宁夏矿山环境质量空间分布特征及其分区
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摘要
为明确宁夏矿山环境质量空间分布特征和问题区域,提供修复和管理的依据,以全区22个县区为研究单元,构建了土地占压、地质灾害、环境污染、水土流失四个维度的准则及对应的共16项指标的矿山环境综合评价指标体系,利用遥感解译与矿山环境统计资料获取数据,基于熵权模糊综合方法评价,利用Spss22.0进行模糊聚类分组,结合实地踏勘确定分级含义后分区。结果显示:宁夏矿山环境质量空间差异较大,中北部矿山环境质量总体优于南部山区、但北部局部县区问题突出,主要环境问题在北部老旧矿区集中的惠农区和大武口区、新兴矿区灵武市(县级市),以及中部的沙坡头区。全区划分了"严重区、较为严重区、一般区、良好区"四类矿山环境区,存在"面上连续、点上镶嵌"的特征。同时,应关注新兴矿山灵武市的开采进度,持续监测和预防,以最大限度降低环境危害。利用聚类分析得出的分级阈值存在不连续性,推广应用的前提是应加大案例样本以找出阈值分布的规律,从而实现连续分级。
Mines environment quality spatial distribution is important to government,which can provide the basis to repair and manage the mines environment of 22 counties in Ningxia province of China.Mines environment comprehensive evaluation index system was been built,include land use,geologic damage,environment pollution,water loss and soil erosion,and 16 indexs.The data was gotten by remote sensing data and mines environment statistics.Entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive method was used to evaluate the mines environmental quality,and then fuzzy clustering method by spss22.0 was used to divide the spatial partitions of mines environmental quality in Ningxia,and combined with field reconnaissance to determine result.The results show that the mines environmental quality in 22 counties is very differences.The northern part of Ningxia is generally better than the southern mountain area,but some of northern counties in Ningxia are worst.The mines environmental quality variation of 22 counties are relatively stable,and the main environmental problems are in the northern part of the old mining area of Huinong and Dawukou county,emerging mining area of Lingwu city and middle part of Ningxia i.e.Shapotou county.Then,Ningxia mines can be divided into four categories:"serious area,more serious area,general area,good area".The distribution of mines environmental quality partitions is continuous from the province scale,but it concentrates from the counties scale.It should pay attention to the mining progress of the emerging mines,and continuously monitor on the mines environment,so as to early discovery and early management.The thresholds of categories by means of cluster analysis are discontinuity.It should increase the sample of cases,to find the threshold distribution of entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evaluation value,so as to realize the continuous grading.
Mines environment quality spatial distribution is important to government,which can provide the basis to repair and manage the mines environment of 22 counties in Ningxia province of China.Mines environment comprehensive evaluation index system was been built,include land use,geologic damage,environment pollution,water loss and soil erosion,and 16 indexs.The data was gotten by remote sensing data and mines environment statistics.Entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive method was used to evaluate the mines environmental quality,and then fuzzy clustering method by spss22.0 was used to divide the spatial partitions of mines environmental quality in Ningxia,and combined with field reconnaissance to determine result.The results show that the mines environmental quality in 22 counties is very differences.The northern part of Ningxia is generally better than the southern mountain area,but some of northern counties in Ningxia are worst.The mines environmental quality variation of 22 counties are relatively stable,and the main environmental problems are in the northern part of the old mining area of Huinong and Dawukou county,emerging mining area of Lingwu city and middle part of Ningxia i.e.Shapotou county.Then,Ningxia mines can be divided into four categories:"serious area,more serious area,general area,good area".The distribution of mines environmental quality partitions is continuous from the province scale,but it concentrates from the counties scale.It should pay attention to the mining progress of the emerging mines,and continuously monitor on the mines environment,so as to early discovery and early management.The thresholds of categories by means of cluster analysis are discontinuity.It should increase the sample of cases,to find the threshold distribution of entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evaluation value,so as to realize the continuous grading.
引文
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[15]韩英强,吴晓平,王甲生.一种基于熵权和经验因子的模糊综合评价方法[J].计算机与数字工程,2012,40(11):105-107.
