生境·画境·意境——清代袁枚与南京随园植物景观研究
|
摘要
自古"名家必有名园",清代南京随园因其主是文坛大家袁枚而名声大噪,对当时江南的文人园林甚至后世私家园林产生了一定的影响,后毁于太平天国战火之乱。通过史料搜集,对园文、园诗、园图等资料进行解读,从"三境合一"出发,结合袁枚自身的性格特点,对随园植物景观进行探讨,梳理总结出随园的植物景观特色:1)植物品种丰富,配置方式多样;2)植物功能多样;3)植物经营体现"生态学"思想;4)利用植物自身人格寓意,传达对美好事物的追求与向往;5)造景的同时传达生活情趣。一方面可通过植物景观窥探当时随园的盛况,饱览秀美的风光,另一方面也对江南文人园林的相关研究提供有益补充。
Throughout history, it is easy to draw the conclusion that celebrities must have famous gardens. Yuan Mei's Suiyuan Garden, which leaves a significant impact on literati gardens in the region south of the Yangtze River in east China and other gardens of later generations, is famous because of Yuan's influence. But it was destroyed by wars in the mid 19 th century. Based on the collection of historical materials, this paper interprets the literature, poems, maps and other materials on the garden. Starting from "three conceptions in harmony" and Yuan Mei's personality characteristics,it discusses the plant landscape of Suiyuan Garden, and sums up its characteristics as follows: 1) There are abundant varieties of plants and ways of disposition. 2) There are various functions of plants. 3) The plant management embodies the idea of "ecology". 4) It utilizes plants' own personality morals to convey the pursuit and yearning for beautiful things. 5) Landscaping conveys the interest of life at the same time. We can also pry into the splendid scenery of the park and enjoy the beautiful scenery in the plant landscape. Meanwhile, it can also provide a useful supplement to related researches of literati gardens in the region south of the Yangtze River in east China.
Throughout history, it is easy to draw the conclusion that celebrities must have famous gardens. Yuan Mei's Suiyuan Garden, which leaves a significant impact on literati gardens in the region south of the Yangtze River in east China and other gardens of later generations, is famous because of Yuan's influence. But it was destroyed by wars in the mid 19 th century. Based on the collection of historical materials, this paper interprets the literature, poems, maps and other materials on the garden. Starting from "three conceptions in harmony" and Yuan Mei's personality characteristics,it discusses the plant landscape of Suiyuan Garden, and sums up its characteristics as follows: 1) There are abundant varieties of plants and ways of disposition. 2) There are various functions of plants. 3) The plant management embodies the idea of "ecology". 4) It utilizes plants' own personality morals to convey the pursuit and yearning for beautiful things. 5) Landscaping conveys the interest of life at the same time. We can also pry into the splendid scenery of the park and enjoy the beautiful scenery in the plant landscape. Meanwhile, it can also provide a useful supplement to related researches of literati gardens in the region south of the Yangtze River in east China.
引文
[1]王欣.传统园林种植设计理论研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2005.
[2]贾珺,朱育帆.北京私家园林中的植物景观[J].中国园林,2010,26(10):61-69.
[3]周本淳.小仓山房诗文集·文集卷十九:再答彭尺木进士书[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2009.
[4]陈作霂.金陵琐志九种:金陵园墅志[M].南京:南京出版社,2008.
[5]王英志.袁枚初归随园考述[J].锦州师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2001,23(1):64-67.
[6]王英志.袁枚“一造三改”随园考述[J].中国典籍与文化,2001(4):109-115.
[7]袁祖志.随园三十六种,随园琐记[M].上海:上海图书集成印书局,1893.
[8]麟庆,汪春泉.鸿雪因缘图记[M].北京:北京古籍出版社,1984.
[9]孟庆莉.解读中国私家园林的美学特征[J].兰州教育学院学报,2008(3):45-48.
[10]李娜.基于“三境论”的花港观鱼牡丹园植物景观设计研究[D].杭州:浙江理工大学,2017.
(1)图1引自百度百科;图2由王芳绘;图3和6由王静煜、王芳绘;图4引自参考文献[8];图5来自南京博物院藏品。
(2)表1、3根据参考文献[4]、[7]总结整理所得;表2由作者整理。
[2]贾珺,朱育帆.北京私家园林中的植物景观[J].中国园林,2010,26(10):61-69.
[3]周本淳.小仓山房诗文集·文集卷十九:再答彭尺木进士书[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2009.
[4]陈作霂.金陵琐志九种:金陵园墅志[M].南京:南京出版社,2008.
[5]王英志.袁枚初归随园考述[J].锦州师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2001,23(1):64-67.
[6]王英志.袁枚“一造三改”随园考述[J].中国典籍与文化,2001(4):109-115.
[7]袁祖志.随园三十六种,随园琐记[M].上海:上海图书集成印书局,1893.
[8]麟庆,汪春泉.鸿雪因缘图记[M].北京:北京古籍出版社,1984.
[9]孟庆莉.解读中国私家园林的美学特征[J].兰州教育学院学报,2008(3):45-48.
[10]李娜.基于“三境论”的花港观鱼牡丹园植物景观设计研究[D].杭州:浙江理工大学,2017.
(1)图1引自百度百科;图2由王芳绘;图3和6由王静煜、王芳绘;图4引自参考文献[8];图5来自南京博物院藏品。
(2)表1、3根据参考文献[4]、[7]总结整理所得;表2由作者整理。