渤海湾条斑紫菜养殖的初步研究
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摘要
本文对2017年11月下旬至2018年5月上旬在渤海湾养殖的条斑紫菜进行整个生长周期(1月中旬-3月中旬结冰期除外)的取样调查,并对其生长的海域环境因子进行实时监测。通过对头茬紫菜的生长状况与环境因子数据进行分析,初步证实,条斑紫菜适宜在渤海湾海域生长,水温、盐度、pH和亚硝酸盐是限制其生长的重要环境因子,如若在该海域环境条件适宜时及时张挂网帘,其生长期可延长至5个月左右。调查还发现,如何渡过冬季结冰期是该海域条斑紫菜养殖亟待解决的关键问题,本文亦提出两种方案,效果如何还有待进一步试验论证。
Sampling survey was carried out on the whole growth cycle of Porphyra yezoensis breeding in Bohai Bay from late November 2017 to early May 2018 except the ice period from mid-January to mid-March next year, and the marine environment factor were monitored simultaneously. According to the analysis of the growth condition of P. yezoensis and the environmental factors, the preliminary results confirmed that P. yezoensis could grow well in Bohai Bay. The water temperature, salinity, pH and nitrite are important environmental factors limiting its growth. If hanging net curtain when environmental conditions in the area is suitable for the growth of P. yezoensis, its growth period will be extended to five months. Survey also found that streaking through the winter ice period is the key problem to be solved for P. yezoensis cultivation in the area. We proposed two strategies for solving this problem with their effectiveness waiting for being tested in further.
Sampling survey was carried out on the whole growth cycle of Porphyra yezoensis breeding in Bohai Bay from late November 2017 to early May 2018 except the ice period from mid-January to mid-March next year, and the marine environment factor were monitored simultaneously. According to the analysis of the growth condition of P. yezoensis and the environmental factors, the preliminary results confirmed that P. yezoensis could grow well in Bohai Bay. The water temperature, salinity, pH and nitrite are important environmental factors limiting its growth. If hanging net curtain when environmental conditions in the area is suitable for the growth of P. yezoensis, its growth period will be extended to five months. Survey also found that streaking through the winter ice period is the key problem to be solved for P. yezoensis cultivation in the area. We proposed two strategies for solving this problem with their effectiveness waiting for being tested in further.
引文
[1] 朱建一,严兴洪,等,中国紫菜原色图集[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016.11.
[2] 范晓,韩丽君,郑乃余.我国常见食用海藻的营养成分分析[J].青岛:中国海洋药物,1993,4:32-38.
[3] 曾呈奎,张德瑞.紫菜的研究I.甘紫菜的生活史[J].北京:植物学报,1954,3(1):287-302.
[4] 沈颂东,戴继勋,周立冉.条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)丝状体的超微结构观察[J].天津:海洋通报,2000,19(3):38-43.
[5] 李世英,崔广法.条斑紫菜单孢子和壳孢子幼苗生长发育的初步观察[J].青岛:海洋与湖沼,1980,11(4):370-373.
[6] 梅俊学,费修绠.条斑紫菜离体组织再生苗的研究[J].青岛:海洋与湖沼,2000,6:39-43.
[7] 任国忠,崔广法,费修绠.温度对条斑紫菜丝状体生长发育的影响[J].青岛:海洋与湖沼,1979,10(1):28-38.
[8] 何培民,王素娟.外界因素对条斑紫菜体细胞分化发育的影响-I.温度/光强实验[J].青岛:海洋科学,1991,4:61-65.
[9] 汤晓荣,费修绠,温度和光照对条斑紫菜壳孢子苗生长和单孢子形成放散的影响[J].上海:水产学报,1998,22(4):378-318.
[10] 张佑基,杨以勋,王清印,等.条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis Ueda)遗传和育种的研究[J].青岛:海洋湖沼通报,1985,4:44-51.
[11] 房恩军,李文抗,陈卫,等.渤海湾天津近海海域赤潮发生及防范措施[J].上海:现代渔业信息,2006,21 (2):15-17.
[12] 秦延文,孟伟,郑丙辉,等.渤海湾水环境氮、磷营养盐分布特点[J].北京:海洋学报,2005,27(2):172-175.
[13] 杨宇峰,费修绠.大型海藻对富营养化海水养殖区生物修复的研究与展望[J].青岛:青岛海洋大学学报,2003,33(1):53-57.
