鸭颈胸椎数目变异与其相关性状遗传参数估计
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摘要
旨在估计鸭颈椎、胸椎及相关性状的遗传参数,为未来选育北京鸭鸭脖与胸肌率性状提供依据。本试验以北京鸭×绿头野鸭F2代资源群体405只鸭(50♂、355♀)为研究材料,于49周龄屠宰,统计颈椎数、胸椎数、体长、体重、颈长、颈重、颈围、颈长/体长、颈重率、龙骨长、胸肌重和胸肌率,使用MTDFREML软件估计各性状的遗传参数。研究表明,颈、胸椎数变异在不同群体之间有所差异。鸭的颈椎数、胸椎数、体长、体重、颈长、颈重、颈围、颈长/体长、颈重率、龙骨长、胸肌重和胸肌率的遗传力分别是0.08、0.65、0.49、0.47、0.36、0.45、0.38、0.18、0.43、0.55、0.40和0.48。颈椎数和颈长、颈重、颈重率之间存在显著的正向遗传相关(0.40、0.13和0.23)和表型相关(0.29、0.17和0.19),颈椎数对鸭的颈长、颈重、颈重率均有显著影响(P<0.05)。胸椎数与龙骨长、胸肌率之间不存在显著遗传相关(0.01、0.03)和表型相关(0.05、-0.05),胸椎数对鸭的龙骨长、胸肌率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。而龙骨长和胸肌重、胸肌率之间有显著的正向遗传相关(0.72、0.11)和表型相关(0.49、0.32)。结果表明,鸭群体中存在颈、胸椎数目变异;通过选择增加群体的颈椎数量可以提高鸭脖的重量;选择增加群体的胸椎数量不能直接提高胸肌率指标,而通过测量龙骨长指标选择提高胸肌率的方法是可靠的。
This study was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters of cervical vertebrae and thoracic vertebrae related traits of ducks, in order to provide a reference for future duck breeding for neck and breast meat yield of Pekin duck. 405 ducks(50 males and 355 females) from the F2 resource population of Pekin duck × mallards were used as research materials for genetic parameters estimation with MTDFREML program. Traits including cervical vertebrae number(CVN), thoracic vertebrae number(TVN), body length(BL), body weight(BW), neck length(NL), neck weight(NW), neck circumference(NC), NL/BL, neck weight percentage(NWP), keel length(KL), breast meat weight(BMW) and breast meat weight percentage(BMWP) were detected and analyzed after slaughtered at 49 weeks of age. The results showed that cervical and thoracic vertebrae number variations were different in different duck populations. The heritability estimated for CVN, TVN, BL, BW, NL, NW, NC, NL/BL, NWP, KL, BMW and BMWP were 0.08, 0.65, 0.49, 0.47, 0.36, 0.45, 0.38, 0.18, 0.43, 0.55, 0.40 and 0.48, respectively. CVN had significant genetic and phenotypic correlation with NL(0.40 and 0.29), NW(0.13 and 0.17) and NWP(0.23 and 0.19). CVN significantly affected NW, NL and NWP(P<0.05). In contrast with CVN, TVN showed no significant genetic and phenotypic correlations with KL(0.01 and 0.05) and BMWP(0.03 and-0.05). KL and BMWP of ducks with different TVN both showed no significant difference(P>0.05). The genetic and phenotypic correlations of KL with BMW(0.72 and 0.49) and BMWP(0.11 and 0.32) were positive and significant. In conclusion, there existed cervical and thoracic vertebrae number variation in duck populations. Selection on cervical vertebrae number could improve the neck yield indirectly, while selection on thoracic vertebrae number could not increase the yield of the breast meat. Besides that, the study also verified that the selection on keel length could improve breast meat yield.
This study was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters of cervical vertebrae and thoracic vertebrae related traits of ducks, in order to provide a reference for future duck breeding for neck and breast meat yield of Pekin duck. 405 ducks(50 males and 355 females) from the F2 resource population of Pekin duck × mallards were used as research materials for genetic parameters estimation with MTDFREML program. Traits including cervical vertebrae number(CVN), thoracic vertebrae number(TVN), body length(BL), body weight(BW), neck length(NL), neck weight(NW), neck circumference(NC), NL/BL, neck weight percentage(NWP), keel length(KL), breast meat weight(BMW) and breast meat weight percentage(BMWP) were detected and analyzed after slaughtered at 49 weeks of age. The results showed that cervical and thoracic vertebrae number variations were different in different duck populations. The heritability estimated for CVN, TVN, BL, BW, NL, NW, NC, NL/BL, NWP, KL, BMW and BMWP were 0.08, 0.65, 0.49, 0.47, 0.36, 0.45, 0.38, 0.18, 0.43, 0.55, 0.40 and 0.48, respectively. CVN had significant genetic and phenotypic correlation with NL(0.40 and 0.29), NW(0.13 and 0.17) and NWP(0.23 and 0.19). CVN significantly affected NW, NL and NWP(P<0.05). In contrast with CVN, TVN showed no significant genetic and phenotypic correlations with KL(0.01 and 0.05) and BMWP(0.03 and-0.05). KL and BMWP of ducks with different TVN both showed no significant difference(P>0.05). The genetic and phenotypic correlations of KL with BMW(0.72 and 0.49) and BMWP(0.11 and 0.32) were positive and significant. In conclusion, there existed cervical and thoracic vertebrae number variation in duck populations. Selection on cervical vertebrae number could improve the neck yield indirectly, while selection on thoracic vertebrae number could not increase the yield of the breast meat. Besides that, the study also verified that the selection on keel length could improve breast meat yield.
