连年翻压紫云英对早稻田土壤性质及酶活性动态的影响
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摘要
依托7年定位试验,研究翻压紫云英对土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾及蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶活性动态的影响。试验设对照(不施化肥、不翻压紫云英)、化肥、紫云英+化肥3个处理。在紫云英翻压后2、4、8、16、32 d及早稻拔节期、孕穗期、收获期取样。结果表明,翻压紫云英对土壤性质和酶活性动态影响显著,土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾动态变化与紫云英养分释放规律基本一致,而蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶又与土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷等养分的动态基本一致。与化肥处理相比,紫云英+化肥显著提高了土壤pH值;在基础土壤有机质、碱解氮较高条件下,紫云英+化肥对蔗糖酶、碱解氮、脲酶等影响不显著,但在基础土壤有效磷、速效钾较低条件下,紫云英+化肥显著提升了有效磷、酸性磷酸酶活性及速效钾含量。因此,紫云英培肥土壤明显受土壤基础养分限制。
Based on a seven-year filed experiment,the effects of Chinese milk vetch(CMV)incorporation on the dynamics of soil pH,organic matter(OM),available nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK)and the activities of soil invertase,urease and acid phosphatase(ACP)were investigated depending on the fertilizations:(1)without fertilizers(Control,CK),(2)mineral fertilizers(NPK)and(3)mineral fertilizers combined with CMV(NPK+CMV).Soil sampling was done at 2 th,4 th,8 th,16 th and 32 th day after CMV incorporation, jointing stage,booting stage and harvest of early rice.In general,the dynamics of soil characteristics and enzyme activities were significant,and were almost consistent with the nutrients release of CMV.Compared to NPK,NPK+CMV improved significantly the pH value.There were no significant difference on invertase activity,AN and urease activity,which maybe caused by the high content of OM and AN in the background soil.Oppositely,the AP,AK and ACP content were higher in the NPK+CMV treatment than in the NPK+CMV treatment and the control when the background soil had low AP and AK.In conclusion,the effects of CMV on soil fertility were limited by the basic nutrient of soil.
Based on a seven-year filed experiment,the effects of Chinese milk vetch(CMV)incorporation on the dynamics of soil pH,organic matter(OM),available nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK)and the activities of soil invertase,urease and acid phosphatase(ACP)were investigated depending on the fertilizations:(1)without fertilizers(Control,CK),(2)mineral fertilizers(NPK)and(3)mineral fertilizers combined with CMV(NPK+CMV).Soil sampling was done at 2 th,4 th,8 th,16 th and 32 th day after CMV incorporation, jointing stage,booting stage and harvest of early rice.In general,the dynamics of soil characteristics and enzyme activities were significant,and were almost consistent with the nutrients release of CMV.Compared to NPK,NPK+CMV improved significantly the pH value.There were no significant difference on invertase activity,AN and urease activity,which maybe caused by the high content of OM and AN in the background soil.Oppositely,the AP,AK and ACP content were higher in the NPK+CMV treatment than in the NPK+CMV treatment and the control when the background soil had low AP and AK.In conclusion,the effects of CMV on soil fertility were limited by the basic nutrient of soil.
引文
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[12]颜志雷,方宇,陈济琛,等.连年翻压紫云英对稻田土壤养分和微生物学特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1151-1160.
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[19]杜君,孙克刚,和爱玲,等.紫云英配施化肥对稻田土壤养分、土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].郑州牧业工程高等专科学校学报,2015,35(3):4-7.
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[21]孙瑞莲,赵秉强,朱鲁生,等.长期定位施肥对土壤酶活性的影响及其调控土壤肥力的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(4):406-410.
[22]马宁宁,李天来,武春成,等.长期施肥对设施菜田土壤酶活性及土壤理化性状的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(7):1766-1771.
[2]王允青,曹卫东,郭熙盛,等.不同还田条件下紫云英腐解特征研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(34):19388-19389.
[3]Zhu B,Yi L X,Guo L M,et al.Performance of two winter cover crops and their impacts on soil properties and two subsequent rice crops in Dongting Lake Plain,Hunan,China[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2012,124(4):95-101.
[4]高菊生,徐明岗,董春华,等.长期稻-稻-绿肥轮作对水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(2):343-349.
[5]周国朋,谢志坚,曹卫东,等.稻草高茬-紫云英联合还田改善土壤肥力提高作物产量[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(23):157-163.
[6]王琴,潘兹亮,吕玉虎,等.紫云英绿肥对土壤养分的影响[J].草原与草坪,2011,31(1):58-60.
[7]Wang Y F,Liu X M,Butterly C,et al.pH change,carbon and nitrogen mineralization in paddy soils affected by Chinese milk vetch addition and soil water regime[J].Journal of Soil and Sediment,2013,13(4):654-663.
[8]吕玉虎,潘兹亮,王琴.翻压紫云英后化肥用量对稻田养分动态变化及产量效应的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(3):174-178.
[9]王建红,曹凯,张贤.紫云英腐解对土壤速效养分动态变化和单季稻产量的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2013,25(3):587-592.
[10]林诚,王飞,林新坚,等.不同紫云英翻压量对土壤酶活性及微生物生物量碳氮的影响[J].热带作物学报,2011,32(6):1020-1023.
[11]张珺穜,曹卫东,徐昌旭,等.种植利用紫云英对稻田土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012,(1):19-25.
[12]颜志雷,方宇,陈济琛,等.连年翻压紫云英对稻田土壤养分和微生物学特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1151-1160.
[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[14]吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006.
[15]Guo J H,Liu X J,Zhang Y,et al.Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands[J].Science,2010,327(5968):1008-1010.
[16]杨利,夏贤格,吴家琼,等.湖北省主要农区耕地土壤质量研究Ⅱ.近30年来土壤肥力的演变[J].湖北农业科学,2016,(2):299-302.
[17]林多胡,顾荣申.中国紫云英[J].福州:福建科学技术出版社,2008.
[18]刘国顺,李正,敬海霞,等.连年翻压绿肥对植烟土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,20(6):1472-1478.
[19]杜君,孙克刚,和爱玲,等.紫云英配施化肥对稻田土壤养分、土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].郑州牧业工程高等专科学校学报,2015,35(3):4-7.
[20]刘善江,夏雪,陈桂梅,等.土壤酶的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(21):1-7.
[21]孙瑞莲,赵秉强,朱鲁生,等.长期定位施肥对土壤酶活性的影响及其调控土壤肥力的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(4):406-410.
[22]马宁宁,李天来,武春成,等.长期施肥对设施菜田土壤酶活性及土壤理化性状的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(7):1766-1771.