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[18]王一任.综合评价方法若干问题研究及其医学应用[D].长沙:中南大学,2012.
[19]Liu R,Qiang F U.Entropy weight coefficient model and its application in evaluation of groundwater vulnerability of the Sanjiang Plain[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2007,14(4):368-373.
[20]陆秋琴,潘长波,黄光球.基于未确知属性层次法的矿山资源环境安全评价模型[J].安全与环境学报,2013(1):234-240.
[21]何芳,徐友宁,袁汉春.矿山环境地质问题综合评价客观权值确定方法探讨[J].中国地质,2008,35(2):337-343.
[22]孙志文,屈彦.宁夏回族自治区资源环境地图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2006:30-31.
[23]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.中国降雨侵蚀力空间变化特征[J].山地学报,2003,21(1):33-40.
[24]杨金中,秦绪文,聂洪峰,等.中国矿山遥感监测[M].北京:测绘出版社,2014:111-112.
[2]闫军,刘自增,张永庭,等.宁夏自治区矿产资源开发环境遥感监测成果报告[R].宁夏地质调查院,2015:12-15.
[3]邹长新,沈渭寿,刘发民.矿山生态环境质量评价指标体系初探[J].中国矿业,2011,20(8):56-59,68.
[4]亢亢,赵晓林,高建国.可拓聚类预测在矿山地质环境质量预测评价中的应用[J].安全与环境学报,2013(2):111-116.
[5]任幼蓉,吴庆璞.矿山地质灾害危险性指数探讨[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2004,15(1):1-4.
[6]江松林,孙世群,王辉.安徽省矿山环境质量综合评价研究[J].合肥工业大学学报:自然科学版,2008,31(1):112-115.
[7]赵晓亮,齐庆杰,赵国智,等.矿山环境质量集对分析定量评价模型的建立与应用研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(11):72-77.
[8]梁峰.宁夏回族自治区铁矿资源潜力评价报告[R].宁夏地质调查院,2010:59-60.
[9]陆彦俊,倪万魁,尚慧,等.宁夏矿山环境评价整治与监测技术方法研究[R].宁夏国土资源调查监测院,2012.
[10]王念秦,王永锋,王得楷.甘肃矿山生态地质环境现状综合评价分区研究[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(5):225-228,232.
[11]罗炳佳,沈诚.贵州矿山地质环境影响评估[J].水文地质工程地质,2013,40(1):134-138.
[12]陈桥,胡克,雒昆利,等.基于AHP法的矿山生态环境综合评价模式研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(3):377-383.
[13]徐友宁,袁汉春,何芳,等.矿山环境地质问题综合评价指标体系[J].地质通报,2003(10):829-832.
[14]樊新刚.宁夏限制开发生态区生态经济系统协调发展研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2015.
[15]韩英强,吴晓平,王甲生.一种基于熵权和经验因子的模糊综合评价方法[J].计算机与数字工程,2012,40(11):105-107.
[16]李晓雪,卢新卫.基于熵权的西安市大气环境质量模糊综合评价[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(4):195-199.
[17]杨晓艳,鲁红英.基于模糊综合评判的城市环境空气质量评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014(S2):143-146.
[18]王一任.综合评价方法若干问题研究及其医学应用[D].长沙:中南大学,2012.
[19]Liu R,Qiang F U.Entropy weight coefficient model and its application in evaluation of groundwater vulnerability of the Sanjiang Plain[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2007,14(4):368-373.
[20]陆秋琴,潘长波,黄光球.基于未确知属性层次法的矿山资源环境安全评价模型[J].安全与环境学报,2013(1):234-240.
[21]何芳,徐友宁,袁汉春.矿山环境地质问题综合评价客观权值确定方法探讨[J].中国地质,2008,35(2):337-343.
[22]孙志文,屈彦.宁夏回族自治区资源环境地图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2006:30-31.
[23]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.中国降雨侵蚀力空间变化特征[J].山地学报,2003,21(1):33-40.
[24]杨金中,秦绪文,聂洪峰,等.中国矿山遥感监测[M].北京:测绘出版社,2014:111-112.