差速泵叶轮边缘结构对转矩特性的影响
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摘要
傅里叶非圆齿轮驱动的差速泵在负载工况下有明显的周期性冲击现象,而在空载状态不存在。为提升差速泵运行平稳性,开展数值计算和试验研究,首先建立差速泵数值计算模型,利用数值计算方法对差速泵流场和驱动非圆齿轮进行流固耦合计算。计算结果表明,差速泵在吸、排液工况交替瞬间,叶轮存在转矩突变现象,主要原因是叶轮旋转对进、出口关闭或打开瞬间形成了水锤效应。为此,对差速泵叶轮边缘进行微圆角优化处理以形成流场过渡区。仿真结果显示,叶轮优化后的输入轴周期性转矩突变峰值至少可降低21. 58%,且吸、排液腔压力分布更为均匀。经试验验证,转矩变化趋势及转矩突变点基本吻合,2个叶轮优化后转矩最大变化幅度平均降低51. 20%。结果表明,差速泵叶轮边缘对转矩特性影响较大,叶轮边缘优化对减弱水锤效应及改善叶轮转矩特性非常有效。
The differential pump driven by Fourier non-circular gears has obvious periodic impact phenomenon under load condition,but it does not exist under no-load condition. In order to reduce the impact under load conditions and improve the stability of differential pump,a numerical calculation model of differential pump was established,and the fluid-solid coupling calculation of flow field and driving noncircular gear of differential pump was carried out by numerical calculation method. The calculation results showed that there was a sudden change in the impeller's torque at the instant of alternating suction and discharge conditions of differential pump. The main reason was the water hammer effect formed when the blade rotated to the inlet and outlet and closed or opened. In order to reduce the impact,micro-rounded edges of differential pump blades were processed to form a flow field transition zone. The simulation results showed that the periodic torque mutation of the input shaft of the optimized blades was reduced by at least 21. 58%,and the pressure distribution of the suction and drainage chambers was more uniform.By verification,it was confirmed that the edge of the differential pump blade had a great influence on the torque characteristics. The maximum variation of the two impellers' torque was decreased by 51. 20% on average. And the optimization of the edge roundness had a great effect on reducing the water hammer effect and improving the impeller torque characteristics.
The differential pump driven by Fourier non-circular gears has obvious periodic impact phenomenon under load condition,but it does not exist under no-load condition. In order to reduce the impact under load conditions and improve the stability of differential pump,a numerical calculation model of differential pump was established,and the fluid-solid coupling calculation of flow field and driving noncircular gear of differential pump was carried out by numerical calculation method. The calculation results showed that there was a sudden change in the impeller's torque at the instant of alternating suction and discharge conditions of differential pump. The main reason was the water hammer effect formed when the blade rotated to the inlet and outlet and closed or opened. In order to reduce the impact,micro-rounded edges of differential pump blades were processed to form a flow field transition zone. The simulation results showed that the periodic torque mutation of the input shaft of the optimized blades was reduced by at least 21. 58%,and the pressure distribution of the suction and drainage chambers was more uniform.By verification,it was confirmed that the edge of the differential pump blade had a great influence on the torque characteristics. The maximum variation of the two impellers' torque was decreased by 51. 20% on average. And the optimization of the edge roundness had a great effect on reducing the water hammer effect and improving the impeller torque characteristics.
引文
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[18]BENRA F K,DOHMEN H J.Comparison of pump impeller orbit curves obtained by measurement and FSl simulation[C]∥ASME PVP2007,San Antonio,Texas,2007.
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[20]XU Gaohuan,CHEN Jianneng,ZHAO Huacheng.Numerical calculation and experiment of coupled dynamics of the differential velocity vane pump driven by the hybrid high order Fourier non-circular gears[J].Journal of Thermal Science,2018,27(3):285-293.
[21]徐高欢,陈建能,张国凤.傅里叶非圆齿轮驱动四叶片差速泵设计与特性分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(12):80-87.XU Gaohuan,CHEN Jianneng,ZHANG Guofeng.Design and performance analysis of Fourier non-circular gear-driven differential pump[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(12):80-87.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20141213&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.12.013.(in Chinese)
[22]张洪才,刘宪伟,孙长青,等.ANSYS Workbench14.5数值模拟工程实例解析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2013.
[23]江伟,郭涛,李国君,等.离心泵流场流固耦合数值模拟[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(9):53-56,42.JIANG Wei,GUO Tao,LI Guojun,et al.Numerical calculation on flow field in centrifugal pump based on fluid-structure interaction theorem[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(9):53-56,42.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20120911&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.09.011.(in Chinese)
[24]EATON M,KEOGH P S,EDGE K A.The modeling,prediction and experimental evaluation of gear pump meshing pressures with particular reference to aero-engine fuel pumps[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part I Journal of Systems and Control Engineering,2008,220(5):365-379.
[2]庄腾飞,杨学军,董祥,等.大型自走式喷雾机喷杆研究现状及发展趋势分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(增刊):189-198.ZHUANG Tengfei,YANG Xuejun,DONG Xiang,et al.Research status and development trend of large self-propelled sprayer booms[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(Supp.):189-198.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=2018s025&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.S0.025.(in Chinese)
[3]崔龙飞,薛新宇,丁素明,等.双钟摆主被动悬架式大型喷雾机喷杆动力学仿真与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(2):82-90.CUI Longfei,XUE Xinyu,DING Suming,et al.Modeling and simulation of dynamic behavior of large spray boom[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(2):82-90.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170211&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.02.011.(in Chinese)
[4]AJAY S,JOHN P F,TIMOTHY P M,et al.Brodbeck real-time nozzle flow uniformity when using automatic section control on agricultural sprayers[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2011,79(2):169-179.