引文
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[15] DARWIN C.The variation of animals and plants under domestication[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2010.
[16] 侯水生,黄苇,樊红平,等.北京鸭胸肌厚度与屠体性能指标的相关关系研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2004,35(4):395-398.HOU S S,HUANG W,FAN H P,et al.Correlation of breast muscle thickness measured with ultrasound scanner and carcass trait[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2004,35(4):395-398.(in Chinese)
[17] XU Y X,HU J,ZHANG Y S,et al.Selection response and estimation of the genetic parameters for multidimensional measured breast meat yield related traits in a long-term breeding Pekin duck line[J].Asian-Australas J Anim Sci,2018,31(10):1575-1580.
[18] 侯水生.2017年水禽产业发展现状、未来发展趋势与建议[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(3):144-148.HOU S S.Current situation,future development trend and Suggestions of waterfowl industry in 2017[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2018,54(3):144-148.(in Chinese)
[19] ZHOU Z K,LI M,CHENG H,et al.An intercross population study reveals genes associated with body size and plumage color in ducks[J].Nat Commun,2018,9(1):2648.
[20] BOLDMAN K G,KRIESE L A,VAN VLECK L D,et al.A manual for use of MTDFREML.A set of programs to obtain estimates of variances and covariances[M].USA:US Department of Agriculture,Agricultural Research Service,Clay Center,1995.
[21] 梁艳婷.家禽骨骼、肌肉和被皮的解剖特点[J].养殖技术顾问,2013(3):115.LIANG Y T.Anatomical features of poultry bones,muscles and skins[J].Technical Advisor for Animal Husbandry,2013(3):115.(in Chinese)
[22] XU T S,LIU X L,HUANG W,et al.Estimates of genetic parameters for body weight and carcass composition in Pekin ducks[J].J Anim Vet Adv,2011,10(1):23-28.
[23] 张丽,侯水生,刘小林,等.北京鸭生长发育性状遗传参数的估计[J].中国家禽,2006,28(3):18-20.ZHANG L,HOU S S,LIU X L,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters on growth traits of Peking ducks[J].China Poultry,2006,28(3):18-20.(in Chinese)
[24] 范寅.鉴别猪7号染色体影响脊椎数变异的因果突变位点[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2014.FAN Y.Identification of the causative mutation underlying the QTL for vertebral numbers on pig chromosome7[D].Nanchang:Jiangxi Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[25] KING J W B,ROBERTS R C.Carcass length in the bacon pig;its association with vertebrae numbers and prediction from radiographs of the young pig[J].Anim Sci,1960,2(1):59-65.
[26] 张立岭,斯琴毕力格.动物脊柱的进化与蒙古羊脊椎间的关系[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1997,18(3):1-6.ZHANG L L,SQINBILIG.Relationship between the evolution of animal vertebral column and the variation of vertebrea in Mongolian sheep[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Institute of Agriculture & Animal Husbandry,1997,18(3):1-6.(in Chinese)
[2] YANG J,HUANG L S,YANG M.Possible introgression of theVRTN mutation increasing vertebral number,carcass length and teat number from Chinese pigs into European pigs[J].Sci Rep,2017,6:19240.
[3] 黄洁萍,张明明,马云,等.家畜多脊椎性状研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(8):2386-2391.HUANG J P,ZHANG M M,MA Y,et al.Research progress on multi-vertebral trait in livestock[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(8):2386-2391.(in Chinese)
[4] 张立岭,斯琴毕力格,张世铨.多脊椎蒙古羊的胸腰椎长度对产肉性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,1998,34(3):24-25.ZHANG L L,SQINBILIG,ZHANG S Q.The effect of the length of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae on the meat production performance of multi-vertebrate Mongolian sheep[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,1998,34(3):24-25.(in Chinese)
[5] ROHRER G A,KEELE J W.Identification of quantitative trait loci affecting carcass composition in swine:I.Fat deposition traits[J].J Anim Sci,1998,76(9):2247-2254.
[6] FAN Y,XING Y Y,ZHANG Z Y,et al.A further look at porcine chromosome 7 reveals VRTN variants associated with vertebral number in Chinese and western pigs[J].PLoS One,2013,8(4):e62534.
[7] SATO S,OYAMADA Y,ATSUJI K,et al.Quantitative trait loci analysis for growth and carcass traits in a Meishan × Duroc F2 resource population[J].J Anim Sci,2003,81(12):2938-2949.
