoxdenitrifying system in two non-woven fixed-bed bioreactors(NFBR)treating different low C/N ratio sewage[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,114(2012):54-61.
[28]郑照明,李军,杨京月,等.不同C/N比和碳源种类条件下的SNAD生物膜脱氮性能[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(4):1331-1338.Zheng Z M,Li J,Yang J Y,et al.The nitrogen removal performance of the SNAD biofilm with different C/N rations and carbon sources[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(4):1331-1338.
[2]Anjali G,Sabumon P C.Development of simultaneous partial nitrification,anammox and denitrification(SNAD)in a non-aerated SBR[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2017,119:43-55.
[3]Anjali G,Sabumon P C.Unprecedented development of anammox in presence of organic carbon using seed biomass from a tannery common effluent treatment plant[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,153:30-38.
[4]Wang G,Xu X C,Gong Z,et al.Study of simultaneous partial nitrification,ANAMMOX and denitrification(SNAD)process in an intermittent aeration membrane bioreactor[J].Process Biochemistry,2016,51(5):632-641.
[5]Ding S Z,Bao P,Wang B,et al.Long-term stable simultaneous partialnitrification,anammox and denitrification(SNAD)process treating real domestic sewage using suspended activated sludge[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,339:180-188.
[6]Waki M,Tokutomi T,Yokoyama H,et al.Nitrogen removal from animalwaste treatment water by anammox enrichment[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98(14):2775-2780.
[7]Güven D,Dapena A,Kartal B,et al.Propionate oxidation by and methanol inhibition of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2005,71:1066-1071.
[8]Huang X W,Urata K,Wei Q Y,et al.Fast start-up of partial nitritation as pre-treatment for anammox in membrane bioreactor[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2016,105:371-378.
[9]Tao Y,Gao D W,Fu Y,et al.Impact of reactor configuration on anammox process start-up:MBR versus SBR[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,104:73-80.
[10]Hendrickx T,Kampman C,Zeeman G,et al.High specific activity for anammox bacteria enriched from activated sludge at 10℃[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,163:214-221.
[11]Wang Z Z,Liang H,Qu F S,et al.Start up of a gravity flow CANON-like MBR treating surface water under low temperature[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,217:466-474.
[12]王琳,徐新阳,张铭川.间歇曝气对化肥废水的短程硝化性能影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(1):146-153.Wang L,Xu X Y,Zhang M C.Effects of intermittent aeration on the performance of partial nitrification treating fertilizer wastewater[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(1):146-153.
[13]蔡庆,张代钧,丁佳佳.全自养脱氮颗粒污泥的培养及脱氮性能的恢复与强化[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(11):2805-2811.Cai Q,Zhang D J,Ding J J.The cultivation of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite granular sludge and the recovery and enhancement of nitrogen removal[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(11):2805-2811.
[14]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.State Environmental Protection Administration of China.Water and wastewater test and analysis methods[M].Fourth edition.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002.
[15]van de graaf A A,Mulder A,de Bruijn P,et al.Anaerobic oxidation of ammonium is a biologically mediated process[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1995,61(4):1246-1251.
[16]Liao B Q,Kraemer J T,Bagley D M.Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors:Applications and Research Directions[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2006,36(6):489-530.
[17]Dosta J,Fernández I,Vázquez-Padín J R,et al.Short-and long-term effects of temperature on the Anammox process[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,154(1-3):688-693.
[18]Strous M,Heijnen J J,Kuenen J G,et al.The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1998,50(5):589-596.
[19]宋成康,王亚宜,韩海成,等.温度降低对厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能及污泥胞外聚合物的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(7):2006-2013.Song K C,Wang Y Y,Han H C,et al.Effect of decreasing temperature on the performance and extracellular polymer substance of anaerobic ammonia oxidation sludge[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(7):2006-2013.
[20]李冬,高雪健,张杰,等.不同曝气密度对CANON工艺启动的影响[J].环境科学,2019,40(2):1-11.Li D,Gao X J,Zhang J,et al.Effect of Aeration Density on Start-up of CANON Process[J].Environmental Science,2019,40(2):1-11.
[21]杨京月,郑照明,李军,等.厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化底物竞争抑制特性[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(8):2947-2953.Yang J Y,Zheng Z M,Li J,et al.The inhibitive characteristics by substrate competion of the anammox coupling denitrification process[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(8):2947-2953.
[22]Miao Y Y,Zhang L,Yang Y D,et al.Start-up of single-stage partial nitrification-anammox process treating low-strength swage and its restoration from nitrate accumulation[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,218:771-779.
[23]Laanbroek H J,Gerards S.Competition for limiting amounts of oxygen between Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter winogradskyi grown in mixed continuous cultures[J].Archives of Microbiology,1993,159(5):453-459.
[24]Hanaki K,Wantawin C,Ohgaki S,Nitrification at low levels of dissolved oxygen with and without organic loading in a suspendedgrowth reactor[J].Water Research,1990,24(3):297-302.
[25]付昆明,张杰,曹相生,等.好氧条件下CANON工艺的启动研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(6):1689-1694.Fu K M,Zhang J,Cao X S,et al.Study of CANON Process Start-up Aerboic Conditions[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(6):1689-1694.
[26]Lan C,Kumar M,Wang C,et al.Development of simultaneous partial nitrification,anammox and denitrification(SNAD)process in a sequential batch reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(9):5514-5519.
[27]Gao F,Zhang H,Yang F,et al.The contrast study of anammoxdenitrifying system in two non-woven fixed-bed bioreactors(NFBR)treating different low C/N ratio sewage[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,114(2012):54-61.
[28]郑照明,李军,杨京月,等.不同C/N比和碳源种类条件下的SNAD生物膜脱氮性能[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(4):1331-1338.Zheng Z M,Li J,Yang J Y,et al.The nitrogen removal performance of the SNAD biofilm with different C/N rations and carbon sources[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(4):1331-1338.