基于光学相控阵的提高APD阵列三维成像分辨率方法
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摘要
小面阵APD阵列较低的像元数量限制了其三维成像分辨率。提出了一种基于光学相控阵的提高APD阵列三维成像分辨率方法,用光学相控阵生成与APD阵列像元数量相同且位置匹配的光束阵列并实现扫描。光束阵列中子光束发散角小于APD阵列中单个像元的瞬时视场角,子光束在单个像元视场内扫描实现APD阵列对目标三维信息的多次采集,进而提高APD阵列的分辨率。在Matlab中基于二维标量衍射理论仿真了光束阵列在远场的分布,并分析了子光束发散角与扩展周期数之间的关系。最后采用液晶相位空间光调制器作为光学相控阵器件,结合CCD接收回波信号,进一步验证了提出方法的可行性。
The small number of pixels in APD array is the limitation of three dimension imaging resolution. A method based on optical phased array was proposed to improve 3D imaging resolution of APD array, the optical phased array was used to generate and scan the beam array, the number and position of the beam array were matched with the APD array. The divergence angle of the sub-beam in the beam array was smaller than the instantaneous FOV of a single pixel in the APD array, the APD array acquired multiple acquisitions of the target 3D information by scanning the sub-beam in a single pixel to improve the resolution of the APD array. The distribution of the beam array in the far field was simulated based on the two-dimensional scalar diffraction theory in Matlab, and the relationship between the divergence angle of the beam and the number of extended cycles was analyzed. Finally, the liquid crystal phase spatial light modulator was used as the optical phased array device, and the CCD was used to receive the echo signal, which further verified the feasibility of the proposed method.
The small number of pixels in APD array is the limitation of three dimension imaging resolution. A method based on optical phased array was proposed to improve 3D imaging resolution of APD array, the optical phased array was used to generate and scan the beam array, the number and position of the beam array were matched with the APD array. The divergence angle of the sub-beam in the beam array was smaller than the instantaneous FOV of a single pixel in the APD array, the APD array acquired multiple acquisitions of the target 3D information by scanning the sub-beam in a single pixel to improve the resolution of the APD array. The distribution of the beam array in the far field was simulated based on the two-dimensional scalar diffraction theory in Matlab, and the relationship between the divergence angle of the beam and the number of extended cycles was analyzed. Finally, the liquid crystal phase spatial light modulator was used as the optical phased array device, and the CCD was used to receive the echo signal, which further verified the feasibility of the proposed method.
引文
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[16] Chen Li, Du Peng, Yan Hong, et al. Progress and applied analysis of the optical phased array in beam steering[J].Laser&Infrared, 2013, 43(4):351-355.(in Chinese)陈黎,杜鹏,颜宏,等.光学相控阵在光束偏转中的应用分析及进展[J].激光与红外, 2013, 43(4):351-355.
[17] Engstr M D, Bengtsson J, Eriksson E, et al. Improved beam steering accuracy of a single beam with a 1D phase-only spatial light modulator.[J]. Optics Express, 2008, 16(22):18275-18287.
[2] Wang Shuai, Sun Huayan, Guo Huichao, et al. A development and status of single pulse 3D imaging lidar based on APD array[J]. Laser&Infrared, 2017, 47(4):389-398.(in Chinese)王帅,孙华燕,郭惠超,等. APD阵列单脉冲三维成像激光雷达的发展与现状[J].激光与红外, 2017, 47(4):389-398.
[3] Heinrichs R, Aull B F, Marino R M, et al. Threedimensional laser radar with APD arrays[C]//Laser Radar Technology and Applications VI. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2001, 4377:106-118.
[4] Guo Y, Huang G, Shu R. 3D imaging laser radar using Geiger-mode APDs:analysis and experiments[C]//Proceedings of SPIE, 2010, 7684(1):143-153.
[5] Zhang Yong, Cao Xibin, Wu Long, et al. Experimental research on small scale risley prism scanning imaging laser radar system[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2013, 40(8):0814001.(in Chinese)张勇,曹喜滨,吴龙,等.小面阵块扫描激光成像系统实验研究[J].中国激光, 2013, 40(8):0814001.
[6] Akiyama A, Watanabe T, Doshida M, et al. Optical fiber imaging laser radar[C]//Proceedings of SPIE, 2003, 44(1):116-127.
[7] Jin Chenfei, Wang Ye, Cao Lu, et al. Design of fiber-array imaging laser radar system[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering,2012, 39(11):115-123.(in Chinese)靳辰飞,王野,曹璐,等.光纤阵列成像激光雷达系统的设计[J].光电工程, 2012, 39(11):115-123.
[8] Zhao W, Han S. Multiple surface range estimation in 3D flash imaging ladar via expectation maximization[C]//International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology, IEEE, 2013:446-450.
[9] Hao G, Du X, Zhao J, et al. Dense surface reconstruction based on the fusion of monocular vision and threedimensional flash light detection and ranging[J]. Optical Engineering, 2015, 54(7):073113.
[10] Sun Jian, Liu Qianyu. Three-dimensional laser imaging system and method based on APD array:China,CN105242281A[P]. 2017-10-20.(in Chinese)孙剑,刘倩玉.基于APD阵列的三维激光成像系统及方法:中国, CN105242281A[P]. 2017-10-20.
[11] Wu Chao, Liu Chunbo, Han Xiang′e. Design of waveguide optical phased array ladar receiving system[J]. Infrared&Laser Engineering, 2016, 45(10):1030003.(in Chinese)吴超,刘春波,韩香娥.光波导相控阵激光雷达接收系统设计[J].红外与激光工程, 2016, 45(10):1030003.
[12] Yu Xiao, Yao Yuan, Xu Zhengping. Laser imaging optical system design with a shared aperture employing APD array[J]. Chinese Optics, 2016, 9(3):349-356.(in Chinese)于潇,姚园,徐正平.采用APD阵列的共口径激光成像光学系统设计[J].中国光学, 2016, 9(3):349-356.
[13] Wang Fei, Tang Wei, Wang Tingfeng, et al. Design of 3D laser imaging receiver based on 8×8 APD detector array[J].Chinese Optics, 2015, 8(3):422-427.(in Chinese)王飞,汤伟,王挺峰,等. 8×8 APD阵列激光三维成像接收机研制[J].中国光学, 2015, 8(3):422-427.
[14] Xu Zhengping, Shen Honghai, Yao Yuan, et al. Scannerless laser active imaging validating system by directly ranging[J].Optics&Precision Engineering, 2016, 24(2):251-259.(in Chinese)徐正平,沈宏海,姚园,等.直接测距型无扫描激光主动成像验证系统[J].光学精密工程, 2016, 24(2):251-259.
[15] Xu Zhengping, Xu Yongsen, Yao Yuan, et al. Performance verification of staring laser active imaging system[J]. Optics&Precision Engineering, 2017, 25(6):1441-1448.(in Chinese)徐正平,许永森,姚园,等.凝视型激光主动成像系统性能验证[J].光学精密工程, 2017, 25(6):1441-1448.
[16] Chen Li, Du Peng, Yan Hong, et al. Progress and applied analysis of the optical phased array in beam steering[J].Laser&Infrared, 2013, 43(4):351-355.(in Chinese)陈黎,杜鹏,颜宏,等.光学相控阵在光束偏转中的应用分析及进展[J].激光与红外, 2013, 43(4):351-355.
[17] Engstr M D, Bengtsson J, Eriksson E, et al. Improved beam steering accuracy of a single beam with a 1D phase-only spatial light modulator.[J]. Optics Express, 2008, 16(22):18275-18287.