高压共轨柴油机高海拔增压匹配的试验研究
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摘要
基于柴油机高海拔模拟试验系统,对高压共轨柴油机不同海拔动力性和经济性、压气机特性、压气机与柴油机联合运行线进行了研究.结果表明:随着海拔的升高,涡轮膨胀比及膨胀功均降低,压气机压比及效率逐渐下降,增压迟滞更加明显;废气放气阀开启时刻对应的柴油机转速升高,柴油机动力性及经济性下降.相同海拔下,压气机压比及效率在柴油机中低转速下随转速增加较快,在高转速时变化趋于平缓.此外,在海拔0～5 500 m,压气机与柴油机匹配良好,柴油机最大转矩工况点均位于压气机最高效率区.
On a high-altitude performance simulation test system for diesel engines,we investigated the power and economy characteristics,compressor characteristics,and joint operation line of a compressor and a highpressure common-rail diesel engine at different altitudes. The results show that as the altitude increased,both the turbo expansion ratio and expansion work decreased. The compressor pressure ratio and efficiency were gradually reduced and booster retardation was more obvious. The diesel engine speed corresponding to the timing of the opening of the exhaust-gas vent valve increased,and the diesel engine power and economy declined at high altitude. At the same altitude,the compressor pressure ratio and efficiency increased rapidly with increases in engine speed in the medium and low ranges. This change tended to be gentle at high speeds. In addition,at altitudes of 0 to 5 500 m,the compressor and diesel engine were well matched,and the maximum torque operating point of the diesel engine was located in the highest efficiency zone of the compressor.
On a high-altitude performance simulation test system for diesel engines,we investigated the power and economy characteristics,compressor characteristics,and joint operation line of a compressor and a highpressure common-rail diesel engine at different altitudes. The results show that as the altitude increased,both the turbo expansion ratio and expansion work decreased. The compressor pressure ratio and efficiency were gradually reduced and booster retardation was more obvious. The diesel engine speed corresponding to the timing of the opening of the exhaust-gas vent valve increased,and the diesel engine power and economy declined at high altitude. At the same altitude,the compressor pressure ratio and efficiency increased rapidly with increases in engine speed in the medium and low ranges. This change tended to be gentle at high speeds. In addition,at altitudes of 0 to 5 500 m,the compressor and diesel engine were well matched,and the maximum torque operating point of the diesel engine was located in the highest efficiency zone of the compressor.
引文
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[2]He C,Ge Y,Ma C,et al.Emission characteristics of a heavy-duty diesel engine at simulated high altitudes[J].Science of the Total Environment,2011,409(7):3138-3143.
[3]董素荣,刘瑞林,周广猛,等.共轨柴油机高海拔碳烟形成历程的数值模拟[J].燃烧科学与技术,2013,19(5):388-394.Dong Surong,Liu Ruilin,Zhou Guangmeng,et al.Numerical simulation of soot formation histories for common rail diesel engine at high altitude[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2013,19(5):388-394(in Chinese).
[4]张韦,吴伟,朱明,等.高原环境下EGR中各组分对柴油机性能的影响[J].燃烧科学与技术,2015,21(3):209-216.Zhang Wei,Wu Wei,Zhu Ming,et al.Effects of different components of EGR on performance of diesel under high altitude conditions[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2015,21(3):209-216(in Chinese).
[5]董素荣,刘瑞林,刘刚,等.涡轮增压与柴油机高海拔匹配试验[J].军事交通学院学报,2014,16(1):42-46.Dong Surong,Liu Ruilin,Liu Gang,et al.Matching experimental of turbocharger with diesel engine at high altitude[J].Journal of Military Transportation University,2014,16(1):42-46(in Chinese).
[6]毕玉华,刘伟,申立中,等.不同海拔下EGR对含氧燃料柴油机性能影响的试验研究[J].内燃机工程,2015,36(2):150-156.Bi Yuhua,Liu Wei,Shen Lizhong,et al.Experimental investigation on effect of EGR on the performance of a diesel engine fueled with oxygenated fuel at different altitudes[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2015,36(2):150-156(in Chinese).
[7]徐华平,石岩峰,张旭,等.某高原增压柴油机喷油提前角优化及性能研究[J].内燃机工程,2015,36(6):118-123.Xu Huaping,Shi Yanfeng,Zhang Xu,et al.Optimization of injection advance angle and performance research of turbocharged diesel engine at high altitude[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2015,36(6):118-123(in Chinese).
[8]董素荣,刘瑞琳,罗彬,等.利用富氧装置改善柴油机高海拔性能的试验研究[J].汽车技术,2015(5):58-62.Dong Surong,Liu Ruilin,Luo Bin,et al.An experimental study of enhancing the high altitude performance of turbocharged diesel engine with oxygen enriched device[J].Automobile Technology,2015(5):58-62(in Chinese).
[9]徐哲,倪计民.涡轮增压器与柴油机高原配合特性估算与应用[J].柴油机设计与制造,2014(3):7-13.Xu Zhe,Ni Jimin.Estimation and application of turbocharger characteristics with diesel engine at plateau regions[J].Design&Manufacture of Diesel Engine,2014(3):7-13(in Chinese).
[10]蒋德明.内燃机的涡轮增压[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1986.Jiang Deming.Turbocharging of Internal Combustion Engine[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,1986(in Chinese).
[11]徐斌,薄东,尧辉.高原发动机涡轮增压的效率修正计算[J].车用发动机,2009(6):7-10.Xu Bin,Bo Dong,Yao Hui.Correction computation of efficiency of turbocharged diesel engine at high altitude[J].Vehicle Engine,2009(6):7-10(in Chinese).