创业失败归因与失败学习的关系研究
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摘要
为了更好地了解创业者失败活动的后续发展,本文研究创业失败归因与失败学习的关系。通过文献综述和逻辑推理,构建了创业失败归因与失败学习关系的理论模型。研究发现,将创业失败归因于内部原因的个体,更倾向于进行内部学习,采取利用式学习模式;而将创业失败归因于外部原因的个体,更倾向于进行外部学习,采取探索式学习模式。论文最后提出了未来的研究展望。
In order to better understand the follow-up development of entrepreneurial failure activities,this article studies the relationship between entrepreneurial failure attribution and failure learning. A theoretical model of the relationship between entrepreneurial failure attribution and failure learning was constructed based on the literature review and logical deduction. Through theoretical and literature re-search, it is found that while individuals who attribute the entrepreneurial failure to internal reasons pre-fer to internal learning and exploitation learning, individuals who attribute the entrepreneurial failure to external reasons prefer to external learning and exploration learning. The paper puts forward some future re-search prospects on the relationship between entrepreneurial failure attribution and failure learning.
In order to better understand the follow-up development of entrepreneurial failure activities,this article studies the relationship between entrepreneurial failure attribution and failure learning. A theoretical model of the relationship between entrepreneurial failure attribution and failure learning was constructed based on the literature review and logical deduction. Through theoretical and literature re-search, it is found that while individuals who attribute the entrepreneurial failure to internal reasons pre-fer to internal learning and exploitation learning, individuals who attribute the entrepreneurial failure to external reasons prefer to external learning and exploration learning. The paper puts forward some future re-search prospects on the relationship between entrepreneurial failure attribution and failure learning.
引文
[1]McGrath,R. G. Falling forward:Read options reasoning and entrepreneurial failure[J]. Academy of management Review,1999,24(910):13-30.
[2] Shepherd, D. A. Learning from business failure:Propositions of grief recovery for the self-employed[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2003,28(2):318-328.
[3]Heinze,I. Entrepreneur sense-making of business failure[J]. Small Enterprise Research, 2013,20(1):21-39.
[4]Olaison,L.,Meier.Srensen B.The abjection of entrepreneurship:Failure, fiasco, fraud[J]. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior&Research,2014,20(2):193-211.
[5]Khelil,N.The many faces of entrepreneurial fail ure:Insights from an empirical taxonomy[J].Journal of Business Venturing, 2016,31(1):72-94.
[6]Simmons, S. A., Wiklund, J., Levie, J. Stigma and business failure:Implications for entrepreneurs'career choices[J].Small Business Economics,2014,42(3):485-505.
[7]于晓宇.创业失败研究评介与未来展望[J].外国经济与管理,2011,33(9):19-58.
[8]Heider, F. The psychology of interpersonal relations.New York:John Wiley&Sons Publishing House.1958.
[9]于晓宇.内因?外因?别急着对创业失败归因[J].清华管理评论2017(5):48-54.
[10]于晓宇,李厚锐,杨隽萍.创业失败归因,创业失败学习与随后创业意向[J].管理学报2013,10(8):1179-1184.
[11]Cope,J.Toward a dynamic learning perspective o f entrepreneurship[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2005,29(4):373-398.
[12]Weiner,B.An attributional theory of achievemen t motivation and emotion[J].Psychology Review,1985,92,548-573.
[13] Shepherd, D.A., Zacharakis, A., Conjoint analysis:A new methodological approach for researching the decision policies of venture capitalists[J].Venture Capital,1999,1(3):197-217.
[14]Mandl,C.,Berger,E.S.,Kuckertz, A. Do you plead guilty? Exploring entrepreneurs'sensemaking-behavior link after business failure[J].Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 2016(5):9-13.
[15]Eggers,J.P., Song, L. Dealing with failure:Serial entrepreneurs and the costs of changing industries between ventures[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2015, 58(6):1785-1803.
[16]Nicholls,J. G. Achievement motivation:Conceptions of ability,subjective experience,task choice,and performance[J].Psychological Review,1984,91:328-346.
[17]Cope J.Entrepreneurial Learning from Failure:A n Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2010,6(2):1-20.
[18]于晓宇,李雪灵,杨若瑶.创业失败学习:来自创业新手、新创企业与行业特征的解释[J].管理学报,2013,10(1):77-83.
[19]Schutjens V,Stam E.Starting a new:Entrepreneur ial intentions and realizations subsequent to business closure[R/OL].[2013-10-01].ftp://paper.Econ.Mpg. De/egp/discassionpapers/2006-10. pdf.
[20]March,J.G.,Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning[J].Organization Science,1991,2(1):71-87.
[21]黎赔肆.社会网络视角的企业家学习模式研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2008.
[22] Baron, R. A., Counterfactual thinking and venture formation:The potential effects of thinking about"what might have been"[J].Journal of Business Venturing,1999,15(1):79-91.
[23]Shepherd,D.A.,Patzelt, H. The new field of sustainable entrepreneurship:studying entrepreneurial action linking “what is to be sustained” with “what is to be developed”[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2011, 35(1):137-163.
[24]Cardon,M. S.,Stevens,C. E.,&Potter, D. R. Misfortunes or mistakes? Cultural sensemaking of entrepreneurial failure[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2011(26):79-92.
[25]Cope J.Entrepreneurial learning and critical r eflection:Discontinuous events as triggers for higher-level learning[J].Management learning,2003,34(4):429-450.
[26]Argyris C.Theories of action that inhibit individual learning[J].American Psychologist,1976,31(9):638-654.
[27]Argyris,C.Teaching smart people how to learn[J].Harvard Business Review,1991,69(3):99-109.
[28]Ford,J.The effects of causal attributions on de cision makers’ responses to performance downturns[J].Academy of management Review,1985,10(4):770-786.
