梨休眠期中国梨喀木虱种群动态及防控措施研究
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摘要
为了探索中国梨喀木虱防治的关键时期及有效措施,减少梨生育期化学药剂的使用,2016—2017年调查了运城市梨园中国梨喀木虱的发生规律,并于2017—2018年梨休眠期进行了2次防控试验。结果表明,11月上中旬为越冬代成虫发生高峰期,次年2月下旬越冬代成虫开始出蛰,3月上旬为出蛰高峰期,3月中下旬芽部卵量达到最高。成虫越冬前用药剂虫螨腈和噻虫嗪混合液处理7 d后对越冬代成虫防效最高,为84. 13%。产卵前施用高岭土可湿性粉剂可显著降低第1代种群数量,芽部落卵量、花和叶上若虫数分别仅为0. 28头/芽、0. 04头/花和0. 06头/叶。成虫越冬前和早春产卵前分别采用药剂防治和保护性措施防护,降低第1代中国梨喀木虱种群密度和危害指数的效果更好。
In order to find the critical prevention periods and effective measures to control Cacopsylla chinensisis Yang & Li,and decrease the use of chemical pesticides in pear growth period,we studied the occurrence regularity of Cacopsylla chinensis in pear orchards of Yuncheng city in 2016—2017,and the control effects of two field trials in the dormant period of pear in 2017—2018. The results showed that early to middle November was the peak period of the overwintering adults. In late February of the next year,the overwintering adults began to emerge,and the peak of the adults appeared in early March. In middle and late March,the number of eggs in buds reached the maximum. The best effect of field test against overwintering adults was 84. 13% after using chlorfenapyr and thiamethoxam mixture for 7 days before overwintering. Application of Kaolin surround WP before spawning could significantly reduce the population of the first generation. The mean of eggs in buds was 0. 28 heads/bud,and the means of nymphs on flower and leaf were 0. 04 heads/flower and 0. 06 heads/leaf respectively. Through both the pesticide control before adults overwintering and protective measure before early spring spawning,the population density and pest attack index of the first generation of Cacopsylla chinensis can be reduced more effectively.
In order to find the critical prevention periods and effective measures to control Cacopsylla chinensisis Yang & Li,and decrease the use of chemical pesticides in pear growth period,we studied the occurrence regularity of Cacopsylla chinensis in pear orchards of Yuncheng city in 2016—2017,and the control effects of two field trials in the dormant period of pear in 2017—2018. The results showed that early to middle November was the peak period of the overwintering adults. In late February of the next year,the overwintering adults began to emerge,and the peak of the adults appeared in early March. In middle and late March,the number of eggs in buds reached the maximum. The best effect of field test against overwintering adults was 84. 13% after using chlorfenapyr and thiamethoxam mixture for 7 days before overwintering. Application of Kaolin surround WP before spawning could significantly reduce the population of the first generation. The mean of eggs in buds was 0. 28 heads/bud,and the means of nymphs on flower and leaf were 0. 04 heads/flower and 0. 06 heads/leaf respectively. Through both the pesticide control before adults overwintering and protective measure before early spring spawning,the population density and pest attack index of the first generation of Cacopsylla chinensis can be reduced more effectively.
引文
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[2] FOTIRIC AKSIC M M,DABIC D Cˇ,GASˇIC U M,et al.Polyphenolic profile of pear leaves with different resistance to pear psylla(Cacopsylla pyri)[J]. Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,2015,63(34):7476-7486.
[3]李大乱,张翠疃,苏海峰,等.中国梨木虱的危害及防治研究[J].林业科学研究,1994,6(7):666-670.
[4]张翠疃,徐国良,李大乱.梨树主要害虫梨木虱的研究综述[J].华北农学报,2003,18(S1):127-130.
[5]何凯,高晓阳,赵印勇,等.梨园作物间作与生物药剂对梨木虱及其捕食性天敌种群数量动态的协同调控作用[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(3):289-295.
[6] LIU S L,LIU H L,CHANG S C,et al. Phytoplasmas of two 16S r DNA groups are associated with pear decline in Taiwan[J]. Botanical Studies,2011,52(3):313-320.