[14] Carmona R,Kraemer G P,Yarish C.Exploring Northeast American and Asian species of Porphyra for use in an integrated finfish-algal aquaculture system[J].Amsterdam :Aquaculture,2006,252(1) :54-65.
[15] Kraemer G P,Carmona P R,Chopin T,Neefus C,Tang X R,Yarish C.Evaluation of the bioremediatory potential of several species of the red alga Porphyra using short-term measurements of nitrogen uptake as a rapid bioassay[J].Galway:Journal of Applied Phycology,2004,16( 6) :489-497.
[16] GB 17378.4-2007 海洋监测规范.2007.
[17] 方国洪,等.潮汐和潮流的分析和预报[M].北京:海洋出版社,1986.
[18] 张占海,吴辉碇.渤海潮汐和潮流数值计算[J].北京:海洋预报,1994,11(1):48-54.
[19] 曾呈奎,吴超元,等.海带养殖学[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[20] 曾呈奎,张德瑞,李家俊.紫菜半人工采苗养殖试验初报[J].北京:科学通报,1959,(5):171.
[21] 马家海,张礼明,吉传礼,等.条斑紫菜冷藏网试验及其产品质量分析[J].上海:水产学报,1998,22:65-71.
[2] 范晓,韩丽君,郑乃余.我国常见食用海藻的营养成分分析[J].青岛:中国海洋药物,1993,4:32-38.
[3] 曾呈奎,张德瑞.紫菜的研究I.甘紫菜的生活史[J].北京:植物学报,1954,3(1):287-302.
[4] 沈颂东,戴继勋,周立冉.条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)丝状体的超微结构观察[J].天津:海洋通报,2000,19(3):38-43.
[5] 李世英,崔广法.条斑紫菜单孢子和壳孢子幼苗生长发育的初步观察[J].青岛:海洋与湖沼,1980,11(4):370-373.
[6] 梅俊学,费修绠.条斑紫菜离体组织再生苗的研究[J].青岛:海洋与湖沼,2000,6:39-43.
[7] 任国忠,崔广法,费修绠.温度对条斑紫菜丝状体生长发育的影响[J].青岛:海洋与湖沼,1979,10(1):28-38.
[8] 何培民,王素娟.外界因素对条斑紫菜体细胞分化发育的影响-I.温度/光强实验[J].青岛:海洋科学,1991,4:61-65.
[9] 汤晓荣,费修绠,温度和光照对条斑紫菜壳孢子苗生长和单孢子形成放散的影响[J].上海:水产学报,1998,22(4):378-318.
[10] 张佑基,杨以勋,王清印,等.条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis Ueda)遗传和育种的研究[J].青岛:海洋湖沼通报,1985,4:44-51.
[11] 房恩军,李文抗,陈卫,等.渤海湾天津近海海域赤潮发生及防范措施[J].上海:现代渔业信息,2006,21 (2):15-17.
[12] 秦延文,孟伟,郑丙辉,等.渤海湾水环境氮、磷营养盐分布特点[J].北京:海洋学报,2005,27(2):172-175.
[13] 杨宇峰,费修绠.大型海藻对富营养化海水养殖区生物修复的研究与展望[J].青岛:青岛海洋大学学报,2003,33(1):53-57.
[14] Carmona R,Kraemer G P,Yarish C.Exploring Northeast American and Asian species of Porphyra for use in an integrated finfish-algal aquaculture system[J].Amsterdam :Aquaculture,2006,252(1) :54-65.
[15] Kraemer G P,Carmona P R,Chopin T,Neefus C,Tang X R,Yarish C.Evaluation of the bioremediatory potential of several species of the red alga Porphyra using short-term measurements of nitrogen uptake as a rapid bioassay[J].Galway:Journal of Applied Phycology,2004,16( 6) :489-497.
[16] GB 17378.4-2007 海洋监测规范.2007.
[17] 方国洪,等.潮汐和潮流的分析和预报[M].北京:海洋出版社,1986.
[18] 张占海,吴辉碇.渤海潮汐和潮流数值计算[J].北京:海洋预报,1994,11(1):48-54.
[19] 曾呈奎,吴超元,等.海带养殖学[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[20] 曾呈奎,张德瑞,李家俊.紫菜半人工采苗养殖试验初报[J].北京:科学通报,1959,(5):171.
[21] 马家海,张礼明,吉传礼,等.条斑紫菜冷藏网试验及其产品质量分析[J].上海:水产学报,1998,22:65-71.