四通道可见光光谱相机的设计
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摘要
随着光谱技术的发展,多光谱相机在农业、医疗、机器视觉、遥感探测等领域都得到了广泛的应用。提出一款小型化四通道可见光波段的多光谱相机,尺寸为107 mm×110 mm×74 mm,质量1 043 g,适合搭载在小型化无人机上进行遥感探测。相机系统采用棱镜分光光路设计方案,避免光程差和光轴偏移;设计开发的四通道可见光多光谱相机,采用一个FPGA控制器同时驱动4个图像传感器,实现4个通道像素级同步采集,曝光完全一致。实验结果显示:在红、绿、蓝3个特定波段及全波段相机可实时输出图像,既可输出某个特定波段图像(60 fps),也可同时输出4个波段图像(15 fps),有利于多波段图像同步采集,以及多光谱图像融合的研究。
With the development of spectroscopy technology, multi-spectral cameras have been widely used in agriculture, medical, machine vision, remote sensing and other fields. This paper proposes a miniaturized four-channel visible-waveband multi-spectral camera with a size of 107 mm×110 mm×74 mm and a mass of 1 043 g, which is especially suitable for remote sensing detection on a miniaturized drone. The camera system adopts a prism beam splitting optical path design scheme to avoid optical path difference and optical axis shift. The specially designed four-channel multi-spectral camera in visible light uses an field-programmable gate array(FPGA) controller to simultaneously drive 4 image sensors to realize four-channel pixel-level synchronous acquisition, and the exposure is exactly the same.The test results show that at the 3 specific bands of red, green and blue and the full band,the camera can output images in real time, which can output a specific band image(60 fps) or 4 band images(15 fps) at the same time,which is beneficial to the synchronous acquisition of multi-band images and the research on multi-spectral images fusion.
With the development of spectroscopy technology, multi-spectral cameras have been widely used in agriculture, medical, machine vision, remote sensing and other fields. This paper proposes a miniaturized four-channel visible-waveband multi-spectral camera with a size of 107 mm×110 mm×74 mm and a mass of 1 043 g, which is especially suitable for remote sensing detection on a miniaturized drone. The camera system adopts a prism beam splitting optical path design scheme to avoid optical path difference and optical axis shift. The specially designed four-channel multi-spectral camera in visible light uses an field-programmable gate array(FPGA) controller to simultaneously drive 4 image sensors to realize four-channel pixel-level synchronous acquisition, and the exposure is exactly the same.The test results show that at the 3 specific bands of red, green and blue and the full band,the camera can output images in real time, which can output a specific band image(60 fps) or 4 band images(15 fps) at the same time,which is beneficial to the synchronous acquisition of multi-band images and the research on multi-spectral images fusion.
引文
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[14] DING Lei,YUAN Yinlin,ZHENG Xiaobing,et al.Verification method of spectral calibration accuracy for hyperspectral remote sensors[J].Journal of Applied Optics,2017,38(3):463-468.丁蕾,袁银麟,郑小兵,等.高光谱遥感器现场光谱定标精度验证方法研究[J].应用光学,2017,38(3):463-468.
[15] LI Shihua,WANG Jinliang,CHEN Yao,et al.Experimental study on optimal band selection method for multispectral remote sensing data[J].Yunnan Geographic Environment Research,2005(6):31-35.李石华,王金亮,陈姚,等.多光谱遥感数据最佳波段选择方法试验研究[J].云南地理环境研究,2005(6):31-35.
[16] MAO Zhihui,DENG Lei,ZHANG Jie,et al.Research on the application of UAV multispectral remote sensing in the maize chlorophyll prediction[J].Spectroscopy And Spectral Analysis,2018,38(9):2923-2931.毛智慧,邓磊,孙杰,等.无人机多光谱遥感在玉米冠层叶绿素预测中的应用研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2018,38(9):2923-2931.
[2] CHENG Gang,FANG Fan,NING Fei,et al.Study on performance of multi spectral reconnaissance of unmanned aerial vehicle[J].Journal of Applied Optics,2017,38(5):685-688.成刚,方帆,宁飞,等.无人机载多光谱侦察效能研究[J].应用光学,2017,38(5):685-688.
