基于GIS的城市绿化生态服务量及其均等化评价
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摘要
城市绿地是城市生态系统重要的组成部分,具有重要的生态服务功能,为了客观科学地评价城市绿地的绿化效果和生态服务均等化水平,以天津市滨海新区汉沽区河西区块为例,采用生态绿量测度城市绿化的生态服务量,以GIS作为城市绿化生态服务量的分析工具,并结合距离衰减模型及源叠加模型,计算不同斑块所承接到的不同绿化源的生态绿量;构建可视化系统,展现各斑块生态绿量的空间分布情况。结果显示,从整体水平看,研究区生态绿化建设效果良好,大部分斑块达到了生态绿量的基准线51.848,只有西南角部分斑块没有达标。从分布情况来看,研究区生态绿量分布并不均匀,表现为同一纬度上东部比西部生态绿量的接收量高,且呈现由东到西逐步递减的趋势;而同一经度上北部比南部生态绿量的接收量高,呈现由北到南逐步递减的趋势。其中,研究区东北区块与西南区块的接收量差距最大,斑块接收的生态绿量最大值为161,最小值仅为46,均等化水平较低。应用文中的研究方法可以精准找出城市绿化生态服务较为薄弱的斑块,对城市绿地系统规划具有一定的参考价值。
Urban green space is a significant part of urban ecosystem,which has important ecological service function.In order to objectively and scientifically evaluate the effect of virescence and the equalization level of ecological service of urban green space,this paper measures the ecological service quantity of urban virescence with the quantity of ecological green and applies GIS as a tool to analysis urban green ecological services quantity,then combines range attenuation model with source superposition model to calculate the green quantity of different source carried by different patches,.Furthermore,the paper builds a visual system to show the spatial distribution of each patch.And then appraise the greening effect and equalization evaluation of Tianjin Binhai new area.The result shows that the ecological greening construction of the case area is good in the whole view demonstrated by most of the patches in the evaluation area reaching the standard of ecology 51.848,except some patches in the southwest corner.However,it is nonuniform that the distribution of the ecological green quantity received by the patches in Hexi block,showing that the eastern area can receive more ecological green quantity than the western in the same latitude,and the trend of gradual decline from east to west.The northern part in the same longitude is higher than the southern,showing the trend of gradual decline from north to south.The greatest difference of the quantity of reception between northeast and southwest in the study area have the maximum value of ecological green quantity is 161,and the minimum value is 46 that the equalization level is lower.From above study and results analysis,we can see that this method can find the frail patch of urban green ecosystem accurately,which has certain reference value to project urban green space system.
Urban green space is a significant part of urban ecosystem,which has important ecological service function.In order to objectively and scientifically evaluate the effect of virescence and the equalization level of ecological service of urban green space,this paper measures the ecological service quantity of urban virescence with the quantity of ecological green and applies GIS as a tool to analysis urban green ecological services quantity,then combines range attenuation model with source superposition model to calculate the green quantity of different source carried by different patches,.Furthermore,the paper builds a visual system to show the spatial distribution of each patch.And then appraise the greening effect and equalization evaluation of Tianjin Binhai new area.The result shows that the ecological greening construction of the case area is good in the whole view demonstrated by most of the patches in the evaluation area reaching the standard of ecology 51.848,except some patches in the southwest corner.However,it is nonuniform that the distribution of the ecological green quantity received by the patches in Hexi block,showing that the eastern area can receive more ecological green quantity than the western in the same latitude,and the trend of gradual decline from east to west.The northern part in the same longitude is higher than the southern,showing the trend of gradual decline from north to south.The greatest difference of the quantity of reception between northeast and southwest in the study area have the maximum value of ecological green quantity is 161,and the minimum value is 46 that the equalization level is lower.From above study and results analysis,we can see that this method can find the frail patch of urban green ecosystem accurately,which has certain reference value to project urban green space system.
引文
BROADBENT J.2013.Reclaiming the ideal of public service[J].Public money management,33(6):391-394
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JULIA N G,DIMOS D.2010.The contribution of urban green spaces to the improvement of environment in cities case study of Chania,Greece[J].Building and Environment,45(6):1401-1414.
KLAUS S,SABINE D.2009.Making friends in Zurich's urban forests and parks:The role of public green space for social inclusion of youths from different cultures[J].Forest Policy and Economics,11(1):10-17.
LAW B E,WANING R H.1994.Remote sensing of leaf area index and radiation intercepted by under story vegetation[J].Ecological Application,4(2):272-279.