[8] WADA Y,AKITA T,AWATA T,et al.Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis in a Meishan×G?ttingen cross population[J].Anim Genet,2000,31(6):376-384.
[9] BORCHERS N,REINSCH N,KALM E.The number of ribs and vertebrae in a Piétrain cross:variation,heritability and effects on performance traits[J].J Anim Breed Genet,2004,121(6):392-403.
[10] MIKAWA S,SATO S,NII M,et al.Identification of a second gene associated with variation in vertebral number in domestic pigs[J].BMC Genet,2011,12:5.
[11] 谢荣清,罗晓林,安得科,等.金川多肋牦牛的多肋鉴别[J].草业与畜牧,2013,211(6):39-42.XIE R Q,LUO X L,AN D K,et al.A method of multicostate determination in Jinchuan multicostate yak[J].Prataculture & Animal Husbandry,2013,211(6):39-42.(in Chinese)
[12] 韩浩园,王绍强,黄洁萍,等.秦川牛多脊椎性状调查[J].中国牛业科学,2013,39(6):78-79,81.HAN H Y,WANG S Q,HUANG J P,et al.Investigation of multi-vertebral trait in Qinchuan cattle[J].China Cattle Science,2013,39(6):78-79,81.(in Chinese)
[13] 张立岭,罗旭光,斯琴毕力格,等.多脊椎蒙古羊的胸腰椎长度及其产肉性能分析[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1998,19(3):1-5.ZHANG L L,LUO X G,SQINBILIG,et al.The lengths of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and the performance of Mongolia sheep[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Institute of Agriculture & Animal Husbandry,1998,19(3):1-5.(in Chinese)
[14] 刘建明,孙少华,韩立霞,等.ActRⅡB基因单核苷酸多态性与小尾寒羊多脊椎变异的关联研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2010,41(8):951-954.LIU J M,SUN S H,HAN L X,et al.Association between single nucleotide polymorphism of ActRⅡB gene and vertebra number variation in Small Tail Han sheep[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2010,41(8):951-954.(in Chinese)
[15] DARWIN C.The variation of animals and plants under domestication[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2010.
[16] 侯水生,黄苇,樊红平,等.北京鸭胸肌厚度与屠体性能指标的相关关系研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2004,35(4):395-398.HOU S S,HUANG W,FAN H P,et al.Correlation of breast muscle thickness measured with ultrasound scanner and carcass trait[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2004,35(4):395-398.(in Chinese)
[17] XU Y X,HU J,ZHANG Y S,et al.Selection response and estimation of the genetic parameters for multidimensional measured breast meat yield related traits in a long-term breeding Pekin duck line[J].Asian-Australas J Anim Sci,2018,31(10):1575-1580.
[18] 侯水生.2017年水禽产业发展现状、未来发展趋势与建议[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(3):144-148.HOU S S.Current situation,future development trend and Suggestions of waterfowl industry in 2017[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2018,54(3):144-148.(in Chinese)
[19] ZHOU Z K,LI M,CHENG H,et al.An intercross population study reveals genes associated with body size and plumage color in ducks[J].Nat Commun,2018,9(1):2648.
[20] BOLDMAN K G,KRIESE L A,VAN VLECK L D,et al.A manual for use of MTDFREML.A set of programs to obtain estimates of variances and covariances[M].USA:US Department of Agriculture,Agricultural Research Service,Clay Center,1995.
[21] 梁艳婷.家禽骨骼、肌肉和被皮的解剖特点[J].养殖技术顾问,2013(3):115.LIANG Y T.Anatomical features of poultry bones,muscles and skins[J].Technical Advisor for Animal Husbandry,2013(3):115.(in Chinese)
[22] XU T S,LIU X L,HUANG W,et al.Estimates of genetic parameters for body weight and carcass composition in Pekin ducks[J].J Anim Vet Adv,2011,10(1):23-28.
[23] 张丽,侯水生,刘小林,等.北京鸭生长发育性状遗传参数的估计[J].中国家禽,2006,28(3):18-20.ZHANG L,HOU S S,LIU X L,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters on growth traits of Peking ducks[J].China Poultry,2006,28(3):18-20.(in Chinese)
[24] 范寅.鉴别猪7号染色体影响脊椎数变异的因果突变位点[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2014.FAN Y.Identification of the causative mutation underlying the QTL for vertebral numbers on pig chromosome7[D].Nanchang:Jiangxi Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[25] KING J W B,ROBERTS R C.Carcass length in the bacon pig;its association with vertebrae numbers and prediction from radiographs of the young pig[J].Anim Sci,1960,2(1):59-65.
[26] 张立岭,斯琴毕力格.动物脊柱的进化与蒙古羊脊椎间的关系[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1997,18(3):1-6.ZHANG L L,SQINBILIG.Relationship between the evolution of animal vertebral column and the variation of vertebrea in Mongolian sheep[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Institute of Agriculture & Animal Husbandry,1997,18(3):1-6.(in Chinese)