不同形式节理的岩质边坡失稳演化离散元分析
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摘要
为研究不同形式的节理边坡的破坏机理,将考虑胶结尺寸的微观接触模型植入离散元软件,基于重力增加法实现边坡失稳演化过程的模拟,从边坡形态、胶结破坏分布、滑体运动等方面进行分析.模拟结果表明,顺层岩质边坡为共面节理发生贯通破坏形成滑动面,反倾岩质边坡为非共面节理发生贯通破坏形成滑裂面;两种岩质边坡坡脚均为薄弱区,顺层岩质边坡坡面中部区域和反倾岩质边坡坡肩区域为危险区域;离散元模拟岩质边坡可用安全系数评价边坡稳定性,较极平衡法能更真实地反映岩体间的相互作用和边坡破坏的渐进过程.
In order to investigate the failure mechanism of slopes with different types of joints, the contact model considering the bond size was implanted into the distinct element method(DEM) software. Based on the gravity increasing method, the failure processes were simulated, and the slope configuration, the distribution of bond breakage, and the movement of slip masses were analyzed. The results show that the sliding surface is formed from the failure of coplanar joint in the bedding rock slope, while the non-coplanar joint in the toppling rock slope. The toe of the slope is a weak area in both the bedding and toppling rock slope. Besides, the mid area near the slope surface in the bedding rock slope as well as the slope shoulder area in the toppling rock slope are flimsy. In addition, the DEM simulation is able to evaluate the stability of the slope like the limit equilibrium methods and better reflect the forces among rock fragments and the gradual failure process.
In order to investigate the failure mechanism of slopes with different types of joints, the contact model considering the bond size was implanted into the distinct element method(DEM) software. Based on the gravity increasing method, the failure processes were simulated, and the slope configuration, the distribution of bond breakage, and the movement of slip masses were analyzed. The results show that the sliding surface is formed from the failure of coplanar joint in the bedding rock slope, while the non-coplanar joint in the toppling rock slope. The toe of the slope is a weak area in both the bedding and toppling rock slope. Besides, the mid area near the slope surface in the bedding rock slope as well as the slope shoulder area in the toppling rock slope are flimsy. In addition, the DEM simulation is able to evaluate the stability of the slope like the limit equilibrium methods and better reflect the forces among rock fragments and the gradual failure process.
引文
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[14] CIANTIA M O, CASTELLANZA R, PRISCO C D. Experimental study on the water-induced weakening of calcarenites[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2015, 48(2): 441.
[15] PARMA M, NOVA R. Effects of bond crushing on the settlements of shallow foundations on soft rocks[J]. Géotechnique, 2011, 61(3): 247.
[16] 陈贺. 岩石宏微观力学特性及高陡岩质边坡的离散元数值模拟[D]. 上海: 同济大学, 2013. CHEN He. Macro- and micro- mechanical behaviors of rock and simulation of high-steep rock slope by distinct element method[D]. Shanghai: Tongji University, 2013.
[17] JIANG M J, KONRAD J M, LEROUEIL S. An efficient technique for generating homogeneous specimens for DEM studies[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2013, 30(7): 579.
[18] ASADI M S, RASOULI V, BARLA G. A bonded particle model simulation of shear strength and asperity degradation for rough rock fractures[J]. Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering, 2012, 45(5):649.
[19] SCHOLTES L, DONZE F V. Modelling progressive failure in fractured rock masses using a 3D discrete element method[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science, 2012, 52: 18.
[20] SWAN C C, SEO Y K. Limit state analysis of earthen of slopes using dual continuum/FEM approaches[J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 1999, 23(12): 1359.
[21] 周健,王家全,曾远, 等.颗粒流强度折减法和重力增加法的边坡安全系数研究[J]. 岩土力学,2009,30(6): 1549. ZHOU Jian, WANG Jiaquan, ZENG Yuan, et al. Slope safety factor by methods of particle flow code strength reduction and gravity increase[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2009,30(6): 1549.
[22] 贺续文,刘忠,廖彪,等. 基于离散元法的节理岩体边坡稳定性分析[J]. 岩土力学,2011, 32(7):2199. HE Xuwen, LIU Zhong, LIAO Biao, et al. Stability analysis of jointed rock slope based on discrete element method[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2011, 32(7):2199.
[2] 刘小丽, 周德培. 用弹性板理论分析顺层岩质边坡的失稳[J]. 岩土力学, 2002, 23(2):162. LIU Xiaoli, ZHOU Depei. Stability analysis of layered dip rocky slopes with elastic plane theory[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2002, 23(2): 162.
[3] 陈从新, 黄平路, 卢增木. 岩层倾角影响顺层岩石边坡稳定性的模型试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2007, 28(3): 476. CHEN Congxin, HUANG Pinglu, LU Zengmu. Study on correlation between stability of consequent rock slope and obliquity of rock layer by simulation experiment[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2007, 28(3): 476.
