东海低渗气藏脉冲式加砂压裂技术
|
摘要
东海低渗储层常规加砂压裂后稳产时间短,产量递减快,高投入低产出矛盾突出,无法满足海上气田高效开发的需求。脉冲压裂工艺技术引入缝内非连续铺砂理念,通过脉冲加砂模式、多簇非均匀射孔及纤维伴注,确保支撑剂段塞运移的稳定性,最终在缝内形成非均匀砂柱和沟槽,大幅度提高裂缝导流能力。室内工程评价及模拟实验表明,在缝长保持不变情况下,总液量可降低20%,优化了脉冲间隔时间为1.0～2.5 min,纤维浓度为4‰。与常规压裂相比,提高了压后产量,降低了压裂液、支撑剂用量,减少了砂堵风险。从地质条件和作业能力两方面,论证了该技术在东海低渗气藏应用的可行性,为后期大规模开发提供新的增产手段。
Conventional sand fracturing in low permeability reservoirs in the East China Sea has shortly stable production period, rapid production decline, and prominent contradiction between high input and low output, which cannot meet the needs of efficient development of offshore gas fields. Pulse fracturing technology introduces the concept of discontinuous sanding in fracture. It can ensure the stability of proppant slug migration by means of pulse sanding mode, multi-cluster non-uniform perforation and fiber injection, thus forming non-uniform sand column and groove in fracture, and greatly improving fracture conductivity. The indoor engineering evaluation and simulation experiments shows that the total liquid volume can be reduced by 20% while the fracture length remain unchanged. Meanwhile, the pulse interval time has been optimized to be 1.0～2.5 min and the fiber concentration was 4‰. Compared with conventional fracturing, it increased production after fracturing, reduced the amount of fracturing fluid and proppant, and decreased the risk of sand plugging. This paper demonstrated the feasibility of the application of this technology in low permeability gas reservoirs in East China Sea Oilfield from two aspects of geological conditions and operational capacity and provided new means for stimulating production for large-scale development in the later stage.
Conventional sand fracturing in low permeability reservoirs in the East China Sea has shortly stable production period, rapid production decline, and prominent contradiction between high input and low output, which cannot meet the needs of efficient development of offshore gas fields. Pulse fracturing technology introduces the concept of discontinuous sanding in fracture. It can ensure the stability of proppant slug migration by means of pulse sanding mode, multi-cluster non-uniform perforation and fiber injection, thus forming non-uniform sand column and groove in fracture, and greatly improving fracture conductivity. The indoor engineering evaluation and simulation experiments shows that the total liquid volume can be reduced by 20% while the fracture length remain unchanged. Meanwhile, the pulse interval time has been optimized to be 1.0～2.5 min and the fiber concentration was 4‰. Compared with conventional fracturing, it increased production after fracturing, reduced the amount of fracturing fluid and proppant, and decreased the risk of sand plugging. This paper demonstrated the feasibility of the application of this technology in low permeability gas reservoirs in East China Sea Oilfield from two aspects of geological conditions and operational capacity and provided new means for stimulating production for large-scale development in the later stage.
引文
[1] 刘鹏,许杰,徐刚,等.渤中25-1油田低渗透储层水平井分段压裂先导试验[J].油气井测试,2018,27(3):52-57.Liu Peng,Xu Jie,Xu Gang,etal.Pilot test of horizontal well staged fracturing for low permeability reservoirs in BZ25-1 oilfield [J].Well Testing,2018,27(3):52-57.
[2] 李素珍,曾思云,邓效国,等.福山复杂断块油气藏大型压裂工艺技术[J].油气井测试,2019,28(1):60-66.LI Suzhen,ZENG Siyun,DENG Xiaoguo,et al.Large-scale fracturing technology for Fushan complex fault block oil and gas reservoir [J].Well Testing,2019,28(1):60-66.
[3] 鄢雪梅,李素珍,祝道平,等.海南福山复杂断块储层压裂技术研究[J].油气井测试,2016,25(2):37-40.YAN Xuemei,LI Suzhen,ZHU Daoping,et al.Fracturing technology research of complicated fault reservoir in Fushan block of Hainan [J].Well Testing,2016,25(2):37-40.
