黄河口渔业资源底拖网调查采样断面数对资源量指数估计的影响
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摘要
为查明采样强度对多种类渔业调查中资源量指数估计的影响,实验根据2013年8月、10月和2014年2月、5月黄河口渔业资源底拖网调查数据,选取短吻红舌鳎、方氏云鳚、矛尾虾虎鱼、枪乌贼、口虾蛄、日本蟳和小型鳀鲱鱼类为调查目标,利用计算机模拟方法,以相对估计误差(REE)、相对偏差(RB)、变异系数(CV)和准确度变化率(ACR)等为评价指标,研究了调查样本量对不同种类资源量指数估计的影响。结果显示,各种类资源量指数估计的REE、CV和ACR随断面数增加均逐渐降低并趋于稳定;除在断面数3减到1时,日本蟳、口虾蛄和方氏云鳚等个别种类RB绝对值增大外,其他RB不存在一致性的增大或减小趋势。研究表明,由于不同种类的分布存在时空差异,不同种类需要的调查断面数不同;当目标种类数量空间分布变异较小时,减少调查断面数对采样精确度影响较小,反之则需要更多调查断面数。对于多种类渔业资源调查,需要综合权衡各目标种类来确定最适调查断面数。
Fishery-independent survey is commonly used for collecting high quality biological and ecological data and provides vital parameters for fish stock assessment and management. For fishery-independent surveys, low cost and high precision as a result of reduced sample size may lead to a much greater reduction of survey mortality for the already depleted fishery populations and the ecosystem of fragile estuarine habitats, so that optimization of sampling design is essential for acquiring cost-effective sampling efforts. Computer simulation is usually applied to evaluating sampling designs in identifying an optimal sampling effort to achieve the goals of a survey program.In this study, the effect of sample size on estimation of abundance index was examined for fishery species including Cynoglossus joyneri, Pholis fangi, Chaeturichthys stigmatias, Loligo sp., Oratosquilla oratoria,Charybdis japonica and small-sized fish species in Clupeidae and Engraulidae in a cluster sampling survey based on the data collected from bottom trawl surveys conducted in August, October 2013 and February, May 2014 in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters. The relative estimation error(REE), relative bias(RB),coefficient of variation(CV), and accuracy change rate(ACR) were used to measure the performances(accuracy and precision) of different sampling efforts. In general, these indices including REE, CV and ACR showed similar trends, decreasing with sample size initially and then becoming stable after certain sample sizes during all the four seasons. Most of RB did not show consistently increasing or increasing trends with sampling size. The absolute value of RB of C. japonica, O. oratoria and P. fangi etc showed an obvious increase when the sample size reduced from 3 to 1. The optimal sampling efforts were different for the selected species because the target species had different spatial variabilities. The effects of reducing sampling effort on the precision of abundance index estimation were low when the species had low spatial variabilities. Therefore, the optimal sampling effort for multiple species fishery resources surveys should consider the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of the target species.
Fishery-independent survey is commonly used for collecting high quality biological and ecological data and provides vital parameters for fish stock assessment and management. For fishery-independent surveys, low cost and high precision as a result of reduced sample size may lead to a much greater reduction of survey mortality for the already depleted fishery populations and the ecosystem of fragile estuarine habitats, so that optimization of sampling design is essential for acquiring cost-effective sampling efforts. Computer simulation is usually applied to evaluating sampling designs in identifying an optimal sampling effort to achieve the goals of a survey program.In this study, the effect of sample size on estimation of abundance index was examined for fishery species including Cynoglossus joyneri, Pholis fangi, Chaeturichthys stigmatias, Loligo sp., Oratosquilla oratoria,Charybdis japonica and small-sized fish species in Clupeidae and Engraulidae in a cluster sampling survey based on the data collected from bottom trawl surveys conducted in August, October 2013 and February, May 2014 in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters. The relative estimation error(REE), relative bias(RB),coefficient of variation(CV), and accuracy change rate(ACR) were used to measure the performances(accuracy and precision) of different sampling efforts. In general, these indices including REE, CV and ACR showed similar trends, decreasing with sample size initially and then becoming stable after certain sample sizes during all the four seasons. Most of RB did not show consistently increasing or increasing trends with sampling size. The absolute value of RB of C. japonica, O. oratoria and P. fangi etc showed an obvious increase when the sample size reduced from 3 to 1. The optimal sampling efforts were different for the selected species because the target species had different spatial variabilities. The effects of reducing sampling effort on the precision of abundance index estimation were low when the species had low spatial variabilities. Therefore, the optimal sampling effort for multiple species fishery resources surveys should consider the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of the target species.
引文
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[19]李敏,纪毓鹏,徐宾铎,等.黄河口及邻近水域小型鳀鲱鱼类数量分布及其与环境因子的关系[J].海洋学报,2016,38(10):52-61.Li M,Ji Y P,Xu B D,et al.Spatio-temporal distribution of small-sized fish species in Clupeidae and Engraulidae and its relationships with environmental factors in Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent waters[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2016,38(10):52-61(in Chinese).