[5]JULIAN S H,VICTOR J R,FRANCISCO P,et al.Comparative spray deposits by manually pulled trolley sprayer and a spray gun in greenhouse tomato crops[J].Crop Protection,2012,31(1):119-124.
[6]徐高欢,陈建能,童志鹏.混合高阶傅里叶非圆齿轮驱动的差速泵多目标参数优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(1):383-390.XU Gaohuan,CHEN Jianneng,TONG Zhipeng.Multi-objective optimization of the mixed high order Fourier non-circular geardriven differential pump[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):383-390.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160153&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.01.053.(in Chinese)
[7]陈明,李丽伟,焦映厚,等.四叶片差速泵的理论研究[J].机械工程学报,2002,38(11):66-70.CHEN Ming,LI Liwei,JIAO Yinghou,et al.Theoretical study of differential velocity 4-vane pump[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2002,38(11):66-70.(in Chinese)
[8]陈明,张勇,訾进锋,等.转动导杆-齿轮机构驱动叶片差速泵[J].机械工程学报,2006,42(增刊):54-58.CHEN Ming,ZHANG Yong,ZI Jinfeng,et al.Differential velocity vane pump driven by rotating guide-bar-gear mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2006,42(Supp.):54-58.(in Chinese)
[9]胡明,袁伟东,陈明,等.叶片差速泵驱动系统运动与力学特性分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2012,44(9):123-127.HU Ming,YUAN Weidong,CHEN Ming,et al.Kinematics and mechanics performance analysis of driving systems of differential velocity vane pump[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2012,44(9):123-127.(in Chinese)
[10]张展,曾建峰,邢淮阳.泵的设计与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2015:5-12.
[11]柴立新.泵选用手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009:1-20.
[12]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T 29531-2013泵的振动测量与评价方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2013.
[13]LANGLHJEM M A.A numerical study of flow-induced noise in a two-dimensional centrifugal pump,part I:hydrodynamics[J].J.Fluid and Structures,2004,19(3):349-368.
[14]OUYANG Xiaoping,FANG Xu,YANG Huayong.An investigation into the swash plate vibration and pressure pulsation of piston pumps based on full fluid-structure interactions[J].Zhejiang Univ.-Sci.A(Appl.Phys.&Eng.),2016,17(3):202-214.
[15]施卫东,徐燕,张启华.基于流固耦合的多级潜水泵叶轮结构强度分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(5):70-73,100.SHI Weidong,XU Yan,ZHANG Qihua,et al.Structural strength analysis of multistage submersible pump impeller based on fluid-structure interaction[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(5):70-73,100.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20130514&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.05.014.(in Chinese)
[16]李伟,杨勇飞,施卫东,等.基于双向流固耦合的混流泵叶轮力学特性研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(12):82-88.LI Wei,YANG Yongfei,SHI Weidong,et al.Mechanical properties of mixed-flow pump impeller based on bidirectional fluidstructure interaction[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(12):82-88.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20151212&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.12.012.(in Chinese)
[17]袁寿其,徐宇平,张金凤,等.流固耦合作用对螺旋离心泵流场影响的数值分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(1):38-42,47.YUAN Shouqi,XU Yuping,ZHANG Jinfeng,et al.Numerical analysis for effect of fluid-structure interaction on flow field in screw centrifugal pump[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(1):38-42,47.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20130108&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.01.008.(in Chinese)
[18]BENRA F K,DOHMEN H J.Comparison of pump impeller orbit curves obtained by measurement and FSl simulation[C]∥ASME PVP2007,San Antonio,Texas,2007.
[19]KATO C,YAMADE Y,WANG Hong,et al.Prediction of the noise from a multi-stage centrifugal pump[C]∥ASMEFEDSM2005,Houston,Texas,PART B:1273-1280.
[20]XU Gaohuan,CHEN Jianneng,ZHAO Huacheng.Numerical calculation and experiment of coupled dynamics of the differential velocity vane pump driven by the hybrid high order Fourier non-circular gears[J].Journal of Thermal Science,2018,27(3):285-293.
[21]徐高欢,陈建能,张国凤.傅里叶非圆齿轮驱动四叶片差速泵设计与特性分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(12):80-87.XU Gaohuan,CHEN Jianneng,ZHANG Guofeng.Design and performance analysis of Fourier non-circular gear-driven differential pump[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(12):80-87.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20141213&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.12.013.(in Chinese)
[22]张洪才,刘宪伟,孙长青,等.ANSYS Workbench14.5数值模拟工程实例解析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2013.
[23]江伟,郭涛,李国君,等.离心泵流场流固耦合数值模拟[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(9):53-56,42.JIANG Wei,GUO Tao,LI Guojun,et al.Numerical calculation on flow field in centrifugal pump based on fluid-structure interaction theorem[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(9):53-56,42.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20120911&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.09.011.(in Chinese)
[24]EATON M,KEOGH P S,EDGE K A.The modeling,prediction and experimental evaluation of gear pump meshing pressures with particular reference to aero-engine fuel pumps[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part I Journal of Systems and Control Engineering,2008,220(5):365-379.