[4] GILLARD M R.MEDVEDEV O O,HOSEIN P R,et al.A new approach to generating fracture conductivity [J].Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism,2010,25:20-25.
[5] 吴顺林,李宪文,张矿生,等.一种实现裂缝高导流能力的脉冲加砂压裂新方法[J].断块油气田,2014,21(1):110-113.WU Shunlin,LI Xianwen,ZHANG Kuangsheng,et al.A new method of pulse sand fracturing to achieve high conductivity of fracture [J].Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2014,21(1):110-113.
[6] 温庆志,高金剑,黄波,等.通道压裂砂堤分布规律研究[J].特种油气藏,2014,21(4):89-92.WEN Qingzhi,GAO Jinjian,HUANG Bo,et al.Research on distribution pattern of sand bank for channel fracturing [J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2014,21(4):89-92.
[7] 刘向军.高速通道压裂工艺在低渗透油藏的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(2):122-126.LIU Xiangjun.Application of Hiway technology in the low permeability reservoirs [J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2015,22(2):122-126.
[8] 钟森,任山,黄禹忠,等.高速通道压裂技术在国外的研究与应用[J].中外能源,2012,17(6):39-42.ZHONG Sen,REN Shan,HUANG Yuzhong,et al.Research and application of channel fracturing technique in foreign oil and gas field [J].Sino-Global Energy,2012,17(6):39-42.
[9] 浮历沛,张贵才,张弛,等.高通道压裂自聚性支撑剂研究进展[J].油田化学,2016,33(2):376-380.FU Lipei,ZHANG Guicai,ZHANG Chi,et al.Research progress of self-initiated aggregating proppant in channel fracturing technique [J].Oilfield Chemistry,2016,33(2):376-380.
[10] 戚斌,杨衍东,任山,等.脉冲柱塞加砂压裂新工艺及其在川西地区的先导试验[J].天然气工业,2015,35(1):67-73.QI Bin,YANG Yandong,Ren Shan,et al.A new technology in impulse-stage sand fracturing and its pilot application in western Sichuan basin [J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(1):67-73.
[11] 钱斌,尹丛彬,朱炬辉,等.高效脉冲式加砂压裂技术研究与实践[J].天然气工业,2015,35(5):39-44QIN Bin,YIN Congbin,ZHU Juhui,et al.Research and practice of the impulse sand fracturing technology [J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(5):39-44.
[12] AHMED M,SHAR A H,KHIDRI M A,et al.Optimizing production of tight gas wells by revolutionizing hydraulic fracturing [C].SPE 141708,2011.
[13] 傅玉,李永明,丁咚.川西地区自悬浮支撑剂加砂压裂技术先导试验[J].油气井测试,2018,27(1):42-47.FU Yu,LI Yongming,DING Dong.Field test of self-suspending proppant for sand fracturing technology in West Sichuan [J].Well Testing,2018,27(1):42-47.
[14] 杨衍东,刘林,黄禹忠,等.水平井脉冲柱塞加砂新技术在中江气田的应用[J].石油与天然气化工,2016,45(1):67-72.YANG Yandong,LIU Lin,HUANG Yuzhong,et al.New technology application of impulse-stage fracturing of horizontal wells in Zhongjiang gas reservoir [J].Chemical Engineering of Oil & Gas,2016,45(1):67-72.
[15] 李莉.纤维压裂工艺技术在江汉油田的研究及应用[J].江汉石油职工大学学报,2018,31(1):26-28.LI Li.Study of fiber fracturing technology and its application in Jianghan Oilfield [J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum University of Staff and Workers,2018,31(1):26-28.
[16] 李凯峥.纤维脉冲式加砂压裂技术在大牛地气田的应用[J].广东化工,2015,42(13):39-40,19.LI Kaizheng.An application of fiber pulse sand fracturing technology in Daniudi gas field [J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2015,42(13):39-40,19.
[17] 章敬,李佳琪,蔡贤平,等.纤维混注加砂压裂工艺在克拉玛依油田的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2013,34(5):560-562.ZHANG Jing,LI Jiaqi,CAI Xianping,et al.Application of fiber mixed sand fracturing in Karamay oilfield [J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2013,34(5):560-562.
