农户生计分化与化肥施用行为——基于江西省1421户农户的调研
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摘要
[目的]为清晰识别生计分化对农户施用化肥行为的影响,以期为农户生计不断分化的现阶段化肥减量化目标实现提供参考。[方法]文章借鉴已有研究方法,基于江西省9市19县(区) 1 421份农户调查问卷,在分析生计分化的农户化肥施用特征变化基础上,运用二元Logistic回归模型对农户生计分化对施用化肥行为的影响因素开展实证研究。[结果](1)农户生计分化的化肥施用特征变化主要体现在化肥施用技术与认知特征、化肥用量依据及种类变化特征以及科学施肥激励措施特征3方面。(2)影响纯农户合理施用化肥的因素有年龄、家庭年收入、家庭劳动力比重、家庭耕地经营规模;影响Ⅰ兼户合理施用化肥的因素有性别、家庭耕地经营规模、负面影响认知、土壤污染认知、种类变更;影响Ⅱ兼户合理施用化肥的因素有家庭年收入、家庭劳动力比重、负面影响认知、种类变更。[结论]政府及基层管理部门应在施肥宣传、技术推广、肥源替代以及引导土地适度规模化流转等方面制定针对性的政策措施。
In order to clearly identify the impact of livelihood diversification on households' application of fertilizers,it is expected to provide reference for the realization of the current stage of fertilizer reduction targets for households' livelihoods. Based on the questionnaire survey of 1421 households in 19 counties( districts) of 9 cities in Jiangxi province and the analysis of the changes in the characteristics of fertilizer application by households with livelihood diversification,this paper conducted empirical research about the factors affecting households' livelihood diversification on fertilization behavior by using the binary logistic regression model. The main conclusions showed that:( 1) the changes of fertilizer application characteristics of households' livelihood diversification were mainly reflected in the three aspects of fertilizer application technology and cognitive characteristics,fertilizer dosage basis and species change characteristics and scientific fertilization incentive characteristics.( 2) Full-farm households applied fertilizer was affected by age,annual household income,proportion of family labor,and family cultivated land management scale; type I households were affected by gender,family cultivated land management scale,negative impact cognition,soil pollution cognition and species change; type Ⅱ households were affected by annual household income,proportion of family labor,negative impact cognition and species change. The government and grassroots management departments should formulate targeted policy measures in the areas of fertilization propaganda,technology promotion,replacement of fertilizer sources,and guiding the moderate scale of cultivated land transfer.
In order to clearly identify the impact of livelihood diversification on households' application of fertilizers,it is expected to provide reference for the realization of the current stage of fertilizer reduction targets for households' livelihoods. Based on the questionnaire survey of 1421 households in 19 counties( districts) of 9 cities in Jiangxi province and the analysis of the changes in the characteristics of fertilizer application by households with livelihood diversification,this paper conducted empirical research about the factors affecting households' livelihood diversification on fertilization behavior by using the binary logistic regression model. The main conclusions showed that:( 1) the changes of fertilizer application characteristics of households' livelihood diversification were mainly reflected in the three aspects of fertilizer application technology and cognitive characteristics,fertilizer dosage basis and species change characteristics and scientific fertilization incentive characteristics.( 2) Full-farm households applied fertilizer was affected by age,annual household income,proportion of family labor,and family cultivated land management scale; type I households were affected by gender,family cultivated land management scale,negative impact cognition,soil pollution cognition and species change; type Ⅱ households were affected by annual household income,proportion of family labor,negative impact cognition and species change. The government and grassroots management departments should formulate targeted policy measures in the areas of fertilization propaganda,technology promotion,replacement of fertilizer sources,and guiding the moderate scale of cultivated land transfer.
引文
[1]向涛,綦勇.粮食安全与农业面源污染——以农地禀赋对化肥投入强度的影响为例.财经研究,2015,41(7):132-144.
[2]陈美球.耕地保护的本质回归.中国土地,2017(4):12-14.
[3]朱兆良,金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题.植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):259-273.
[4]栾江,仇焕广,井月,等.我国化肥施用量持续增长的原因分解及趋势预测.自然资源学报,2013,28(11):1869-1878.
[5]杨万江,李琪.稻农化肥减量施用行为的影响因素.华南农业大学学报,2017(3):58-66.
[6] Karisson,S. Agricultural pesticides in developing countries:A multilevel governance. Environment,2004,45(4):23-42.
[7] Burton R J F. The influence of farmer demographic characteristics on environmental behaviour:A review. Journal of Environmental Management,2014,135(4):19-26.
[8] Abdoulaye. Efficiency of Nonpoint source pollution instnlments:an experimental study. Envirmental&Resource Economics. 2005(30):393-422.
[9] Patrick Kormawa. Fertilizer market reforms and factors influencing fertilizer use by small-scale farmers in Bénin. Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2003,100(2):129-136.
[10] D. Stuart. Reducing nitrogen fertilizer application as a climate change mitigation strategy:Understanding farmer decision-making and potential barriers to change in the US. land Use Policy,2014,36(1):210-218.
[11]诸培新,苏敏,颜杰.转入农地经营规模及稳定性对农户化肥投入的影响——以江苏四县(市)水稻生产为例.南京农业大学学报,2017(4):85-94.
[12]李宾,王婷婷,马九杰.农业规模经营对农户化肥投入水平的影响——基于河南省H县的农户调查.农林经济管理学报,2017,16(4):430-440.
[13]纪月清,张惠,陆五一,等.差异化、信息不完全与农户化肥过量施用.农业技术经济,2016(2):14-22.
[14]胡浩,杨泳冰.要素替代视角下农户化肥施用研究——基于全国农村固定观察点农户数据.农业技术经济,2015(3):84-91.