MA L B,CAO X S.2006.A GIS-based evaluation method for accessibility of urban public green landscape[J].Acta Scientiarum Natura-lium Universitatis Sunyatseni,45(6):111-115.
MARIAN B J,BENGT P,SUSANNE G,et al.2000.Green structure and sustainability:Developing a tool for local planning[J].Landsc Urban Plan,52(2-3):117-133
NI L,ZHOU Y,LIU Y,et al.2008.A case study of Qianjiang city:land utilization structure optimization based on ecological green equivalent[J].Resource and Industries,10(4):50-53.
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邓小文,孙贻超,韩士杰.2005.城市生态用地分类及其规划的一般原则[J].应用生态学报,16(10):2003-2006.
高祥伟,张志国,费鲜芸.2013.城市公园绿地空间分布均匀度网格评价模型[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,37(6):96-100.
郭小聪,代凯.2013.国内近五年基本公共服务均等化研究:综述与评估[J].中国人民大学学报,(1):145-154.
胡志斌,何兴元,陆庆轩,等.2005.基于GIS的绿地景观可达性研究--以沈阳市为例[J].沈阳建筑大学学报:自然科学版,21(6):671-675.
黄晓鸾.1998.城市生存环境绿色量值群的研究(2)--关于城市生存环境的绿色量[J].中国园林,(2):53-55.
李锋,王如松.2003.城市绿地系统的生态服务功能评价、规划与预测研究--以扬州市为例[J].生态学报,23(9):1929-1936.
李小马,刘长富,吴微.2009.沈阳城市公园游憩压力[J].生态学杂志,28(5):992-998.
刘长宁,刘自增,黄涛,等.2014.基于生态绿当量的北方农牧交错带土地利用状况分析--以宁夏银川市滨河新区核心区为例[J].安徽农业科学,42(36):13080-13082.
卢小丽.2011.基于生态系统服务功能理论的生态足迹模型研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,21(12):115-120.
倪琳,周勇,刘义,等.2008.基于生态绿当量的土地利用结构优化研究--以湖北省潜江市为例[J].资源与产业,10(4):50-53.
王光军,莫蕙榕,张洪江,等.2015.株洲云龙示范区绿地系统生态服务功能评价与优化[J].中南林业科技大学学报,35(2):59-65.
王乾.2006.川西亚高山森林生态系统辐射传输研究[D].成都:中国科学院成都生物研究所:140.
吴必虎.1994.上海城市游憩者流动行为研究[J].地理学报,49(2):117-127.
吴璇,李洪远,张良,等.2011.天津滨海新区生态系统服务评估及空间分级[J].中国环境科学,31(12):2091-2096.
肖建武,康文星,尹少华,等.2011.广州市城市森林生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].中国农学通报,27(31):27-35.
谢丽琼,邓星晗.2013.绿量的研究进展[J].林业调查规划,(5):35-39.
张利华,张京昆,黄宝荣.2011.城市绿地生态综合评价研究进展[J].中国人口·资源与环境,32(5):140-147.
张绪良,徐宗军,张朝晖,等.2011.青岛市城市绿地生态系统的环境净化服务价值[J].生态学报,31(9):2576-2584.
赵丹,李锋,王如松.2011.基于生态绿当量的城市土地利用结构优化--以宁国市为例[J].生态学报,31(20):6242-6250.
赵娅奇,杨庆媛,严琳,等.2006.生态绿当量在土地利用结构优化中的运用研究--以重庆市江北区为例[J].西南师范大学学:自然科学版,31(1):170-174.
赵煜,赵千钧,崔胜辉,等.2009.城市森林生态服务价值评估研究进展[J].生态学报,29(12):6723-6732.
周坚华.1998.城市生存环境绿色量值群的研究(5)[J].中国园林,14(59):61-63.
周延刚,郭达志.2004.基于GIS的城市绿地景观引力场研究--以宁波市为例[J].生态学报,24(6):1157-1163.
COSTANZA R,D'ARGE R,DE GROOT R,et al.1997.The value of the world.s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature,387:253-260.
COSTANZA R,D'ARGE R,DE GROOT R,et al.1998.Auditing the earth:The value of the world.s ecosystem services and natural capital Costanza and his co-authors reply[J].Environment,2(40):26-27.
HARDIN P J,JENSEN R R.2007.The effect of urban leaf area on summertime urban surface kinetic temperatures:a Terre Haute case study[J].Urban Forestry and Urban Greening,6(2):63-72.
JIM C Y.2001.Managing urban trees and their soil envelopes in a contiguously developed city environment[J].Environmental Management,28(6):819-832.