[29]Shepherd,D. A., Cardon, M. S. Negative emotional reactions to project failure and the self-compassion to learn from failure experience. Working paper,Indiana University,2008.
[30]Cardon,M.S.,Stevens,C.E.and Potter,D.R., Misfortunes or mistakes? Cultural sensemaking of entrepreneurial failure[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2011,26(5):79-92.
[31]Roese,N.J.Counterfactual thinking[J]. Psychological Bulletin,1997,121(1):133-148.
[32]于晓宇,桑大伟,韩雨卿.基于创业失败学习视角的创业课程设计[J].教育科学文摘,2013(1):52-53.
[33]汪欣悦.首次创业失败归因,负面情绪应对导向与创业失败学习[D].上海:上海大学,2013.
[34]Harmeling,S.Contingency as an entrepreneurial resource:How private obsession fulfills public need[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2011,26(3):293-305.
[2] Shepherd, D. A. Learning from business failure:Propositions of grief recovery for the self-employed[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2003,28(2):318-328.
[3]Heinze,I. Entrepreneur sense-making of business failure[J]. Small Enterprise Research, 2013,20(1):21-39.
[4]Olaison,L.,Meier.Srensen B.The abjection of entrepreneurship:Failure, fiasco, fraud[J]. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior&Research,2014,20(2):193-211.
[5]Khelil,N.The many faces of entrepreneurial fail ure:Insights from an empirical taxonomy[J].Journal of Business Venturing, 2016,31(1):72-94.
[6]Simmons, S. A., Wiklund, J., Levie, J. Stigma and business failure:Implications for entrepreneurs'career choices[J].Small Business Economics,2014,42(3):485-505.
[7]于晓宇.创业失败研究评介与未来展望[J].外国经济与管理,2011,33(9):19-58.
[8]Heider, F. The psychology of interpersonal relations.New York:John Wiley&Sons Publishing House.1958.
[9]于晓宇.内因?外因?别急着对创业失败归因[J].清华管理评论2017(5):48-54.
[10]于晓宇,李厚锐,杨隽萍.创业失败归因,创业失败学习与随后创业意向[J].管理学报2013,10(8):1179-1184.
[11]Cope,J.Toward a dynamic learning perspective o f entrepreneurship[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2005,29(4):373-398.
[12]Weiner,B.An attributional theory of achievemen t motivation and emotion[J].Psychology Review,1985,92,548-573.
[13] Shepherd, D.A., Zacharakis, A., Conjoint analysis:A new methodological approach for researching the decision policies of venture capitalists[J].Venture Capital,1999,1(3):197-217.
[14]Mandl,C.,Berger,E.S.,Kuckertz, A. Do you plead guilty? Exploring entrepreneurs'sensemaking-behavior link after business failure[J].Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 2016(5):9-13.
[15]Eggers,J.P., Song, L. Dealing with failure:Serial entrepreneurs and the costs of changing industries between ventures[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2015, 58(6):1785-1803.
[16]Nicholls,J. G. Achievement motivation:Conceptions of ability,subjective experience,task choice,and performance[J].Psychological Review,1984,91:328-346.
[17]Cope J.Entrepreneurial Learning from Failure:A n Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2010,6(2):1-20.
[18]于晓宇,李雪灵,杨若瑶.创业失败学习:来自创业新手、新创企业与行业特征的解释[J].管理学报,2013,10(1):77-83.
[19]Schutjens V,Stam E.Starting a new:Entrepreneur ial intentions and realizations subsequent to business closure[R/OL].[2013-10-01].ftp://paper.Econ.Mpg. De/egp/discassionpapers/2006-10. pdf.
[20]March,J.G.,Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning[J].Organization Science,1991,2(1):71-87.
[21]黎赔肆.社会网络视角的企业家学习模式研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2008.
[22] Baron, R. A., Counterfactual thinking and venture formation:The potential effects of thinking about"what might have been"[J].Journal of Business Venturing,1999,15(1):79-91.
[23]Shepherd,D.A.,Patzelt, H. The new field of sustainable entrepreneurship:studying entrepreneurial action linking “what is to be sustained” with “what is to be developed”[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2011, 35(1):137-163.
[24]Cardon,M. S.,Stevens,C. E.,&Potter, D. R. Misfortunes or mistakes? Cultural sensemaking of entrepreneurial failure[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2011(26):79-92.
[25]Cope J.Entrepreneurial learning and critical r eflection:Discontinuous events as triggers for higher-level learning[J].Management learning,2003,34(4):429-450.
[26]Argyris C.Theories of action that inhibit individual learning[J].American Psychologist,1976,31(9):638-654.
[27]Argyris,C.Teaching smart people how to learn[J].Harvard Business Review,1991,69(3):99-109.
[28]Ford,J.The effects of causal attributions on de cision makers’ responses to performance downturns[J].Academy of management Review,1985,10(4):770-786.
[29]Shepherd,D. A., Cardon, M. S. Negative emotional reactions to project failure and the self-compassion to learn from failure experience. Working paper,Indiana University,2008.
[30]Cardon,M.S.,Stevens,C.E.and Potter,D.R., Misfortunes or mistakes? Cultural sensemaking of entrepreneurial failure[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2011,26(5):79-92.
[31]Roese,N.J.Counterfactual thinking[J]. Psychological Bulletin,1997,121(1):133-148.
[32]于晓宇,桑大伟,韩雨卿.基于创业失败学习视角的创业课程设计[J].教育科学文摘,2013(1):52-53.
[33]汪欣悦.首次创业失败归因,负面情绪应对导向与创业失败学习[D].上海:上海大学,2013.
[34]Harmeling,S.Contingency as an entrepreneurial resource:How private obsession fulfills public need[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2011,26(3):293-305.