红花玉兰截干对矮化和生理的影响
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摘要
红花玉兰Magnolia wufengensis L.Y.Ma et L.R.Wang是玉兰属新种,花被片内外全红,花型多样,是极佳的园林绿化素材,将红花玉兰矮化可发挥其独特的庭院和室内观赏价值。为了有效矮化红花玉兰,本次试验采用红花玉兰1年生嫁接苗作为试验材料,设置4种不同的截干强度,分别为不截干、截干1/4、截干1/3、截干1/2。截干于2016年7月进行。试验结果表明:(1)截干能有效矮化红花玉兰嫁接苗,当截干1/2时可实现株高最矮(120.71 cm),接穗直径最小(14.62 mm),侧枝数量最少(5.07枝),分别是对照的54.18%、77.66%、 32.49%;(2)截干对红花玉兰生理有显著影响,降低植株抗性,具体表现为SOD活性随着截干强度的增强呈现出先增强后减弱的趋势,POD活性、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量则随着截干强度的增强而减少,而MDA含量相反,随着截干强度的增强而增多,截干1/2处理的SOD、POD、可溶性蛋白、MDA、可溶性糖分别是对照的122.57%、84.56%、50.79%、157.28%、74.32%。综上所述,截干是一种简单有效的矮化方法,但它会降低植株抗性,截干后要注意植株的养护。
Professor Ma Lüyi found a new species in Wufeng county of Hubei province, and named it Magnolia wufengensis L.Y.Ma et L.R.Wang. Magnolia wufengensis with beautiful flowers and abundant shapes is an excellent material of landscaping. It's unique aesthetic value will be further developed by dwarf. In order to effectively dwarf Magnolia wufengensis annual grafted seedlings were adopted as the test material. And four different degrees of cutting strunk were set, they are no cutting strunk, cutting strunk 1/4, cutting strunk 1/3, cutting strunk 1/2. Magnolia wufengensis were cut in July 2016. Test results:(1) cutting strunk can effectively dwarf Magnolia wufengensis, when cutting strunk Magnolia wufengensis has shortest height, least diameter, and the least number of side branches when cutting strunk 1/2, the average heght is 120.71 cm, average diameter is 14.62 cm, average number of side branches is 5.07, were 54.18%, 77.66%, 32.49% of CK;(2) cutting strunk had significant effect on the physiology of Magnolia wufengensis, reduced plant resistance SOD activity tent to be enhanced and then weakened with the enhancement of the degree of cutting strunk, POD activity, and the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein decreased with the increase of cutting strunk, MDA content which was opposite increased with the increase of cutting strunk. The SOD activity, POD activity, soluble protein content, MDA content, soluble sugar content of cutting strunk 1/2 were 122.57%, 84.56%, 50.79%, 157.28%, 74.32% of CK. To summarize, cutting strunk is a simple and effective dwarfing method, but it will reduce plant resistance, so it is necessary to pay attention to the plant after cutting.
Professor Ma Lüyi found a new species in Wufeng county of Hubei province, and named it Magnolia wufengensis L.Y.Ma et L.R.Wang. Magnolia wufengensis with beautiful flowers and abundant shapes is an excellent material of landscaping. It's unique aesthetic value will be further developed by dwarf. In order to effectively dwarf Magnolia wufengensis annual grafted seedlings were adopted as the test material. And four different degrees of cutting strunk were set, they are no cutting strunk, cutting strunk 1/4, cutting strunk 1/3, cutting strunk 1/2. Magnolia wufengensis were cut in July 2016. Test results:(1) cutting strunk can effectively dwarf Magnolia wufengensis, when cutting strunk Magnolia wufengensis has shortest height, least diameter, and the least number of side branches when cutting strunk 1/2, the average heght is 120.71 cm, average diameter is 14.62 cm, average number of side branches is 5.07, were 54.18%, 77.66%, 32.49% of CK;(2) cutting strunk had significant effect on the physiology of Magnolia wufengensis, reduced plant resistance SOD activity tent to be enhanced and then weakened with the enhancement of the degree of cutting strunk, POD activity, and the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein decreased with the increase of cutting strunk, MDA content which was opposite increased with the increase of cutting strunk. The SOD activity, POD activity, soluble protein content, MDA content, soluble sugar content of cutting strunk 1/2 were 122.57%, 84.56%, 50.79%, 157.28%, 74.32% of CK. To summarize, cutting strunk is a simple and effective dwarfing method, but it will reduce plant resistance, so it is necessary to pay attention to the plant after cutting.