[7] SEEMLLER E,SCHNEIDER B.‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’,‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’,the causal agents of apple proliferation, pear decline and European stone fruit yellows,respectively[J]. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2004,54(4):1217-1226.
[8] HILDEBRAND M,DICKLER E,GEIDER K. Occurrence of Erwinia amylovora on insects in a fire blight orchard[J]. Journal of Phytopathology,2000,148(4):251-256.
[9]宋备舟,王美超,孔云,等.梨园芳香植物间作区主要害虫及其天敌的相互关系[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(17):3590-3601.
[10]陈惠仙,方炳南.中国梨木虱的发生规律及防治技术[J].落叶果树,2002(3):57-59.
[11]王景涛,孙立祎,于利国,等.套袋梨园中国梨木虱发生特点及防治技术研究[J].华北农学报,2007,22(S2):243-246.
[12]孟昭礼,张振芳,刘波.中国梨木虱抗药性研究[J].莱阳农学院学报,1994,11(4):269-272.
[13] CROFT B A,BURTS E C,HEVANDE B,et al. Local and regional resistance to fenvalerate in Psylla pyricola Foerster(Homoptera:Psyllidae)in western North America[J]. Canadian Entomologist,1989,121(2):965-971.
[14] CIVOLANI S,PERETTO R,CAROLI L,et al. Preliminary resistance screening on abamectin in pear psylla(Hemiptera:Psyllidae)in northern Italy[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology,2007,100(5):1637-1641.
[15]宫亚军,康总江,石宝才,等.新型双向传导杀虫剂螺虫乙酯对梨木虱防治效果研究[J].中国森林病虫,2012,6(6):22-24.
[16] BAAN H E,CROFT B A,BURTS E C. Resistance to hepyrethroid fenvalerate in pear psylla,Psylla pyricola Foerster(Homoptera:Psyllidae)in the Northwestern USA[J]. Crop Protection,1990,9(3):185-189.
[17] SHALTIEL L,COLL M. Reduction of pear psylla damage by the predatory bug Anthocoris nemoralis(Heteroptera:Anthocoridae):The importance of orchard colonization time and neighboring vegetation[J]. Biocontrol Science and Technology,2004,14(8):811-821.
[18]李庆,蔡如希.温度和湿度同梨木虱生长发育和繁殖的关系[J].四川农业大学学报,1995,13(2):127-129.
[19]王立如,徐绍清,徐永江,等.中国梨木虱的空间分布和抽样技术[J].植物保护,2004,30(1):69-71.
[20] JENSER G,SZITA E,BALINT J. Measuring pear psylla population density(Cacopsylla pyri L. and C. pyricola F9rster):Review of previous methods and evaluation of a new technique[J]. North-Western Journal of Zoology,2010,6(1):54-62.
[21] ROBERT P,RAIMBAULT T,LEZEC M L,et al. Resistance of some pyrus communis cultivars and pyrus hybrids to the pear psylla Cacopsylla pyri(Homoptera,Psyllidae)[J]. Acta Horticulturae,2005,671:571-575.
[22]王洁雯,刘奇志,郭黄萍,等.梨园物候及温度与中国梨喀木虱发生期关系研究[J].北方园艺,2015(14):118-121.
[23]董阳辉,钱剑锐,何铁海,等.南方伏旱高温气候对中国梨木虱发生的影响[J].中国南方果树,2009,38(3):60-61.
[24]王耀树.辽西半干旱地区梨木虱的发生规律及综合防治技术[J].北方果树,2012(2):35-36.
[2] FOTIRIC AKSIC M M,DABIC D Cˇ,GASˇIC U M,et al.Polyphenolic profile of pear leaves with different resistance to pear psylla(Cacopsylla pyri)[J]. Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,2015,63(34):7476-7486.
[3]李大乱,张翠疃,苏海峰,等.中国梨木虱的危害及防治研究[J].林业科学研究,1994,6(7):666-670.