[18] 王均,何兴贵,张朝举,等.纤维加砂新技术在川西气井压裂中的应用[J].钻采工艺,2009,32(3):65-67,74.WANG Jun,HE Xinggui,ZHANG Chaoju,et al.Application of fibre filler technology in west Sichuan gas well fracturing [J].Drilling & Production Technology,2009,32(3):65-67,74.
[19] 郭建春,高阳,赵志红,等.脉冲纤维压裂液携砂机理研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(1):88-92.GUO Jianchun,GAO Yang,ZHAO Zhihong,et al.Research on sand-carrying mechanism of fiber-based fracturing fluid [J].Oil Drilling & Production Technology,2016,38(1):88-92.
[20] 贾光亮,蒋新立,李晔旻.大牛地气田纤维脉冲加砂压裂工艺[J].油气井测试,2018,27(4):55-60.Jia Guangliang,Jiang Xinli,Li Yemin.Fiber pulse sand fracturing technology in Daniudi gas field [J].Well Testing,2018,27(4):55-60.
[21] 苏国辉,高伟,李达,等.致密砂岩气藏脉冲纤维加砂压裂工艺参数优化[J].钻采工艺,2018,41(1):46-48.SU Guohui,GAO Wei,LI Da,et al.Optimization of fracturing with pulsed injection of proppant with fibers in tight sand gas reservoirs [J].Drilling & Production Technology,2018,41(1):46-48.
[22] 周瀚,何启平,李嘉,等.HIWAY 压裂用纤维与压裂液适应性研究[J].精细石油化工进展,2016,17(6):16-18.ZHOU Han,HE Qiping,LI Jia,et al.Research on fracturing fiber HIWAY and its suitability for fracturing fluid [J].Advances in Fine Petrochemicals,2016,17(6):16-18.
[2] 李素珍,曾思云,邓效国,等.福山复杂断块油气藏大型压裂工艺技术[J].油气井测试,2019,28(1):60-66.LI Suzhen,ZENG Siyun,DENG Xiaoguo,et al.Large-scale fracturing technology for Fushan complex fault block oil and gas reservoir [J].Well Testing,2019,28(1):60-66.
[3] 鄢雪梅,李素珍,祝道平,等.海南福山复杂断块储层压裂技术研究[J].油气井测试,2016,25(2):37-40.YAN Xuemei,LI Suzhen,ZHU Daoping,et al.Fracturing technology research of complicated fault reservoir in Fushan block of Hainan [J].Well Testing,2016,25(2):37-40.
[4] GILLARD M R.MEDVEDEV O O,HOSEIN P R,et al.A new approach to generating fracture conductivity [J].Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism,2010,25:20-25.
[5] 吴顺林,李宪文,张矿生,等.一种实现裂缝高导流能力的脉冲加砂压裂新方法[J].断块油气田,2014,21(1):110-113.WU Shunlin,LI Xianwen,ZHANG Kuangsheng,et al.A new method of pulse sand fracturing to achieve high conductivity of fracture [J].Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2014,21(1):110-113.
[6] 温庆志,高金剑,黄波,等.通道压裂砂堤分布规律研究[J].特种油气藏,2014,21(4):89-92.WEN Qingzhi,GAO Jinjian,HUANG Bo,et al.Research on distribution pattern of sand bank for channel fracturing [J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2014,21(4):89-92.
[7] 刘向军.高速通道压裂工艺在低渗透油藏的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(2):122-126.LIU Xiangjun.Application of Hiway technology in the low permeability reservoirs [J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2015,22(2):122-126.
[8] 钟森,任山,黄禹忠,等.高速通道压裂技术在国外的研究与应用[J].中外能源,2012,17(6):39-42.ZHONG Sen,REN Shan,HUANG Yuzhong,et al.Research and application of channel fracturing technique in foreign oil and gas field [J].Sino-Global Energy,2012,17(6):39-42.
[9] 浮历沛,张贵才,张弛,等.高通道压裂自聚性支撑剂研究进展[J].油田化学,2016,33(2):376-380.FU Lipei,ZHANG Guicai,ZHANG Chi,et al.Research progress of self-initiated aggregating proppant in channel fracturing technique [J].Oilfield Chemistry,2016,33(2):376-380.