引文
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[30]左文博,吴静利,杨奇,等.干旱胁迫对小麦根系活力和可溶性糖含量的影响[J].华北农学报,2010,25(6):191-193.
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[2]桑景拴,张孟仁,张新权.木兰科植物观赏特性及应用刍议[J].现代园艺,2009(9):43-45.
[3]王罗荣,马履一,王希群,等.红花玉兰播种育苗技术的初步研究[J].浙江林学院学报,2007,24(2):242-246.
[4]怀慧明,贾忠奎,马履一,等.北京地区红花玉兰幼苗物候观测研究[J].北方园艺,2010(11):101-104.
[5]桑子阳,马履一,陈发菊.干旱胁迫对红花玉兰幼苗生长和生理特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(1):109-115.
[6]贺随超,马履一.红花玉兰与玉兰亚属几个种亲缘关系的AFLP分析[J].植物研究,2008,28(3):288-292,298.
[7]贺随超,马履一,陈发菊.红花玉兰种质资源遗传多样性初探[J].西北植物学报,2007,(12):2421-2428.
[8]芮飞燕,马履一,彭祚登,等.红花玉兰等5个玉兰种花粉形态观察及分类学意义[J].植物研究,2007,27(4):393-397.
[9]Roux S L,Barry G H.Vegetative Growth Responses of Citrus Nursery Trees to Various Growth Retardants[J].Horttechnology,2010,20(1):197-201.
[10]李广德,张亚雄,时海香,等.修枝对8年生三倍体毛白杨生长及生理的短期影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(2):30-35.
[11]苏曼琳,吴尚,马履一,等.文冠果结果与枝条主要性状因子间的相关分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(4):59-63.
[12]李俊南,刘金凤,熊新武,等.促进三台核桃中幼树生长结实技术措施研究[J].经济林研究,2017,35(3):224-228.
[14]田寿乐,孙晓莉,黄武刚,等.板栗低干矮冠多主枝开心形树体结构评价[J].经济林研究,2016,34(4):144-147.
[15]曲敏,秦丽楠,刘羽佳,等.两种检测SOD酶活性方法的比较[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2014,5(10):3318-3323.
[16]魏梅红,郑晶晶,饶瑶,等.甲醛对芦荟POD酶活性的影响[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,23(4):133-136.
[17]许长成,邹琦,程炳嵩.硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法检测脂质过氧化水平的探讨[J].植物生理学通讯,1989(6):58-60.
[18]刘海英,王华华,崔长海,等,李安琪.可溶性糖含量测定(蒽酮法)实验的改进[J].实验室科学,2013,16(2):19-20.
[19]强伟,王洪伦,周昌范,等.考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法测定柠条锦鸡儿种子中可溶性蛋白含量[J].氨基酸和生物资源,2011,33(3):74-76.
[20]付金贤,何贵平,华朝辉,等.南酸枣截干造林对其生长的效应研究[J].现代农业科技,2007(16):6-7.
[21]林正眉,冯雪莹,周晓琪.白兰大树截干后的生长情况初报[J].广东园林,2017,39(2):71-76.
[22]黄开勇.杉木种子园衰退母树截干后的生理响应及其复壮效应[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2016.
[23]谢友超,曹福亮,吕祥生.截干对叶用银杏叶片生理生化特性及产量的影响[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(3):340-344.
[24]王文通,王伟宏,潘漫,等.岭南盆景截干促芽技术初步研究[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(6):1093-1095.
[25]Menzel C M,Lagadec L.Increasing the productivity of avocado orchards using high-density plantings:A review[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2014,177(3):21-36.
[26]杜秀敏,殷文璇,张慧,等.超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)研究进展[J].中国生物工程杂志,2003,23(1):48-50.
[27]覃鹏,刘飞虎,梁雪妮.超氧化物歧化酶与植物抗逆性[J].黑龙江农业科学,2002(1):31-34.
[28]陈玉玲,曹敏,李云荫,等.干旱条件下黄腐酸对冬小麦幼苗中内源ABA和IAA水平以及SOD和POD活性的影响(简报)[J].植物生理学通讯,2000,36(4):311-314.
[29]李轶冰,杨顺强,任广鑫,等.低温处理下不同禾本科牧草的生理变化及其抗寒性比较[J].生态学报,2009,29(3):1341-1347.
[30]左文博,吴静利,杨奇,等.干旱胁迫对小麦根系活力和可溶性糖含量的影响[J].华北农学报,2010,25(6):191-193.
[31]王淑杰,王家民,李亚东,等.可溶性全蛋白、可溶性糖含量与葡萄抗寒性关系的研究[J].北方园艺,1996(2):77-78.