[20]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查:GB/T 12763.3-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine.Specifications for oceanographic survey-part 6:marine biological survey:GB/T 12763.6-2007[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2007.
[21]金勇进,杜子芳,蒋妍.抽样技术[M].4版.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2015.Jin Y J,Du Z F,Jiang Y.Sampling technique[M].4th ed.Beijing:China Renmin University Press,2015(in Chinese).
[22]Chen Y.A Monte Carlo study on impacts of the size of subsample catch on estimation of fish stock parameters[J].Fisheries Research,1996,26(3-4):207-223.
[23]刘勇.渔业资源评估抽样调查方法的理论探讨与研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2012.Liu Y.Theoretical study on the sampling methods of survey for fishery stock estimation[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2012(in Chinese).
[24]Jardim E,Ribeiro P J Jr.Geostatistical assessment of sampling designs for Portuguese bottom trawl surveys[J].Fisheries Research,2006,85(3):239-247.
[25]杨清.整群抽样误差的影响因素及其处理方法研究[J].江西财经大学学报,2000(3):50-52.Yang Q.On the affecting factors of cluster sampling errors and its solutions[J].Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,2000(3):50-52(in Chinese).
[26]吴强,陈瑞盛,黄经献,等.莱州湾口虾蛄的生物学特征与时空分布[J].水产学报,2015,39(8):1166-1177.Wu Q,Chen R S,Huang J X,et al.Fishery biology characteristics,temporal and spatial distribution of Oratosquilla oratoria in Laizhou Bay,Bohai Sea[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2015,39(8):1166-1177(in Chinese).
[27]Thompson S K.Adaptive cluster sampling[J].Journal of the American Statistical Association,1990,85(412):1050-1059.
[28]Yu H,Jiao Y,Su Z M,et al.Performance comparison of traditional sampling designs and adaptive sampling designs for fishery-independent surveys:a simulation study[J].Fisheries Research,2012,113(1):173-181.
[29]Brown J A.A comparison of two adaptive sampling designs[J].Australian&New Zealand Journal of Statistics,1999,41(4):395-403.
[30]Liu Y,Chen Y,Cheng J H,et al.An adaptive sampling method based on optimized sampling design for fishery-independent surveys with comparisons with conventional designs[J].Fisheries Science,2011,77(4):467-478.
[31]Rusak J A,Montz P K.Sampling requirements and the implications of reduced sampling effort for the estimation of annual zooplankton population and community dynamics in north temperate lakes[J].Limnology and Oceanography:Methods,2009,7(7):535-544.
[32]Xu B D,Ren Y P,Chen Y,et al.Optimization of stratification scheme for a fishery-independent survey with multiple objectives[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2015,34(12):154-169.
[2]Stein A,Ettema C.An overview of spatial sampling procedures and experimental design of spatial studies for ecosystem comparisons[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2003,94(1):31-47.
[3]Simmonds E J,Fryer R J.Which are better,random or systematic acoustic surveys?A simulation using North Sea herring as an example[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,1996,53(1):39-50.
[4]Liu Y,Chen Y,Cheng J H.A comparative study of optimization methods and conventional methods for sampling design in fishery-independent surveys[J].ICESJournal of Marine Science,2009,66(9):1873-1882.
[5]Pooler P S,Smith D R.Optimal sampling design for estimating spatial distribution and abundance of a freshwater mussel population[J].Journal of the North American Benthological Society,2005,24(3):525-537.
[6]Cabral H N,Murta A G.Effect of sampling design on abundance estimates of benthic invertebrates in environmental monitoring studies[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2004,276:19-24.
[7]Zhao J,Cao J,Tian S Q,et al.Evaluating sampling designs for demersal fish communities[J].Sustainability,2018,10(8):2585.
[8]Xu B D,Zhang C L,Xue Y,et al.Optimization of sampling effort for a fishery-independent survey with multiple goals[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2015,187(5):252.
[9]王晶,徐宾铎,张崇良,等.黄河口鱼类底拖网调查采样断面数的优化[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(5):931-938.Wang J,Xu B D,Zhang C L,et al.Sample size optimization for cluster design of bottom trawl fish surveys in the Yellow River estuary[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2017,24(5):931-938(in Chinese).
[10]焦玉木,田家怡.黄河三角洲附近海域浮游动物多样性研究[J].海洋环境科学,1999,18(4):33-38.Jiao Y M,Tian J Y.Zooplankton diversity around the Huanghe River Delta[J].Marine Environmental Science,1999,18(4):33-38(in Chinese).
[11]邓景耀,金显仕.莱州湾及黄河口水域渔业生物多样性及其保护研究[J].动物学研究,2000,21(1):76-82.Deng J Y,Jin X S.Study on fishery biodiversity and its conservation in Laizhou Bay and Yellow River estuary[J].Zoological Research,2000,21(1):76-82(in Chinese).
[12]Jin X S.Long-term changes in fish community structure in the Bohai Sea,China[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2004,59(1):163-171.