[3] ZHANG Ailing,ZHANG Boheng,ZHANG Jian,et al.Design of digital image acquisiton system for multispectral CCD cameras[J].Microcomputer Information,2011,27(12):15-16.李爱玲,张伯珩,张健,等.多光谱CCD相机图像采集系统的设计[J].微计算机信息,2011,27(12):15-16.
[4] LI Jiangnan.Design ang implementation of multispectral camera[J].Ship Electronic Engineering,2013(6):153-155.李江南.双光谱相机设计与实现[J].舰船电子工程,2013(6):153-155.
[5] CAO Congfeng.Research of UAV-borne multispectral camera system based on narrow bandwidth filter array[D].Beijing:Institute of Remote Sensing Application Chinese Academy of Science,2017.曹丛峰.基于滤光片阵列分光的无人机载多光谱相机系统研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学(中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所),2017.
[6] CAO Congfeng,FANG Junyong,ZHAO Dong.Development of UAV-borne multispectral camerabased on narrow bandwidth filte arry[J].Optical Technique,,2018,44(1):51-55.曹丛峰,方俊永,赵冬.基于滤光片阵列分光的无人机载多光谱相机研制[J].光学技术,2018,44(1):51-55.
[7] HUA Houqiang.Calibration and image correction of single CCD four-band spectral imager[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2009.华厚强.单CCD四波段光谱成像仪的定标与图像校正[D].成都:电子科技大学,2009.
[8] DONG Jun,Gao Wei,Han Qingyan,et al.Plasmon-enhanced upconversion photoluminescence:mechanism and application[J].Reviews in Physics,2019(4):100026.
[9] LIU Tuanjie.Techniques and application research on airborne multispectral digital camera system[D].Beijing:Institute of Remote Sensing Application Chinese Academy of Science,2002.刘团结.航空多光谱数字相机系统关键技术及应用研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(遥感应用研究所),2002.
[10] HOU Jianling.Aeronautical multi-spectral CCD camera[J].Radio Communications Technology,1992(1):57-63.侯建玲.一种航空型多光谱CCD相机[J].无线电通信技术,1992(1):57-63.
[11] WU Chuanqing,TONG Qingxi,ZHENG Lanfang.Pretreatment of ground and image spectral data[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2005(5):50-55.吴传庆,童庆禧,郑兰芬.地面、图像光谱数据的预处理[J].遥感技术与应用,2005(5):50-55.
[12] YU Xueqin.Comparative analysis of prism dispersion and grating dispersion[J].Journal of Sanmenxia Polytechnic,2011(2):116-117.于雪芹.棱镜色散与光栅色散的对比分析[J].三门峡职业技术学院学报,2011(2):116-117.
[13] LIU Bing.Research on minlature visible/near-infrared wide range real-time imaging spectrum technology[D].Changchun:Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,China Academy of Science,2015.刘兵.小型化可见/近红外宽波段实时成像光谱技术研究[D].中国科学院研究生院(长春光学精密机械与物理研究所),2015.
[14] DING Lei,YUAN Yinlin,ZHENG Xiaobing,et al.Verification method of spectral calibration accuracy for hyperspectral remote sensors[J].Journal of Applied Optics,2017,38(3):463-468.丁蕾,袁银麟,郑小兵,等.高光谱遥感器现场光谱定标精度验证方法研究[J].应用光学,2017,38(3):463-468.
[15] LI Shihua,WANG Jinliang,CHEN Yao,et al.Experimental study on optimal band selection method for multispectral remote sensing data[J].Yunnan Geographic Environment Research,2005(6):31-35.李石华,王金亮,陈姚,等.多光谱遥感数据最佳波段选择方法试验研究[J].云南地理环境研究,2005(6):31-35.
[16] MAO Zhihui,DENG Lei,ZHANG Jie,et al.Research on the application of UAV multispectral remote sensing in the maize chlorophyll prediction[J].Spectroscopy And Spectral Analysis,2018,38(9):2923-2931.毛智慧,邓磊,孙杰,等.无人机多光谱遥感在玉米冠层叶绿素预测中的应用研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2018,38(9):2923-2931.