[10] 戚斌,杨衍东,任山,等.脉冲柱塞加砂压裂新工艺及其在川西地区的先导试验[J].天然气工业,2015,35(1):67-73.QI Bin,YANG Yandong,Ren Shan,et al.A new technology in impulse-stage sand fracturing and its pilot application in western Sichuan basin [J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(1):67-73.
[11] 钱斌,尹丛彬,朱炬辉,等.高效脉冲式加砂压裂技术研究与实践[J].天然气工业,2015,35(5):39-44QIN Bin,YIN Congbin,ZHU Juhui,et al.Research and practice of the impulse sand fracturing technology [J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(5):39-44.
[12] AHMED M,SHAR A H,KHIDRI M A,et al.Optimizing production of tight gas wells by revolutionizing hydraulic fracturing [C].SPE 141708,2011.
[13] 傅玉,李永明,丁咚.川西地区自悬浮支撑剂加砂压裂技术先导试验[J].油气井测试,2018,27(1):42-47.FU Yu,LI Yongming,DING Dong.Field test of self-suspending proppant for sand fracturing technology in West Sichuan [J].Well Testing,2018,27(1):42-47.
[14] 杨衍东,刘林,黄禹忠,等.水平井脉冲柱塞加砂新技术在中江气田的应用[J].石油与天然气化工,2016,45(1):67-72.YANG Yandong,LIU Lin,HUANG Yuzhong,et al.New technology application of impulse-stage fracturing of horizontal wells in Zhongjiang gas reservoir [J].Chemical Engineering of Oil & Gas,2016,45(1):67-72.
[15] 李莉.纤维压裂工艺技术在江汉油田的研究及应用[J].江汉石油职工大学学报,2018,31(1):26-28.LI Li.Study of fiber fracturing technology and its application in Jianghan Oilfield [J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum University of Staff and Workers,2018,31(1):26-28.
[16] 李凯峥.纤维脉冲式加砂压裂技术在大牛地气田的应用[J].广东化工,2015,42(13):39-40,19.LI Kaizheng.An application of fiber pulse sand fracturing technology in Daniudi gas field [J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2015,42(13):39-40,19.
[17] 章敬,李佳琪,蔡贤平,等.纤维混注加砂压裂工艺在克拉玛依油田的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2013,34(5):560-562.ZHANG Jing,LI Jiaqi,CAI Xianping,et al.Application of fiber mixed sand fracturing in Karamay oilfield [J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2013,34(5):560-562.
[18] 王均,何兴贵,张朝举,等.纤维加砂新技术在川西气井压裂中的应用[J].钻采工艺,2009,32(3):65-67,74.WANG Jun,HE Xinggui,ZHANG Chaoju,et al.Application of fibre filler technology in west Sichuan gas well fracturing [J].Drilling & Production Technology,2009,32(3):65-67,74.
[19] 郭建春,高阳,赵志红,等.脉冲纤维压裂液携砂机理研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(1):88-92.GUO Jianchun,GAO Yang,ZHAO Zhihong,et al.Research on sand-carrying mechanism of fiber-based fracturing fluid [J].Oil Drilling & Production Technology,2016,38(1):88-92.
[20] 贾光亮,蒋新立,李晔旻.大牛地气田纤维脉冲加砂压裂工艺[J].油气井测试,2018,27(4):55-60.Jia Guangliang,Jiang Xinli,Li Yemin.Fiber pulse sand fracturing technology in Daniudi gas field [J].Well Testing,2018,27(4):55-60.
[21] 苏国辉,高伟,李达,等.致密砂岩气藏脉冲纤维加砂压裂工艺参数优化[J].钻采工艺,2018,41(1):46-48.SU Guohui,GAO Wei,LI Da,et al.Optimization of fracturing with pulsed injection of proppant with fibers in tight sand gas reservoirs [J].Drilling & Production Technology,2018,41(1):46-48.
[22] 周瀚,何启平,李嘉,等.HIWAY 压裂用纤维与压裂液适应性研究[J].精细石油化工进展,2016,17(6):16-18.ZHOU Han,HE Qiping,LI Jia,et al.Research on fracturing fiber HIWAY and its suitability for fracturing fluid [J].Advances in Fine Petrochemicals,2016,17(6):16-18.