JULIA N G,DIMOS D.2010.The contribution of urban green spaces to the improvement of environment in cities case study of Chania,Greece[J].Building and Environment,45(6):1401-1414.
KLAUS S,SABINE D.2009.Making friends in Zurich's urban forests and parks:The role of public green space for social inclusion of youths from different cultures[J].Forest Policy and Economics,11(1):10-17.
LAW B E,WANING R H.1994.Remote sensing of leaf area index and radiation intercepted by under story vegetation[J].Ecological Application,4(2):272-279.
MA L B,CAO X S.2006.A GIS-based evaluation method for accessibility of urban public green landscape[J].Acta Scientiarum Natura-lium Universitatis Sunyatseni,45(6):111-115.
MARIAN B J,BENGT P,SUSANNE G,et al.2000.Green structure and sustainability:Developing a tool for local planning[J].Landsc Urban Plan,52(2-3):117-133
NI L,ZHOU Y,LIU Y,et al.2008.A case study of Qianjiang city:land utilization structure optimization based on ecological green equivalent[J].Resource and Industries,10(4):50-53.
保继刚.1992.引力模型在旅客预测中的应用[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,31(4):133-136.
邓小文,孙贻超,韩士杰.2005.城市生态用地分类及其规划的一般原则[J].应用生态学报,16(10):2003-2006.
高祥伟,张志国,费鲜芸.2013.城市公园绿地空间分布均匀度网格评价模型[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,37(6):96-100.
郭小聪,代凯.2013.国内近五年基本公共服务均等化研究:综述与评估[J].中国人民大学学报,(1):145-154.
胡志斌,何兴元,陆庆轩,等.2005.基于GIS的绿地景观可达性研究--以沈阳市为例[J].沈阳建筑大学学报:自然科学版,21(6):671-675.
黄晓鸾.1998.城市生存环境绿色量值群的研究(2)--关于城市生存环境的绿色量[J].中国园林,(2):53-55.
李锋,王如松.2003.城市绿地系统的生态服务功能评价、规划与预测研究--以扬州市为例[J].生态学报,23(9):1929-1936.
李小马,刘长富,吴微.2009.沈阳城市公园游憩压力[J].生态学杂志,28(5):992-998.
刘长宁,刘自增,黄涛,等.2014.基于生态绿当量的北方农牧交错带土地利用状况分析--以宁夏银川市滨河新区核心区为例[J].安徽农业科学,42(36):13080-13082.
卢小丽.2011.基于生态系统服务功能理论的生态足迹模型研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,21(12):115-120.
倪琳,周勇,刘义,等.2008.基于生态绿当量的土地利用结构优化研究--以湖北省潜江市为例[J].资源与产业,10(4):50-53.
王光军,莫蕙榕,张洪江,等.2015.株洲云龙示范区绿地系统生态服务功能评价与优化[J].中南林业科技大学学报,35(2):59-65.
王乾.2006.川西亚高山森林生态系统辐射传输研究[D].成都:中国科学院成都生物研究所:140.
吴必虎.1994.上海城市游憩者流动行为研究[J].地理学报,49(2):117-127.
吴璇,李洪远,张良,等.2011.天津滨海新区生态系统服务评估及空间分级[J].中国环境科学,31(12):2091-2096.
肖建武,康文星,尹少华,等.2011.广州市城市森林生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].中国农学通报,27(31):27-35.
谢丽琼,邓星晗.2013.绿量的研究进展[J].林业调查规划,(5):35-39.
张利华,张京昆,黄宝荣.2011.城市绿地生态综合评价研究进展[J].中国人口·资源与环境,32(5):140-147.
张绪良,徐宗军,张朝晖,等.2011.青岛市城市绿地生态系统的环境净化服务价值[J].生态学报,31(9):2576-2584.
赵丹,李锋,王如松.2011.基于生态绿当量的城市土地利用结构优化--以宁国市为例[J].生态学报,31(20):6242-6250.
赵娅奇,杨庆媛,严琳,等.2006.生态绿当量在土地利用结构优化中的运用研究--以重庆市江北区为例[J].西南师范大学学:自然科学版,31(1):170-174.
赵煜,赵千钧,崔胜辉,等.2009.城市森林生态服务价值评估研究进展[J].生态学报,29(12):6723-6732.
周坚华.1998.城市生存环境绿色量值群的研究(5)[J].中国园林,14(59):61-63.
周延刚,郭达志.2004.基于GIS的城市绿地景观引力场研究--以宁波市为例[J].生态学报,24(6):1157-1163.