基于Chirp激励的管道污垢超声导波检测频率优化选择研究
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摘要
采用传统的单频信号作为污垢管道导波激励信号,须进行反复多频测试以确定最佳检测频率,存在一定盲目性以及时间、资源耗费等问题,提出一种宽单频转换算法,在采用宽频chirp信号作为污垢管道超声导波激励信号基础上,利用该算法对其响应信号进行后处理,可获得其频带范围内等同于单频信号激励时的响应,通过对比不同频率导波响应的能量分布及模态纯度确定最佳检测频率,并结合时频分析方法,根据污垢管道宽频响应能量分布情况快速确定合适的检测频率区间。仿真分析及实验研究表明:中心频率175 kHz最适合于所考察污垢管道导波检测,利用该方法确定污垢管道最佳导波检测频率的过程在减少采集时间的同时解决了多频测试的需要,为利用导波方法实现管道污垢由"点"到"线"的检测奠定了的基础。
It is required to conduct repeated multi-frequency test to determine the best detection frequency when taking traditional tone burst as the guided wave excitation of dirt pipe, which had problems of blindness, time and resources consuming. A conversion algorithm from broadband chirp to tone burst was put forward based on broadband chirp guided wave excitation of dirt pipe. All tone burst responses in the broadband of chirp signal is similarly extracted during post-processing. The best detection frequency was determined through the comparing energy distribution and modal purity of the different frequency guided wave responses that it was calculated from the chirp response, and combined with time-frequency analysis method to determine the appropriate waveguide frequency interval according to the distribution of the response waveform energy of the dirt pipe. It had shown from simulation analysis and experiment studies that: the center frequency of about 175 kHz was the most appropriate for guided wave detection of investigating dirt pipe. The method could determine the best guided wave detection frequency of dirt addresses both test at multi-frequency and minimize acquisition time, which would lay a foundation for achieving guided wave detection from the ‘point' to ‘line' of the pipe dirt.
It is required to conduct repeated multi-frequency test to determine the best detection frequency when taking traditional tone burst as the guided wave excitation of dirt pipe, which had problems of blindness, time and resources consuming. A conversion algorithm from broadband chirp to tone burst was put forward based on broadband chirp guided wave excitation of dirt pipe. All tone burst responses in the broadband of chirp signal is similarly extracted during post-processing. The best detection frequency was determined through the comparing energy distribution and modal purity of the different frequency guided wave responses that it was calculated from the chirp response, and combined with time-frequency analysis method to determine the appropriate waveguide frequency interval according to the distribution of the response waveform energy of the dirt pipe. It had shown from simulation analysis and experiment studies that: the center frequency of about 175 kHz was the most appropriate for guided wave detection of investigating dirt pipe. The method could determine the best guided wave detection frequency of dirt addresses both test at multi-frequency and minimize acquisition time, which would lay a foundation for achieving guided wave detection from the ‘point' to ‘line' of the pipe dirt.
引文
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[16] 郑阳,何存富,吴斌.Chirp 信号及其在超声导波检测中的应用[J].仪器仪表学报,2013,34(3):552-558.ZHENG Yang,HE CunFu,WU Bin.Chirp signal and its application in ultrasonic guided wave inspection[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2013,34(3):552-558(In Chinese).
[17] 邓菲,陈洪磊,张僖.基于宽频激励的管型结构导波检测[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(18):23-28.DENG Fei,CHEN HongLei,ZhANG Xi.Pipe structure detection based on broadband guided wave excitation[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(18):23-28(In Chinese).
[2] ROSE J L.Guided wave nuances for ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation[J].Ultrasonics,Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control,IEEE Transactions,2000,47(3):575-583.
[3] 钟凯慧,张伟伟,马宏伟.利用纵向导波进行管道裂纹参数识别的实验研究[J].机械强度,2012(6):854-861.ZHONG KaiHui,ZHANG WeiWei,MA HongWei.Experimental research of crack parameter identification in pipes using ultrasonic longitudinal guided-wave[J].Journal of Mechanical Strength,2012(6):854-861(In Chinese).
