戴云山不同海拔黄山松群落的高度级结构研究
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摘要
采用级间失稳率、群落高度级分享度和Whittaker指数分析戴云山黄山松群落高度级结构随海拔梯度变化的特征。结果表明,随高度级增加,群落个体数和物种数均呈下降趋势。沿海拔梯度上升,黄山松群落整体失稳率大致呈上升趋势,且均为正值。黄山松种群的Ⅰ～Ⅱ、Ⅱ～Ⅲ级间失稳率多为负值,而Ⅲ～Ⅳ、Ⅳ～Ⅴ和Ⅴ～Ⅵ为正值,种群优势地位明显。总体上,优势种对第Ⅰ高度级分享度最大,随高度级增加,种对高度级的分享度不断降低。黄山松群落高度级随海拔梯度变化其物种替代速率存在差异,Whittaker指数(β_w)大多分布在0.4左右,高度级间物种变化幅度相对平稳。戴云山黄山松群落在垂直空间上物种分布连续性良好,处于稳定发展阶段,更新能力强。目前黄山松种群优势地位显著,高海拔区域优势地位更明显。黄山松在混交群落竞争中偏向K对策,以较多的成年大树来增强其在群落的优势地位。
The height class structure characteristics of a Pinus taiwanensis community growing at different elevations on Daiyun Mountain were analyzed using the inter-stage failure rate, community height sharing, and the Whittaker index. The results were as follows. As tree height increased, the number of individuals and species decreased. As altitude increased, the overall instability rate for the P. taiwanensis community generally showed an increasing and positive trend. The Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅱ-Ⅲ height classes for the P. taiwanensis population were mostly negative, whereas the Ⅲ-Ⅳ, Ⅳ-Ⅴ, and Ⅴ-Ⅵ classes were positive and the dominant position was obvious. On the whole, the sharing degree of the dominant species was largest for the first height classes, but it decreased as the height classes increased; and there was a difference in the species turnover rates between the height classes of the P. taiwanensis community along the elevation gradients. The Whittaker index(β_w) was mostly around 0.4, and the species variation range between the height classes was relatively stable. The results show that the species distribution of the P. taiwanensis community in vertical space was continuous. Furthermore, the P. taiwanensis community was at a stable development stage and had a strong natural regeneration ability on Daiyun Mountain, and the dominant position of the P. taiwanensis population was significant and more obvious in the high elevation area. The P. taiwanensis population tended to adjust its K strategy when subjected to community competition, and the more mature trees were used to strengthen its dominant position in the community.
The height class structure characteristics of a Pinus taiwanensis community growing at different elevations on Daiyun Mountain were analyzed using the inter-stage failure rate, community height sharing, and the Whittaker index. The results were as follows. As tree height increased, the number of individuals and species decreased. As altitude increased, the overall instability rate for the P. taiwanensis community generally showed an increasing and positive trend. The Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅱ-Ⅲ height classes for the P. taiwanensis population were mostly negative, whereas the Ⅲ-Ⅳ, Ⅳ-Ⅴ, and Ⅴ-Ⅵ classes were positive and the dominant position was obvious. On the whole, the sharing degree of the dominant species was largest for the first height classes, but it decreased as the height classes increased; and there was a difference in the species turnover rates between the height classes of the P. taiwanensis community along the elevation gradients. The Whittaker index(β_w) was mostly around 0.4, and the species variation range between the height classes was relatively stable. The results show that the species distribution of the P. taiwanensis community in vertical space was continuous. Furthermore, the P. taiwanensis community was at a stable development stage and had a strong natural regeneration ability on Daiyun Mountain, and the dominant position of the P. taiwanensis population was significant and more obvious in the high elevation area. The P. taiwanensis population tended to adjust its K strategy when subjected to community competition, and the more mature trees were used to strengthen its dominant position in the community.
引文
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[18]郑永宏,张永,邵雪梅,等.大别山地区黄山松和油松树轮宽度的气候意义[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(1):72-77.
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[21]陈晓德,李旭光,王金锡.绵阳官司河流域长江防护林的群落高度级结构分析[J].植物生态学报,1997,21(4):376-385.
[22]马克平,刘灿然,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅱ.β多样性的测度方法[J].生物多样性,1995,3(1):38-43.
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[24]陈世品,游水生,陈子英,等.运用β多样性探讨不同更新模式对米槠群落高度级和物种多样性的影响[J].植物资源与环境学报,2013,22(4):62-69.