[4]张翠疃,徐国良,李大乱.梨树主要害虫梨木虱的研究综述[J].华北农学报,2003,18(S1):127-130.
[5]何凯,高晓阳,赵印勇,等.梨园作物间作与生物药剂对梨木虱及其捕食性天敌种群数量动态的协同调控作用[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(3):289-295.
[6] LIU S L,LIU H L,CHANG S C,et al. Phytoplasmas of two 16S r DNA groups are associated with pear decline in Taiwan[J]. Botanical Studies,2011,52(3):313-320.
[7] SEEMLLER E,SCHNEIDER B.‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’,‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’,the causal agents of apple proliferation, pear decline and European stone fruit yellows,respectively[J]. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2004,54(4):1217-1226.
[8] HILDEBRAND M,DICKLER E,GEIDER K. Occurrence of Erwinia amylovora on insects in a fire blight orchard[J]. Journal of Phytopathology,2000,148(4):251-256.
[9]宋备舟,王美超,孔云,等.梨园芳香植物间作区主要害虫及其天敌的相互关系[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(17):3590-3601.
[10]陈惠仙,方炳南.中国梨木虱的发生规律及防治技术[J].落叶果树,2002(3):57-59.
[11]王景涛,孙立祎,于利国,等.套袋梨园中国梨木虱发生特点及防治技术研究[J].华北农学报,2007,22(S2):243-246.
[12]孟昭礼,张振芳,刘波.中国梨木虱抗药性研究[J].莱阳农学院学报,1994,11(4):269-272.
[13] CROFT B A,BURTS E C,HEVANDE B,et al. Local and regional resistance to fenvalerate in Psylla pyricola Foerster(Homoptera:Psyllidae)in western North America[J]. Canadian Entomologist,1989,121(2):965-971.
[14] CIVOLANI S,PERETTO R,CAROLI L,et al. Preliminary resistance screening on abamectin in pear psylla(Hemiptera:Psyllidae)in northern Italy[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology,2007,100(5):1637-1641.
[15]宫亚军,康总江,石宝才,等.新型双向传导杀虫剂螺虫乙酯对梨木虱防治效果研究[J].中国森林病虫,2012,6(6):22-24.
[16] BAAN H E,CROFT B A,BURTS E C. Resistance to hepyrethroid fenvalerate in pear psylla,Psylla pyricola Foerster(Homoptera:Psyllidae)in the Northwestern USA[J]. Crop Protection,1990,9(3):185-189.
[17] SHALTIEL L,COLL M. Reduction of pear psylla damage by the predatory bug Anthocoris nemoralis(Heteroptera:Anthocoridae):The importance of orchard colonization time and neighboring vegetation[J]. Biocontrol Science and Technology,2004,14(8):811-821.
[18]李庆,蔡如希.温度和湿度同梨木虱生长发育和繁殖的关系[J].四川农业大学学报,1995,13(2):127-129.
[19]王立如,徐绍清,徐永江,等.中国梨木虱的空间分布和抽样技术[J].植物保护,2004,30(1):69-71.
[20] JENSER G,SZITA E,BALINT J. Measuring pear psylla population density(Cacopsylla pyri L. and C. pyricola F9rster):Review of previous methods and evaluation of a new technique[J]. North-Western Journal of Zoology,2010,6(1):54-62.
[21] ROBERT P,RAIMBAULT T,LEZEC M L,et al. Resistance of some pyrus communis cultivars and pyrus hybrids to the pear psylla Cacopsylla pyri(Homoptera,Psyllidae)[J]. Acta Horticulturae,2005,671:571-575.
[22]王洁雯,刘奇志,郭黄萍,等.梨园物候及温度与中国梨喀木虱发生期关系研究[J].北方园艺,2015(14):118-121.
[23]董阳辉,钱剑锐,何铁海,等.南方伏旱高温气候对中国梨木虱发生的影响[J].中国南方果树,2009,38(3):60-61.
[24]王耀树.辽西半干旱地区梨木虱的发生规律及综合防治技术[J].北方果树,2012(2):35-36.