[15]应瑞瑶,朱勇.农业技术培训方式对农户农业化学投入品使用行为的影响——源自实验经济学的实证.中国农村经济,2015(1):50-59.
[16]徐卫涛,张俊飚,李树明,等.循环农业中的农户减量化投入行为分析——基于晋、鲁、鄂三省的化肥投入调查.资源科学,2010,32(12):2407-2412.
[17]朱哲毅,周力.要素供给主体差异对化肥施用量的影响分析——基于江苏省526份农户调查数据.湖南农业大学学报,2016,17(4):1-7.
[18]农金花,梁增芳,肖新成,等.三峡库区农户过量施肥负效应认知实证分析.西南大学学报,2017,39(5):162-169.
[19]杨曙辉,宋天庆,欧阳作富,等.我国农产品食品质量安全问题:特点、症结及对策.农业现代化研究,2013,34(3):293-297.
[20]韩亚恒,曲春红,刘现武.不同兼业类型农户的小麦技术效率研究——以河南省为例.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(5):65-72.
[21]张秀丽,张倩倩,许天修,等.施用化肥和农家肥缓解盐碱地桑树光合午休PSⅡ光抑制.草业科学,2015,32(5):745-753.
[22]田云,张俊飚,何可,等.农户农业低碳生产行为及其影响因素分析——以化肥施用和农药使用为例.中国农村观察,2015(4):61-70.
[23]玛衣拉·吐尔逊,阿斯亚·托乎提,甫祺娜依·尤力瓦斯.棉区农户过量施肥风险认知的影响因素分析——基于新疆446个棉农的问卷调查.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(4):38-42.
[24]崔新蕾,蔡银莺,张安录.农户减少化肥农药施用量的生产意愿及影响因素.农村经济,2011(11):97-100.
(1)农村经济收入非农占比=1-(农村居民人均第一产业收入/农村居民人均总收入)
[2]陈美球.耕地保护的本质回归.中国土地,2017(4):12-14.
[3]朱兆良,金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题.植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):259-273.
[4]栾江,仇焕广,井月,等.我国化肥施用量持续增长的原因分解及趋势预测.自然资源学报,2013,28(11):1869-1878.
[5]杨万江,李琪.稻农化肥减量施用行为的影响因素.华南农业大学学报,2017(3):58-66.
[6] Karisson,S. Agricultural pesticides in developing countries:A multilevel governance. Environment,2004,45(4):23-42.
[7] Burton R J F. The influence of farmer demographic characteristics on environmental behaviour:A review. Journal of Environmental Management,2014,135(4):19-26.
[8] Abdoulaye. Efficiency of Nonpoint source pollution instnlments:an experimental study. Envirmental&Resource Economics. 2005(30):393-422.
[9] Patrick Kormawa. Fertilizer market reforms and factors influencing fertilizer use by small-scale farmers in Bénin. Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2003,100(2):129-136.
[10] D. Stuart. Reducing nitrogen fertilizer application as a climate change mitigation strategy:Understanding farmer decision-making and potential barriers to change in the US. land Use Policy,2014,36(1):210-218.
[11]诸培新,苏敏,颜杰.转入农地经营规模及稳定性对农户化肥投入的影响——以江苏四县(市)水稻生产为例.南京农业大学学报,2017(4):85-94.
[12]李宾,王婷婷,马九杰.农业规模经营对农户化肥投入水平的影响——基于河南省H县的农户调查.农林经济管理学报,2017,16(4):430-440.
[13]纪月清,张惠,陆五一,等.差异化、信息不完全与农户化肥过量施用.农业技术经济,2016(2):14-22.
[14]胡浩,杨泳冰.要素替代视角下农户化肥施用研究——基于全国农村固定观察点农户数据.农业技术经济,2015(3):84-91.
[15]应瑞瑶,朱勇.农业技术培训方式对农户农业化学投入品使用行为的影响——源自实验经济学的实证.中国农村经济,2015(1):50-59.
[16]徐卫涛,张俊飚,李树明,等.循环农业中的农户减量化投入行为分析——基于晋、鲁、鄂三省的化肥投入调查.资源科学,2010,32(12):2407-2412.
[17]朱哲毅,周力.要素供给主体差异对化肥施用量的影响分析——基于江苏省526份农户调查数据.湖南农业大学学报,2016,17(4):1-7.
[18]农金花,梁增芳,肖新成,等.三峡库区农户过量施肥负效应认知实证分析.西南大学学报,2017,39(5):162-169.
[19]杨曙辉,宋天庆,欧阳作富,等.我国农产品食品质量安全问题:特点、症结及对策.农业现代化研究,2013,34(3):293-297.
[20]韩亚恒,曲春红,刘现武.不同兼业类型农户的小麦技术效率研究——以河南省为例.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(5):65-72.
[21]张秀丽,张倩倩,许天修,等.施用化肥和农家肥缓解盐碱地桑树光合午休PSⅡ光抑制.草业科学,2015,32(5):745-753.
[22]田云,张俊飚,何可,等.农户农业低碳生产行为及其影响因素分析——以化肥施用和农药使用为例.中国农村观察,2015(4):61-70.
[23]玛衣拉·吐尔逊,阿斯亚·托乎提,甫祺娜依·尤力瓦斯.棉区农户过量施肥风险认知的影响因素分析——基于新疆446个棉农的问卷调查.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(4):38-42.
[24]崔新蕾,蔡银莺,张安录.农户减少化肥农药施用量的生产意愿及影响因素.农村经济,2011(11):97-100.
(1)农村经济收入非农占比=1-(农村居民人均第一产业收入/农村居民人均总收入)