免烧法煤气化粗渣制备陶粒工艺及其性能研究
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摘要
为实现煤气化粗渣处置资源化、无害化利用,以煤气化粗渣为主要原料,采用改进后的免烧养护法制备9组不同配比的免烧煤气化粗渣陶粒,测试各组陶粒的堆积密度、筒压强度和吸水率,并进行性能优异度评价。根据结果筛选出进入浸出毒性测试的试验组,检测浸出液中铬、砷、镉、铅4种重金属含量,评价其环境安全性。结果表明:陶粒筒压强度均符合GB/T 17431.1—2010《轻集料及其试验方法第1部分:轻集料》的要求,其值为5.59～8.71 MPa;吸水率随煤气化粗渣含量增加而升高;陶粒性能优异度得分最高且符合环境安全标准的原料配比为煤气化粗渣掺加量73%,水泥投加量15%,石英砂投加量12%(均为质量分数);浸出毒性测试结果显示,免烧工艺对煤气化粗渣中重金属的固定化能力较高。
In order to realize the resource disposal and harmless utilization of gasification cinder,we took it as the main raw material,and nine sets of non-sintered ceramsites from gasification cinder with different proportions were prepared by the improved method of non-sintered curing.The stacking density,cylinder compressive strength and water absorption of each ceramsite were tested,the attained performance was evaluated.Accounting to the result of which,experimental groups that could enter the test of leaching toxicity were selected.With the detection of the contents of four kinds of heavy metals: Cr,As,Cd and Pb in the leaching solution,their environmental safety was evaluated.The results showed that the cylinder compressive strength of ceramsites all met the requirement of GB/T 17431.1—2010"Lightweight aggregates and its test methods—Part 1: Lightweight aggregates",the value with the range of 5.59 ～ 8.71 MPa.And the water absorption increased with the increase of the content of gasification cinder in ceramsite.The best formula for preparing the ceramsite with the highest attained performance score and the conformity of environmental safety standards was gasification cinder 73%,cement 15% and quartz sand12%( mass fractions).The results of leaching toxicity showed that non-sintered method posted high immobilization ability of heavy metals in gasification cinder.
In order to realize the resource disposal and harmless utilization of gasification cinder,we took it as the main raw material,and nine sets of non-sintered ceramsites from gasification cinder with different proportions were prepared by the improved method of non-sintered curing.The stacking density,cylinder compressive strength and water absorption of each ceramsite were tested,the attained performance was evaluated.Accounting to the result of which,experimental groups that could enter the test of leaching toxicity were selected.With the detection of the contents of four kinds of heavy metals: Cr,As,Cd and Pb in the leaching solution,their environmental safety was evaluated.The results showed that the cylinder compressive strength of ceramsites all met the requirement of GB/T 17431.1—2010"Lightweight aggregates and its test methods—Part 1: Lightweight aggregates",the value with the range of 5.59 ～ 8.71 MPa.And the water absorption increased with the increase of the content of gasification cinder in ceramsite.The best formula for preparing the ceramsite with the highest attained performance score and the conformity of environmental safety standards was gasification cinder 73%,cement 15% and quartz sand12%( mass fractions).The results of leaching toxicity showed that non-sintered method posted high immobilization ability of heavy metals in gasification cinder.
引文
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[7]高继光,马银亮,刘锐杰.水煤浆气化灰渣综合利用和效益分析[J].节能与环保,2014(2):72-73.GAO Jiguang,MA Yinliang,LIU Ruijie. Comprehensive utilization and benefit analysis of coal slurry gasification ash[J].Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection,2014(2):72-73.
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[9] LIU X,CHIA K S,ZHANG M H.Water absorption,permeability,and resistance to chloride-ion penetration of lightweight aggregate concrete[J].Construction&Building Materials,2011,25(1):335-343.
[10]向晓东,唐卫军,江新卫,等.高强钢渣陶粒特性试验研究[J].矿产综合利用,2018(1):96-100.XIANG Xiaodong,TANG Weijun,JIANG Xinwei,et al. Experimental study on the properties of high strength steel slag[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,2018(1):96-100.
[11] CHIOU I J,WANG K S,CHEN C H,et al.Lightweight aggregate made from sewage sludge and incinerated ash[J].Waste Management,2006,26(12):1453-1461.
[12]商晓甫.煤气化渣利用技术研究现状及应用趋势浅析[C]//2016中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集(第三卷).北京:中国环境科学学会,2016:4.
[13]楼紫阳,宋立言,赵由才,等.中国化工废渣污染现状及资源化途径[J].化工进展,2006,25(9):988-994.LOU Ziyang,SONG Liyan,Zhao Youcai,et al.Pollution and utilization of chemical industry waste slag in China[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Process,2006,25(9):988-994.
[14] ROS A,LILLO-RODENAS M A,FUENTE E,et al.High surface area materials prepared from sewage sludge-based precursors[J].Chemosphere,2006,65(1):132-40.
[15] GB/T 17431.2—2010,轻集料及其试验方法第2部分:轻集料试验方法[S].
[16] GB/T 17431.1—2010,轻集料及其试验方法第1部分:轻集料[S].
[17] HJ/T 299—2007,固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法:硫酸硝酸法[S].