[4] 李祥龙, 唐辉明, 王立朝. 顺层岩体边坡地震动力破坏离心机试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2014, 33(4): 729. LI Xianglong, TANG Huiming, WANG Lichao. Centrifuge modelling tests on dynamic failure of bedding rock slopes[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2014, 33(4): 729.
[5] 左保成, 陈从新, 刘小巍, 等. 反倾岩质边坡破坏机理模型试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2005, 24(19): 3505. ZUO Baocheng, CHEN Congxin, LIU Xiaowei, et al. Modeling experiment study on failure mechanism of counter-tilt rock slope[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005, 24(19): 3505.
[6] 苏立海, 李婉, 李宁. 反倾层状岩质边坡破坏机制研究——以锦屏一级水电站左岸边坡为例[J]. 四川建筑科学研究, 2012, 38(1): 109. SU Lihai, LI Wan, LI Ning. Study on losing stability mechanism of flare rock slope—a case study of the left bank slope of Jinping first-stage hydropower station[J]. Sichuan Building Science, 2012, 38(1): 109.
[7] CUNDALL P A, STRACK O D. A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies[J]. Géotechnique, 1979, 29(1): 47.
[8] NISHIMURA T, FUKUDA T, TSUJINO K. Distinct element analysis for progressive failure in rock slope[J]. Soils & Foundations, 2010, 50(4): 505.
[9] JIANG M J, JIANG T, CROSTA G B, et al. Modeling failure of jointed rock slope with two main joint sets using a novel DEM bond contact model[J]. Engineering Geology, 2015, 193:79.
[10] 杨忠平, 刘树林, 刘永权, 等. 反复微震作用下顺层及反倾岩质边坡的动力稳定性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2017,40(7):1277. YANG Zhongping, LIU Shulin, LIU Yongquan, et al. Dynamic stability analysis of bedding and toppling rock slopes under repeated micro-seismic action[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,40(7):1277.
[11] JIANG M J, ZHANG N, CUI L, et al. A size-dependent bond failure criterion for cemented granules based on experimental studies[J]. Computers & Geotechnics, 2015, 69:182.
[12] 蒋明镜, 刘蔚, 孙亚, 等. 考虑环境劣化非贯通节理岩体的直剪试验离散元模拟[J]. 岩土力学, 2017,38(9):2728. JIANG Mingjing, LIU Wei, SUN Ya, et al. Discrete element simulation of direct shear test on rock mass containing discontinuous joints with environmental degradation[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2017,38(9):2728.
[13] 张宁. 岩石化学风化微观机理及岩质边坡稳定性的离散元分析[D]. 上海: 同济大学, 2014. ZHANG Ning. DEM analysis of the micro-mechanical behavior of chemical weathering on the rock and stability of rock slope[D]. Shanghai: Tongji University, 2014.
[14] CIANTIA M O, CASTELLANZA R, PRISCO C D. Experimental study on the water-induced weakening of calcarenites[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2015, 48(2): 441.
[15] PARMA M, NOVA R. Effects of bond crushing on the settlements of shallow foundations on soft rocks[J]. Géotechnique, 2011, 61(3): 247.
[16] 陈贺. 岩石宏微观力学特性及高陡岩质边坡的离散元数值模拟[D]. 上海: 同济大学, 2013. CHEN He. Macro- and micro- mechanical behaviors of rock and simulation of high-steep rock slope by distinct element method[D]. Shanghai: Tongji University, 2013.
[17] JIANG M J, KONRAD J M, LEROUEIL S. An efficient technique for generating homogeneous specimens for DEM studies[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2013, 30(7): 579.
[18] ASADI M S, RASOULI V, BARLA G. A bonded particle model simulation of shear strength and asperity degradation for rough rock fractures[J]. Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering, 2012, 45(5):649.
[19] SCHOLTES L, DONZE F V. Modelling progressive failure in fractured rock masses using a 3D discrete element method[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science, 2012, 52: 18.
[20] SWAN C C, SEO Y K. Limit state analysis of earthen of slopes using dual continuum/FEM approaches[J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 1999, 23(12): 1359.
[21] 周健,王家全,曾远, 等.颗粒流强度折减法和重力增加法的边坡安全系数研究[J]. 岩土力学,2009,30(6): 1549. ZHOU Jian, WANG Jiaquan, ZENG Yuan, et al. Slope safety factor by methods of particle flow code strength reduction and gravity increase[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2009,30(6): 1549.
[22] 贺续文,刘忠,廖彪,等. 基于离散元法的节理岩体边坡稳定性分析[J]. 岩土力学,2011, 32(7):2199. HE Xuwen, LIU Zhong, LIAO Biao, et al. Stability analysis of jointed rock slope based on discrete element method[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2011, 32(7):2199.