[13]王崇浩,曹文洪,张世奇.黄河口潮流与泥沙输移过程的数值研究[J].水利学报,2008,39(10):1256-1263.Wang C H,Cao W H,Zhang S C.Tidal current and its sediment transport capacity in Yellow River Estuary[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(10):1256-1263(in Chinese).
[14]刘健,张崇良,薛莹,等.黄河口两种鱼类资源密度不同估算方法的比较[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(4):845-852.Liu J,Zhang C L,Xue Y,et al.Comparative study on two methods for estimating fishery resource density for two species from Yellow River Estuary[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2017,24(4):845-852(in Chinese).
[15]郑亮.黄河口海域鱼类群落结构初步研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014.Zheng L.Preliminary study of fish community structure in Yellow River Estuary waters[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2014(in Chinese).
[16]赵晓娟,邱盛尧,乔凤琴,等.山东北部沿海幼鱼种类组成特征的研究[J].水产科学,2011,30(10):597-602.Zhao X J,Qiu S Y,Qiao F Q,et al.Composition of juvenile in the northern coast of Shandong Province[J].Fisheries Science,2011,30(10):597-602(in Chinese).
[17]高慧良,黄六一,李龙,等.黄河口海域春季和夏季须子网渔获物组成分析[J].渔业现代化,2016,43(2):62-67.Gao H L,Huang L Y,Li L,et al.Analysis on the catch composition of Xuzi net at Yellow River estuary in spring and summer[J].Fishery Modernization,2016,43(2):62-67(in Chinese).
[18]丛旭日,李凡,吕振波,等.莱州湾蟹类的群落结构特征[J].海洋渔业,2015,37(5):419-426.Cong X R,Li F,LüZ B,et al.Community structure of crab in Laizhou Bay[J].Marine Fisheries,2015,37(5):419-426(in Chinese).
[19]李敏,纪毓鹏,徐宾铎,等.黄河口及邻近水域小型鳀鲱鱼类数量分布及其与环境因子的关系[J].海洋学报,2016,38(10):52-61.Li M,Ji Y P,Xu B D,et al.Spatio-temporal distribution of small-sized fish species in Clupeidae and Engraulidae and its relationships with environmental factors in Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent waters[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2016,38(10):52-61(in Chinese).
[20]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查:GB/T 12763.3-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine.Specifications for oceanographic survey-part 6:marine biological survey:GB/T 12763.6-2007[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2007.
[21]金勇进,杜子芳,蒋妍.抽样技术[M].4版.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2015.Jin Y J,Du Z F,Jiang Y.Sampling technique[M].4th ed.Beijing:China Renmin University Press,2015(in Chinese).
[22]Chen Y.A Monte Carlo study on impacts of the size of subsample catch on estimation of fish stock parameters[J].Fisheries Research,1996,26(3-4):207-223.
[23]刘勇.渔业资源评估抽样调查方法的理论探讨与研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2012.Liu Y.Theoretical study on the sampling methods of survey for fishery stock estimation[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2012(in Chinese).
[24]Jardim E,Ribeiro P J Jr.Geostatistical assessment of sampling designs for Portuguese bottom trawl surveys[J].Fisheries Research,2006,85(3):239-247.
[25]杨清.整群抽样误差的影响因素及其处理方法研究[J].江西财经大学学报,2000(3):50-52.Yang Q.On the affecting factors of cluster sampling errors and its solutions[J].Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,2000(3):50-52(in Chinese).
[26]吴强,陈瑞盛,黄经献,等.莱州湾口虾蛄的生物学特征与时空分布[J].水产学报,2015,39(8):1166-1177.Wu Q,Chen R S,Huang J X,et al.Fishery biology characteristics,temporal and spatial distribution of Oratosquilla oratoria in Laizhou Bay,Bohai Sea[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2015,39(8):1166-1177(in Chinese).
[27]Thompson S K.Adaptive cluster sampling[J].Journal of the American Statistical Association,1990,85(412):1050-1059.
[28]Yu H,Jiao Y,Su Z M,et al.Performance comparison of traditional sampling designs and adaptive sampling designs for fishery-independent surveys:a simulation study[J].Fisheries Research,2012,113(1):173-181.
[29]Brown J A.A comparison of two adaptive sampling designs[J].Australian&New Zealand Journal of Statistics,1999,41(4):395-403.
[30]Liu Y,Chen Y,Cheng J H,et al.An adaptive sampling method based on optimized sampling design for fishery-independent surveys with comparisons with conventional designs[J].Fisheries Science,2011,77(4):467-478.
[31]Rusak J A,Montz P K.Sampling requirements and the implications of reduced sampling effort for the estimation of annual zooplankton population and community dynamics in north temperate lakes[J].Limnology and Oceanography:Methods,2009,7(7):535-544.
[32]Xu B D,Ren Y P,Chen Y,et al.Optimization of stratification scheme for a fishery-independent survey with multiple objectives[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2015,34(12):154-169.