[25] 洪淑媛,吴泽民,刘西军.黄山松生理生态特性研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2006,33(4):462-467.
[26]曹光球,林思祖,曹子林,等.杉木及其主要混交树种生态对策[J].福建林学院学报,2002,22(2):180-183.
[27]吴泽民,黄成林,韦朝领.黄山松群落林隙光能效应与黄山松的更新[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(1):13-18.
[2]刘万德,李帅锋,张志钧,等.滇西北云南红豆杉群落结构与更新特征[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(12):3 024-3 031.
[3]ALICIA L,SONIA C,ICIAR A.Forest biodiversity assessment in Peruvian Andean Montane cloud forest[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2012,9(3):372-384.
[4]刘圣恩,林开敏,蔡锰柯,等.近自然生态恢复条件下杉木老龄林群落优势树种种群结构与空间格局[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(3):540-546.
[5]宋萍,洪伟,吴承祯,等.中亚热带丝栗栲次生林群落高度级结构分析[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(5):460-464.
[6]缪三华,郑德祥,蔡杨新,等.闽北闽粤栲天然林高度级结构分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(6):45-50.
[7]刘剑斌.闽北中亚热带青冈次生林高度结构分析[J].亚热带农业研究,2014,10(4):247-251.
[8]毕晓丽,洪伟,吴承祯,等.万木林自然保护区不同群落优势种高度结构研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(12):2 355-2 358.
[9]苏松锦,刘金福,兰思仁,等.黄山松研究综述(1960—2014)及其知识图谱分析[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2015,44(5):478-486.
[10]SHEUE C R,CHANG H C,YANG Y P,et al.A new classification of marginal resin ducts improves understanding of hard pine (Pinaceae) diversity in Taiwan[J].Flora-Morphology,Distribution,Functional Ecology of Plants,2014,209(8):414-425.
[11]李曼,郑媛,郭英荣,等.武夷山不同海拔黄山松枝叶大小关系[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(2):537-544.
[12]刘金福,朱德煌,兰思仁,等.戴云山黄山松群落与环境的关联[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5 731-5 736.
[13]刘艳会,刘金福,何中声,等.基于戴云山固定样地黄山松群落物种组成与结构研究[J].广西植物,2017,37(7):881-890.
[14]苏松锦,刘金福,马瑞丰,等.戴云山黄山松种群的空间分布格局与关联性[J].资源科学,2015,37(4):841-848.
[15]朱德煌,刘金福,洪伟,等.戴云山黄山松群落主要树种更新生态位研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2012,20(6):561-565.
[16]李玲玲,史江峰,侯鑫源,等.中国东南高海拔黄山松生长对气候的响应:以浙江省九龙山和安徽省牯牛降为例[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(7):1 849-1 856.
[17]CHEN D,FANG K Y,LI Y J,et al.Response of Pinus taiwanensis growth to climate changes at its southern limit of Daiyun Mountain,mainland China Fujian Province[J].Science China(Earth Sciences),2016,59(2):328-336.
[18]郑永宏,张永,邵雪梅,等.大别山地区黄山松和油松树轮宽度的气候意义[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(1):72-77.
[19]李俊清.森林生态学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2010:125-205.
[20]于军,白冠章,梁继业,等.塔里木河上、中、下游胡杨种群高度结构特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(7):103-109.
[21]陈晓德,李旭光,王金锡.绵阳官司河流域长江防护林的群落高度级结构分析[J].植物生态学报,1997,21(4):376-385.
[22]马克平,刘灿然,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅱ.β多样性的测度方法[J].生物多样性,1995,3(1):38-43.
[23]KOLEFF P,GASTON K J,LENNON J J.Measuring beta diversity for presence-absence data[J].Journal of Animal Ecology,2003,72(3):367-382.
[24]陈世品,游水生,陈子英,等.运用β多样性探讨不同更新模式对米槠群落高度级和物种多样性的影响[J].植物资源与环境学报,2013,22(4):62-69.
[25] 洪淑媛,吴泽民,刘西军.黄山松生理生态特性研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2006,33(4):462-467.
[26]曹光球,林思祖,曹子林,等.杉木及其主要混交树种生态对策[J].福建林学院学报,2002,22(2):180-183.
[27]吴泽民,黄成林,韦朝领.黄山松群落林隙光能效应与黄山松的更新[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(1):13-18.