[18] SUN Yunjuan,JIANG Jianchun,ZHAO Shuheng.A review on the utilization of straw ash[J].Biomass Chemical Engineering,2011,45(6):35-42.
[19]邹正禹,刘阳生.粉煤灰免烧陶粒制备及其重金属废水净化性能[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(10):4054-4060.ZOU Zhengyu,LIU Yangsheng. Preparation of non-sintered ceramsite from coal fly ash and its performance on heavy metals removal[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,7(10):4054-4060.
[20]郑伟琴.旧房拆迁废弃建筑粘土砖的再利用研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2013:27.
[21] GB 3838—2002,地表水环境质量标准[S].
[22]钱伟,樊传刚,陈伟,等.水处理污泥陶粒的制备及其对重金属的固定[J].非金属矿,2012,35(2):72-75.QIAN Wei,FAN Chuangang,CHEN Wei,et al. Preparation and heavy metal immobilization of keramzite spheres from municipal sewage sludge[J].Non-Metallic Mines,2012,35(2):72-75.
[2]谢红武.结构轻集料混凝土研究进展[J].21世纪建筑材料居业,2011(9):87-91.XIE Hongwu. Research progress of lightweight aggregate concrete[J].21st Century Building Materials,2011(9):87-91.
[3]陈艳容,张力,冉景煜,等.煤层气与煤矸石在循环流化床内混烧影响因素的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(10):1374-1378.CHEN Yanrong,ZHANG Li,RAN Jingyu,et al. Experiment key factors of coal-bed gas and coal gangue combustion in circulating fluidized bed[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(10):1374-1378.
[4] AHMARUZZAMAN M.A review on the utilization of fly ash[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,2010,36:327-363.
[5] OATS W J,OZDEMIR O,NGUYEN A V.Effect of mechanical and chemical clay removals by hydrocyclone and dispersants on coal flotation[J].Minerals Engineering,2010,23(5):413-419.
[6] XU G R,ZOU J L,LI G B.Effect of sintering temperature on the characteristics of sludge ceramsite[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,150(2):394-400.
[7]高继光,马银亮,刘锐杰.水煤浆气化灰渣综合利用和效益分析[J].节能与环保,2014(2):72-73.GAO Jiguang,MA Yinliang,LIU Ruijie. Comprehensive utilization and benefit analysis of coal slurry gasification ash[J].Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection,2014(2):72-73.
[8] ANAGNOSTOPOULOS I M,STIVANAKIS V E.Utilization of lignite power generation residues for the production of lightweight aggregates[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,163(1):329-336.
[9] LIU X,CHIA K S,ZHANG M H.Water absorption,permeability,and resistance to chloride-ion penetration of lightweight aggregate concrete[J].Construction&Building Materials,2011,25(1):335-343.
[10]向晓东,唐卫军,江新卫,等.高强钢渣陶粒特性试验研究[J].矿产综合利用,2018(1):96-100.XIANG Xiaodong,TANG Weijun,JIANG Xinwei,et al. Experimental study on the properties of high strength steel slag[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,2018(1):96-100.
[11] CHIOU I J,WANG K S,CHEN C H,et al.Lightweight aggregate made from sewage sludge and incinerated ash[J].Waste Management,2006,26(12):1453-1461.
[12]商晓甫.煤气化渣利用技术研究现状及应用趋势浅析[C]//2016中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集(第三卷).北京:中国环境科学学会,2016:4.
[13]楼紫阳,宋立言,赵由才,等.中国化工废渣污染现状及资源化途径[J].化工进展,2006,25(9):988-994.LOU Ziyang,SONG Liyan,Zhao Youcai,et al.Pollution and utilization of chemical industry waste slag in China[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Process,2006,25(9):988-994.
[14] ROS A,LILLO-RODENAS M A,FUENTE E,et al.High surface area materials prepared from sewage sludge-based precursors[J].Chemosphere,2006,65(1):132-40.
[15] GB/T 17431.2—2010,轻集料及其试验方法第2部分:轻集料试验方法[S].
[16] GB/T 17431.1—2010,轻集料及其试验方法第1部分:轻集料[S].
[17] HJ/T 299—2007,固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法:硫酸硝酸法[S].
[18] SUN Yunjuan,JIANG Jianchun,ZHAO Shuheng.A review on the utilization of straw ash[J].Biomass Chemical Engineering,2011,45(6):35-42.
[19]邹正禹,刘阳生.粉煤灰免烧陶粒制备及其重金属废水净化性能[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(10):4054-4060.ZOU Zhengyu,LIU Yangsheng. Preparation of non-sintered ceramsite from coal fly ash and its performance on heavy metals removal[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,7(10):4054-4060.
[20]郑伟琴.旧房拆迁废弃建筑粘土砖的再利用研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2013:27.
[21] GB 3838—2002,地表水环境质量标准[S].
[22]钱伟,樊传刚,陈伟,等.水处理污泥陶粒的制备及其对重金属的固定[J].非金属矿,2012,35(2):72-75.QIAN Wei,FAN Chuangang,CHEN Wei,et al. Preparation and heavy metal immobilization of keramzite spheres from municipal sewage sludge[J].Non-Metallic Mines,2012,35(2):72-75.