[4] 何存富,郑明方,吕炎,等.超声导波检测技术的发展、应用与挑战[J].仪器仪表学报,2016,37(8):1713-1735.HE CunFu,ZHENG MingFang,LV Yan,et al.Development,applications and challenges in ultrasonic guided waves testing technology[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2016,37(8):1713-1735(In Chinese).
[5] 何存富,刘青青,焦敬品,等.基于振动模态分析的钢轨中超声导波传播特性数值计算方法[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(3):9-13.HE CunFu,LIU QingQing,JIAO JingPin,et al.Propagation characterastics of ultrasonic guided wave in rails based on vibration modal analysis[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(3):9-13(In Chinese).
[6] 董为荣,帅健,许葵.管道腐蚀缺陷超声导波检测数值模拟研究[J].机械强度,2008,30(6):988-993.DONG WeiRong,SHUAI Jian,XU Kui.Numerical simulation study of corrosion detection in pipes using ultrasonic guided waves[J].Journal of Mechanical Strength,2008,30(6):988-993(In Chinese).
[7] 武静,张伟伟,聂振华,等.基于Lyapunov指数的管道超声导波小缺陷定位实验研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(1):40-53.WU Jing,ZHANG WeiWeii,NIE ZhenHua,et al.Test for detecting crack locations in a pipe with ultrasonic guided wave based on Lyapunov exponent[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(1):40-53(In Chinese).
[8] ROSE J L.固体中的超声波[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:125-140.ROSE J L.Ultrasonic waves in solid media[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004:125-140(In Chinese).
[9] 刘增华,吴斌,李隆涛,等.管道超声导波检测中信号选取的实验研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2006,32(8):699-703.LIU ZengHua,WU Bin,LI LongTao,et al.Experimental study on signal choice for ultrasonic guided wave inspection in pipes[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2006,32(8):699-703(In Chinese).
[10] 李一博,靳世久,孙立瑛,等.超声导波管道检测中导波模态及频率的选择[J].天津大学学报,2006,39(5):143-147.LI YiBo,JIN ShiJiu,SUN LiYing,et al.Wave mode and frequency selection of ultrasonic guided waves pipe inspection technology[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2006,39(5):143-147(In Chinese).
[11] 王悦民,沈立华,申传俊,等.管道导波无损检测频率选择与管材特征关系[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(8):243-248.WANG YueMin,SHEN LiHua,SHEN ChuanJun,et al.Relationship between frequency selection and pipe characteristics for guided waves NDT[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2009,45(8):243-248(In Chinese).
[12] 马书义,武湛君,刘科海,等.空心圆管中导波频散特性与检测频率选择[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(20):8-17.MA ShuYi,WU ZhanJun,LIU KeHai,et al.Dispersion characteristics and inspection frequency selection of ultrasonic guided waves in hollow cylinders[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(20):8-17(In Chinese).
[13] Croxford A J,Putkis O,Wilcox P D.Efficient guided wave SHM baseline capture and selection[C].Proceedings of the 8th international Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring,2011:2067-2074.
[14] MICHAELS J E,LEE S J,HALL J S,et al.Multi-mode and multi-frequency guided wave imaging via chirp excitation[C].Proceedings of SPIE,Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems,2011:1-11.
[15] MICHAELS J E,LEE S J,COXFORD A J,et al.Chirp excitation of ultrasonic guided waves[J].Ultrasonic,2013,53(1):265-270.
[16] 郑阳,何存富,吴斌.Chirp 信号及其在超声导波检测中的应用[J].仪器仪表学报,2013,34(3):552-558.ZHENG Yang,HE CunFu,WU Bin.Chirp signal and its application in ultrasonic guided wave inspection[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2013,34(3):552-558(In Chinese).
[17] 邓菲,陈洪磊,张僖.基于宽频激励的管型结构导波检测[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(18):23-28.DENG Fei,CHEN HongLei,ZhANG Xi.Pipe structure detection based on broadband guided wave excitation[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(18):23-28(In Chinese).